Wood fibre

Wood fibres (also spelled wood fibers, see spelling differences) are usually cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees and used to make materials including paper.

The end paper product (paper, paperboard, tissue, cardboard, etc.) dictates the species, or species blend, that is best suited to provide the desirable sheet characteristics, and also dictates the required fibre processing (chemical treatment, heat treatment, mechanical "brushing" or refining, etc.).

In North America, virgin (non-recycled) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees. The wood fibre can be extracted as a primary product, or collected during the milling of lumber.^[1] Wood fibres can also be recycled from used paper materials.^[2]

Paper

Wood fibres are treated by combining them with other additives which break down the fibres into a spongy mass called pulp. The pulp is then processed, and the ntwork of tiny fibres is pressed flat, becoming paper.

Construction material

Wood fibres can be pressed into hard, flat panels which can be used as a less expensive alternative to wood or plywood in situations not requiring structural strength.^[3]

Hydroculture

Wood fibres can be used as a substrate in hydroponics. Wood wool (i.e. wood slivers) have been a substrate of choice since the earliest days of the hydroponics research.^[4] However, more recent research suggests that wood fibre can have detrimental affects on "plant growth regulators".^[5]

Composites

Wood fibres can be combined with thermoplastics to create strong, waterproof products for outdoor use, such as deck boards or outdoor furniture.^[6]

References

↑ Philip Joseph Burton (2003). Towards Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest. NRC Research Press. pp. 759–. ISBN 978-0-660-18762-4.
↑ Pratima Bajpai (21 November 2013). Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper. Elsevier Science. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-0-12-417169-5.
↑ Sustainable Building - Design Manual: sustainable building design practices. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). 1 January 2004. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-81-7993-053-3.
↑ Gericke, William F. (1940). The Complete Guide to Soilless Gardening (1st ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 38 & 84. ISBN 9781163140499.
↑ Wallheimer, Brian (October 25, 2010). "Rice hulls a sustainable drainage option for greenhouse growers". Purdue University. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
↑ Caroline Baillie (8 March 2005). Green Composites: Polymer Composites and the Environment. CRC Press. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-8493-2576-2.

Paper

History Manufacture/Papermaking

Types	Blotting Bond Construction Cotton Rag Crêpe Display Dó Asphalt Glassine India Korean Kraft Laid Manila Newsprint Oatmeal Onionskin Origami Baking Building Rice Rolling Security Seed Copy Tar Thermal Tissue Tracing Transfer Tree-free Wallpaper Washi Waterproof Wax Wood-free Wove Writing Xuan

Materials	Fiber crop Paper chemicals Papyrus Wood pulp Algal bloom (Shiro alga carta)

Specifications	Grammage Density Size Units of paper quantity Surface chemistry of paper Wet strength

Manufacture and process	Bleaching of wood pulp Calender Conical refiner Deinking Paper pollution Environmental impact of paper Hollander beater Kraft process Organosolv Paper cut Paper machine Paper recycling Soda pulping Sulfite process

Industry	Paper industry In Europe In Canada In India In Japan In the United States Paper mill List of paper mills

Category Commons

Wood products

Lumber/ timber	Batten Beam Bressummer Cruck Flitch beam Flooring Joist Lath Molding Panelling Plank Plate Post Purlin Rafter Railroad ties Reclaimed Shingle Siding Sill Stud Timber truss Treenail Truss Utility pole

Engineered wood	Glued laminated timber veneer LVL parallel strand I-joist Fiberboard hardboard Masonite MDF Oriented strand board Oriented structural straw board Particle board Plywood Structural insulated panel Wood-plastic composite lumber

Fuelwood	Charcoal biochar Firelog Firewood Pellet fuel Wood fuel

Fibers	Cardboard Corrugated fiberboard Paper Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon

Derivatives	Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Lye Methanol Pyroligneous acid Pine tar Pitch Sandalwood oil Tannin Wood gas

By-products	Barkdust Black liquor Ramial chipped wood Sawdust Tall oil Wood flour Wood wool Woodchips

Historical	Axe ties Clapboard Dugout canoe Potash Sawdust brandy Split-rail fence Tanbark Timber framing Wooden masts

See also	Biomass Certified wood Destructive distillation Dry distillation Engineered bamboo Forestry List of woods Mulch Non-timber forest products Papermaking Wood drying Wood preservation Wood processing Woodworking

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