William P. Clark Jr.
| William Clark | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 44th United States Secretary of the Interior | |
|
In office November 18, 1983 – February 7, 1985 | |
| President | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | James Watt |
| Succeeded by | Donald Hodel |
| 12th National Security Advisor | |
|
In office January 4, 1982 – October 17, 1983 | |
| President | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | Richard Allen |
| Succeeded by | Robert McFarlane |
| 6th United States Deputy Secretary of State | |
|
In office February 25, 1981 – February 9, 1982 | |
| President | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | Warren Christopher |
| Succeeded by | Walter Stoessel |
| Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court | |
|
In office March 23, 1973 – February 25, 1981 | |
| Appointed by | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | Raymond Peters |
| Succeeded by | Allen Broussard |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
William Patrick Clark Jr. October 23, 1931 Oxnard, California, U.S. |
| Died |
August 10, 2013 (aged 81) Shandon, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Joan Brauner |
| Children |
Monica Peter Nina Colin Paul |
| Alma mater |
Stanford University Loyola Marymount University |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
William Patrick Clark Jr. (October 23, 1931 – August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant who served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 to 1985.
Early life and career
Clark was born in Oxnard, California on October 23, 1931, the son of William Petit and Bernice Gregory Clark. He was a devout Catholic, former seminary student, rancher, lawyer, and aide to Reagan in the California gubernatorial years. Clark served as a justice of the California Supreme Court prior to his Washington appointment, and was known to long to return to California.
Clark attended Stanford University and Loyola Law School while managing his ranch. Not being able to dedicate sufficient time and resources towards completing his undergraduate and post-graduate degrees, Clark never graduated from Stanford or Loyola. Nevertheless, he scored well enough on entrance exams to gain admittance to law school, and he passed the California state bar exam without a law school degree. He also served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps.
On May 5, 1955, Clark was married to the former Johanna M. "Joan" Brauner of Bern, Switzerland; they had five children. Joan Clark died in April 2009.
Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971, in Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, and was an associate justice on the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981. He reached the apex of his power when appointed National Security Advisor and temporarily became preeminent among presidential aides.
A longtime rancher friend of Reagan, according to Edmund Morris's Dutch, Clark would walk into Reagan's office unannounced, an unheard-of practice for even the most senior officials. Clark even suggested to the president in light of foreign policy troubles bedeviling the United States in the mid-1980s that Reagan consider not running for reelection in 1984. By that time however, George Shultz had surpassed Clark in influence, and Reagan apparently gave Clark's suggestion no thought.
His biographers credit him with convincing Reagan that the Soviet Union could be pushed to the edge of collapse. The strategy was opposed by Secretary of State George Shultz, among others, leading to rancor in the White House.[1]
Morris writes in his admitted semi-fictionalized narrative biography that Clark resigned in late 1983 when he tired of the "unceasing hostility of [Michael] Deaver, [George] Shultz, and Nancy Reagan." Morris described Clark as "the only man who ever got within a furlong of intimacy" with the notoriously distant Reagan, and his ability to relate to Reagan inspired jealousy, at the same time that Clark's taciturn nature made him unlikely to build allies.
A differing PBS account quotes Mike Deaver via his book "Nancy", pg. 48: "Staff might have resented my closeness with Nancy, but to my knowledge, it was never a problem. Bill Clark and Ed Meese, then the legal-affairs counsel, were happy to have me working closely with Nancy because that freed them up to concentrate on policy and appointments. Often, too they would use me as back door to the first lady, to get her input ..." The PBS "Role of a Lifetime" url also lists some support of a conflict with George Shultz: "I knew that I would have to insist on dealing directly with the president. I could not let the White House staff interpret me to him. That was especially true when it came to Clark, because his views and instincts were different from mine ..." Noted authority Lou Cannon concluded that "[Mrs. Reagan] was very much opposed to Bill Clark. She wanted him out of (the NSA position) because she felt that it was interfering with (President) Reagan's efforts to open up better relations with the Soviet Union." Fellow Reagan family biographer James Benze furthers in the commentary, "Nancy Reagan (then) enlists other moderates in the administration to make William Clark's life miserable as National Security Advisor."
