VSS Unity

"VSS Voyager" redirects here. It is not to be confused with USS Voyager.
VSS Unity
Type Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo
Manufacturer The Spaceship Company
Construction number 2 [1]
Registration N202VG [2]
First flight 8 September 2016[3] (captive carry flight)
4 December 2016 (glide flight)
Owners and operators Virgin Galactic
In service 2017 (expected)[4]



VSS Unity[5](Tail number: N202VG[2]), previously referred to as VSS Voyager, is a SpaceShipTwo-class suborbital rocket-powered manned spaceplane. It is the second SpaceShipTwo to be built, and will be used as part of the Virgin Galactic Fleet.

The spacecraft was rolled out on 19 February 2016,[6][7] and completed ground-based system integration testing in September 2016, prior to its first airborne flight on 8 September 2016.[8][9][3]

Overview

Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo Unity rollout, 19 February 2016, FAITH hangar, Mojave, California

VSS Unity, the second SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplane for Virgin Galactic, [10] is the first SpaceShipTwo built by The Spaceship Company. The ship's name was announced on February 19, 2016.[5] Prior to the naming announcement, the craft was referred to as SpaceShipTwo, Serial Number Two.[11][12] There was speculation in 2004 that Serial Number Two would be named VSS Voyager,[13] an unofficial name that was repeatedly used in media coverage.[14][15][16] The name Unity was chosen by British physicist Stephen Hawking. Hawking's eye is also used as the model for the eye logo on the side of Unity.[17]

History

The manufacture of Unity began in 2012.[2] The spacecraft's registration, N202VG, was filed in September 2014.[18] As of early November 2014, the build of Unity was about 90 percent structurally complete, and 65 percent complete overall. As of April 2015, Unity was approximately 75% complete,[19] and initial ground tests were projected to be able to begin as early as late 2015,[20] after being projected as early as mid-2015 as of November 2014.[1][21][22] On 21 May 2015, Unity reached the milestone of bearing the weight of the airframe on its own wheels.[23] The spaceship was unveiled at a rollout event on 19 February 2016, as Virgin Galactic founder Richard Branson had projected in November 2015; ground and flight testing will commence thereafter.[24][25]

VSS Unity is be the second SpaceShipTwo to be completed; the first, VSS Enterprise, was destroyed in a crash in late October 2014.[10][15]

After rollout and unveiling, a phase of testing called "Integrated Vehicle Ground Testing" began on VSS Unity in February 2016.[9]

Test flight program

VSS Unity will undergo a test regimen similar to VSS Enterprise, then will embark on testing beyond what Enterprise experienced. The test flights are expected to be fewer, as Enterprise has already tested the design's responses under numerous conditions. Testing will start with captive carry, progress to free-flight glide testing, then continue with powered test flights. It is possible that only 2-3 flights under each regime previously tested will be performed, instead of the 5 or 10 that Enterprise performed.[26]

On 8 September 2016, Virgin Galactic commenced flight testing of Unity with a captive-carry flight.[8]

On 1 November 2016, Virgin Galactic conducted a captive-carry flight of Unity but cancelled the glide portion of the flight because of wind speed.[27] On 3 November, an additional captive-carry flight took place.[28][29]

List of test flights

Flight designation Date Duration Maximum altitude Top speed Pilot / co-pilot Feathered (Fxx)
05 / GF01 4 December 2016 16.800 meters Mach 0.6 Stucky / Mackay First glide flight of VSS Unity[30]
04 / CC04 30 November 2016 Test of minor modifications to VSS Unity
03 / CC03 3 November 2016 No release of VSS Unity due to strong winds
02 / CC02 1 November 2016 No release of VSS Unity due to strong winds [31]
01 / CC01 8 September 2016 15.240 meters Stucky / Mackay [32] First captive carry flight of VSS Unity
CCxx=Captive Carry Flight
GFxx=Glide Flight
CFxx=Cold Flow Flight
PFxx=Powered Flight

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to VSS Unity.

