War rugs

Contemporary version of the Layla and Majnun story

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The war rug tradition of Afghanistan has its origins in the decade of Soviet occupation of Afghanistan from 1979, and has continued through subsequent military, political and social conflicts. Afghan rug-makers began incorporating the apparatus of war into their designs almost immediately after the Soviet Union invaded their country. They continue to do so today in the wake of the United States' 2001 invasion of Afghanistan which ousted the Taliban government of Mullah Omar but has failed to bring an end to violence in the country. The rugs produced in response to these events are among the world's richest traditions of war art of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

The terms Baluch and war rug are generalisations given to the genre by rug dealers, commercial galleries, collectors, critics and commentators. The distinctive characteristic of these rugs is their capacity to convey their makers' experiences and interpretations of the circumstances and politics of war and conflict in the region.

Literature

Jürgen Wasim Frembgen and Hans Werner Mohm: Lebensbaum und Kalaschnikow. Krieg und Frieden im Spiegel afghanischer Bildteppiche, Gollenstein Verlag (publishers), Blieskastel (in Germany), 2000, ISBN 978-3933389312. (This is the first known serious and detailed study of any substance in the field of the so-called "War Rugs" from Afghanistan.^[1])
Tim Bonyhady, Nigel Lendon and Jasleen Dhamija The rugs of war, Canberra : Australian National University, School of Art, Gallery, 2003. ISBN 0731530306
Enrico Mascelloni: War Rugs: The Nightmare of Modernism, Skira, 2009, ISBN 978-8861308664.
Till Passow u. Thomas Wild (edit): Knotted Memories. War in Afghan rug art, Catalogue to accompany the exhibition featuring selected pieces from Till Passow's collection of Afghan war rugs, 27 February - 20 March 2015 (German and English), Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-048784-2.^[2]

External links

Rug-of-War by Mimi Kirk, Smithsonian.com, 4 February 2008.
Rugs of War, Blog by Nigel Lendon and Prof. Tim Bonyhady of the Australian National University.

References

↑ Rugs of war bibliography
↑ Press Release: Knotted Memories. War in Afghan rug art (PDF 6.44MB).

Rugs and carpets

Rugs	Abadeh Afghan Ahar Alcaraz Arak Ardabil Azerbaijani Bakhtiari Bakshaish Baluch Bessarabian Bidjar Borujerd Braided Caucasian Dhurrie Flokati Heriz Isfahan Jozan Karadagh Kashan Kashmir Kerman Kilim Zanjan Shahsevan rug Kuba Kurdish Lilihan Mashhad Mughal Nain Navajo Oriental Pakistani Petate Qom Rya Sarouk Scandinavia Seraband Seychour Shiraz Sweden Tabriz Tibetan Turkmen Uzbek Julkhyr Uzbek Napramach Varamin Yürük

Carpets	Armenian Bakshaish Bellini Berber Bergama Bessarabian Bradford Caucasian Chiprovtsi Crivelli Fitted Gabbeh Hereke Karabakh Konya Kuba Holbein Lilihan Lotto Memling Milas Persian Pirot Sarouk Turkish Ushak Yomut

People	James F. Ballard Sir Francis Crossley Kurt Erdmann Arthur T. Gregorian Arshag Karagheusian Latif Karimov Julius Lessing William Morris George H. Myers Arthur Upham Pope Alois Riegl Friedrich Sarre Wilhelm von Bode Thomas Whitty Charles T. Yerkes

Places	Axminster Azerbaijan Carpet Museum Carpet Museum of Iran Dar al-Athar al-Islamyya, Kuwait Brukenthal National Museum Louvre Mevlana Museum Metropolitan Museum of Art Miho Museum Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest) Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna Museum of Islamic Art, Doha Museo Poldi Pezzoli Musée des Tissus et des Arts Décoratifs, Lyon Pergamon Museum Saint Louis Art Museum Textile Museum (Washington, D.C.) Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum Turkmen Carpet Museum Victoria and Albert Museum Wilton

Cleaning	Carpet cleaning Dry carpet cleaning Floorcloth

Fabrics	Frieze Shag

Manufacture & installation	Ghiordes & Senneh knots Knot density Pile Rubia Rug hooking Rug making Tack strip Underlay Warp and woof

Dyes	Natural dye Synthetic dye Madder (Rubia tinctorum) Indigofera tinctoria Carmine Cochineal Armenian cochineal Polish cochineal Coccus cacti

Manufacturers	A & M Karagheusian Axminster Carpets Brintons Carpet One Cormar Carpets Dilmaghani Savonnerie manufactory DOBAG Carpet Initiative

Carpets in culture	Eagle rug Early Anatolian Animal carpets Gul Kilim motifs Elibelinde Evil eye Tree of life Magic carpet Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting Pictorial carpet Prayer rug Red carpet Transylvanian rugs War rugs

Notable individual carpets	Ardabil Carpet Armenian Orphan Rug Badding Rug Bahar-e Kasra Coronation Carpet

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