On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8,[2] and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt.
He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests.
After the Iran-Contra hearings in Congress, Clark wrote privately to Reagan urging him to pardon his three aides who were threatened with indictments in the conspiracy: Oliver North, John Poindexter, and Robert McFarlane.[3] Under President George H. W. Bush, Clark also orchestrated the lobbying campaign to obtain a pardon for his friend Caspar Weinberger.[4]
In July 2011, Clark became a member of the United States Energy Security Council, which seeks to diminish oil's monopoly over the United States transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS).
Death
Clark lived near the rural community of Shandon, California, where he built a small chapel in the hills of his ranch. Clark died, a complication from Parkinson's disease, at his home in Shandon on August 10, 2013, at age 81.[5] He is interred at the Shandon Cemetery in Shandon, California.
Observations on national and international relations
As National Security Advisor for Ronald Reagan, Clark frequently consulted with and visited with the three living former presidents, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and Gerald Ford, leaving a briefing book with them on subjects important to them. For Nixon, it was on East-West Relations including the Soviet Union; for Carter, the Middle East, and for Ford, domestic matters. Consulting with predecessors, in the White House and in the Cabinets of either party, was important to Clark's and therefore, Reagan's success. "While I did not always agree with (former National Security Adviser and Secretary of State) Henry Kissinger's views on national security, I had a close relationship with him and would take his call any time of the day or night," Clark said. "Recognizing that the Reagan administration was serving at the height of the Cold War, I would get his opinions as well as other predecessors in national security–at the Pentagon, State Department and, of course, the White House."
Clark was dismayed at the tones of early 21st Century politics in the United States. "There was a lack of contentiousness between the two political parties that I'm afraid does not exist today," Clark said. "That's one of my worries about making government work — there seems to be far less camaraderie now than we've known in the past."[6]
Books
His biography, The Judge: William P. Clark, Ronald Reagan's Top Hand, written by Paul Kengor and Patricia Clark Doerner, was published in 2007 by Ignatius Press.[7]
Philanthropy
Clark was severely injured when he crashed his airplane on his ranch in Shandon, San Luis Obispo County, California, in 1988. He was pulled from the wreck by Jesus Muñoz, his long-time ranch manager. In part due to his gratitude to God for his recovery, he and his family created a chapel on their ranch, and donated the Spanish ceiling of another to the Thomas Aquinas College library in Santa Paula, Ventura County. Each contains ceilings and other features from European buildings, purchased by Clark from the Hearst Corporation, via his close friend George Randolph Hearst Jr. The chapel in Shandon, known locally as Chapel Hill, is open to the public.[8]
The auditorium at Villanova Preparatory School in Ojai, California, was named in honor of Judge Clark, as a distinguished alumnus and in recognition of his gifts to the school.
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Patrick Clark, Jr.. |
- ↑ Kenger, Paul (2007). The Judge: William P. Clark, Ronald Reagan's Top Hand. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-58617-183-4.
- ↑ James G. Watt
- ↑ , November 18, 1987, Retrieved August 10, 2013
- ↑ , January 10, 1993, Retrieved August 10, 2013
- ↑ http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/aug/10/william-clark-former-reagan-security-adviser-dead-/
- ↑ Middlecamp, David. "Reporter". San Luis Obispo, California Telegram-Tribune. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
- ↑ Website about book.
- ↑ Kenger, Paul (2008). The Judge: William P. Clark, Ronald Reagan's Top Hand. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 378.
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Raymond Peters |
Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court 1973–1981 |
Succeeded by Allen Broussard |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Warren Christopher |
United States Deputy Secretary of State 1981–1982 |
Succeeded by Walter Stoessel |
| Preceded by Richard Allen |
National Security Advisor 1982–1983 |
Succeeded by Robert McFarlane |
| Preceded by James Watt |
United States Secretary of the Interior 1983–1985 |
Succeeded by Donald Hodel |
 | ||