References

  1. 1 2 Luke Villapaz (5 November 2014). "Virgin Galactic Hopes To Restart SpaceShipTwo Tests In Summer 2015". International Business Times.
  2. 1 2 3 Irene Klotz (5 November 2014). "New spaceship restoring hope after Virgin Galactic crash". Reuters. SpaceDaily.
  3. 1 2 "Update from Mojave: VSS Unity's First Flight Test Completed - Virgin Galactic". virgingalactic.com. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  4. ↑ http://www.flugrevue.de/raumfahrt/spaceshiptwo-beginnt-flugerprobung/698732
  5. 1 2 virgingalactic (19 February 2016). "Virgin Galactic announces new ship name" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  6. ↑ "New SpaceShipTwo Rollout Friday". AVweb. 18 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "Virgin Galactic unveils new space tourism rocket plane". CBC News. 19 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Virgin Galactic's new SpaceShipTwo gets off the ground, two years after fatal mishap". GeekWire. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
  9. 1 2 "Update from Mojave: Testing Testing 1-2-3". Virgin Galactic. 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  10. 1 2 "Mojave Update: SpaceShipTwo Construction". virgingalactic.com. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  11. ↑ Rosenberg, Zach. "The Making of SpaceShipTwo". Air & Space Smithsonian. Smithsonian Air & Space Magazine. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  12. ↑ Crane, Rachel. "Inside Virgin Galactic's newest passenger spaceship". Inside Virgin Galactic's Space Tourism Rocket Factory. CNN. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "One small step for space tourism...". The Economist. 16 December 2004.
  14. ↑ Roll, Erin (2013-11-21). "Glen Ridge resident helping to launch commercial spaceflight". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
  15. 1 2 Dean, Lewis (2014-10-31). "Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo Crash: Pilot Dies After 'Serious' In-Flight Problem". International Business Times. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
  16. ↑ Harlow, John (2014-11-09). "Virgin: Our spaceship will be flying by April". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
  17. ↑ USA Today (2016-02-19). "New Virgin Galactic spacecraft gets rock star unveiling". Youtube.
  18. ↑ "N202VG is Reserved". FAA. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-05.
  19. ↑ Jonathan O'Callaghan (21 April 2015). "Virgin Galactic will fly again: Company prepares to test new spacecraft after fatal 2014 crash". Daily Main (London).
  20. ↑ "Virgin Galactic 'to test new craft by end of year'". The Telegraph (London). 21 April 2015.
  21. ↑ "Virgin Galactic CEO Sees New Spacecraft Ready Next Year". Reuters. Newsweek. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
  22. ↑ Alan Boyle (5 November 2014). "The Next SpaceShipTwo Takes Shape in Virgin Galactic Hangar". NBC News.
  23. ↑ Alan Boyle (22 May 2015). "Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo 2.0 Puts 'Weight on Wheels'". NBC News.
  24. ↑ Plautz, Jessica; Kramer, Miriam (2015-11-02). "Richard Branson: Virgin Galactic's next space plane is coming in February". Mashable. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  25. ↑ "Video - Virgin Galactic: second SpaceShipTwo to be rolled out on 19 February". aeronewstv.com. 14 January 2016.
  26. ↑ Jeff Foust (14 October 2015). "SpaceShipTwo Bounces Back to Rubber Fuel". SpaceNews.
  27. ↑ Tariq Malik (1 November 2016). "Virgin Galactic Postpones 1st Glide Test with New SpaceShipTwo". Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  28. ↑ Thompson, Amy. "Virgin Galactic looks to next SpaceShipTwo glide test," inverse.com, accessed Nov 5, 2016
  29. ↑ Messier, Doug (4 November 2016). "Last Minute Scrub of SpaceShipTwo Glide Flight". parabolicarc.com. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  30. ↑ http://www.krone.at/wissen/bransons-vss-unity-absolvierte-ersten-gleitflug-touristen-raumschiff-story-542661
  31. ↑ http://www.space.com/34580-virgin-galactic-attempts-spaceshiptwo-glide-test.html
  32. ↑ http://www.flugrevue.de/raumfahrt/spaceshiptwo-beginnt-flugerprobung/698732


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