Walter Noddack
| Walter Noddack | |
|---|---|
| Born |
17 August 1893 Berlin, Germany |
| Died | 7 December 1960 (aged 67) |
| Nationality | German |
| Institutions | Technical University of Berlin |
| Alma mater | Technical University of Berlin |
| Known for | discovery of rhenium |
Walter Noddack (17 August 1893 in Berlin – 7 December 1960 in Berlin) was a German chemist. He, Ida Tacke (who later married Noddack), and Otto Berg reported the discovery of element 43 and element 75 in 1925.
Rhenium
They named element 75 rhenium (Latin Rhenus meaning "Rhine").[1] Rhenium was the next-to-last naturally occurring element to be discovered and the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope. The existence of a yet undiscovered element at this position in the periodic table had been predicted by Henry Moseley in 1914. In 1925 they reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite.[2] In 1928 they were able to extract 1 g of the element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite.[3]
Technetium
Element 43 was named masurium (after Masuria in Eastern Prussia). The group bombarded columbite with a beam of electrons and deduced element 43 was present by examining X-ray diffraction spectrograms. The wavelength of the X-rays produced is related to the atomic number by a formula derived by Henry Moseley. The team claimed to detect a faint X-ray signal at a wavelength produced by element 43. Contemporary experimenters could not replicate the discovery, and in fact it was dismissed as an error for many years.[4]
It was not until 1998 that this dismissal began to be questioned. John T. Armstrong of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ran computer simulations of the experiments and obtained results very close to those reported by the 1925 team; the claim was further supported by work published by David Curtis of the Los Alamos National Laboratory measuring the (tiny) natural occurrence of technetium. Debate still exists as to whether the 1925 team actually did discover element 43.
Academic career
Noddack became professor for physical chemistry in 1935 at the University of Freiburg and 1941 at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg. After World War II he changed to the University of Bamberg and in 1956 he became director of the newly founded Research Institute for geochemistry there.
References
- ↑ Tilgner, Hans Georg (2000). Forschen Suche und Sucht (in German). Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-89811-272-7.
- ↑ Noddack, W.; Tacke, I.; Berg, O (1925). "Die Ekamangane". Naturwissenschaften. 13 (26): 567–574. Bibcode:1925NW.....13..567.. doi:10.1007/BF01558746.
- ↑ J. Noddack, W.; Noddack, W. (1929). "Die Herstellung von einem Gram Rhenium". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 183 (1): 353–375. doi:10.1002/zaac.19291830126.
- ↑ http://www.hypatiamaze.org/ida/tacke.html
- Otto Bayer; Ludwig Holleck; John Eggert; Heinrich Remy (1963). "Obituary: Walter Noddack. 1893-1960 (Zu seinem 70. Geburtstag am 17. August 1963)". Chemische Berichte. 96 (8): XXVIIA–LIA. doi:10.1002/cber.19630960844.