1857 in the United Kingdom

1857 in the United Kingdom:
Other years
1855 \| 1856 \| 1857 \| 1858 \| 1859
Sport
1857 English cricket season

Events from the year 1857 in the United Kingdom. This is a General Election year.

Incumbents

Monarch — Victoria and Navneeth
Prime Minister — The Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)

Events

7 January — London General Omnibus Company begins operating.^[1]
3 March — France and the United Kingdom formally declare war on China in the Second Opium War.
5 March — In London, barrister James Townsend Saward receives a sentence of penal transportation for forging cheques.
27 March–24 April — A General election secures Palmerston's Whigs a clear majority.^[2]
4 April — End of the Anglo-Persian War.
5 May–17 October — The Art Treasures of Great Britain exhibition is held in Manchester, one of the largest such displays of all time.^[3]
10 May — Indian Rebellion: In India, the Mutiny of XI Native Cavalry of the Bengal Army in Meerut, revolt against the British East India Company.^[1]
11 May — Indian combatants capture Delhi from the East India Company.
18 May — British Museum Reading Room opens.^[2]
22 June — The South Kensington Museum, predecessor of the Victoria and Albert Museum, is opened by Queen Victoria in London;^[4] it is the world’s first museum to incorporate a refreshment room.^[5]
25 June — Queen Victoria formally grants her husband Albert the title Prince Consort.^[6]
26 June — At a ceremony in Hyde Park, London, Queen Victoria awards the first sixty-six Victoria Crosses,^[1] for actions during the Crimean War. Commander Henry James Raby, RN, is the first to receive the medal from her hands.
12 July — In Belfast, confrontations between crowds of Catholics and Protestants turn into 10 days of rioting, exacerbated by the open-air preaching of Evangelical Presbyterian minister "Roaring" Hugh Hanna,^[7] with many of the police force joining the Protestant side. There are also riots in Derry, Portadown and Lurgan.^[8]
18 July — Prison hulk HMS Defence catches fire at her moorings off Woolwich, bringing an end to the use of hulks in home waters.^[9]
28 August — Matrimonial Causes Act makes divorce without parliamentary approval legally possible.^[2]
September — Obscene Publications Act makes the sale of obscene material a statutory offence.^[10]
20 September — British forces recapture Delhi,^[2] compelling the surrender of Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor.
24 October — Sheffield F.C., the world's first football team, is founded in Sheffield.^[1]
31 December — Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada.

Undated

Tom Gallaher sets up the Gallaher tobacco business in Ireland.^[11]

Publications

R. M. Ballantyne's novel The Coral Island.
George Borrow's novel The Romany Rye.
Charlotte Brontë's novel The Professor (posthumously, as by 'Currer Bell').
Charles Dickens's novel Little Dorrit (complete in book form).
Elizabeth Gaskell's biography The Life of Charlotte Brontë.
P. H. Gosse's creationist text Omphalos.
Thomas Hughes' novel Tom Brown's Schooldays.^[2]
George A. Lawrence's novel Guy Livingstone, or Thorough (anonymously).^[12]
John Ruskin The Elements of drawing
William Makepeace Thackeray's historical novel The Virginians (begins serialisation).
Anthony Trollope's novel Barchester Towers.^[13]

Births

25 January — Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale, sportsman after whom the brand Lonsdale is named (died 1944)
31 January — George Jackson Churchward, railway engineer (GWR) (died 1933)
12 February — Bobby Peel, cricketer (died 1943)
22 February — Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement (died 1941)
8 April — Lucy, Lady Houston, born Fanny Lucy Radmall, political activist, suffragette, philanthropist and promoter of aviation (died 1936)
14 April — Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, member of the royal family (died 1944)
13 May — Ronald Ross, physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (died 1932)
15 May — Williamina Fleming, astronomer (died 1911)
28 May — Charles Voysey, Arts and Crafts designer and domestic architect (died 1941)
2 June — Edward Elgar, composer (died 1934)
5 November — Joseph Tabrar, songwriter (died 1931)
17 November — George Marchant, inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist (died 1941)
22 November — George Gissing, novelist (died 1903)
27 November — Charles Scott Sherrington, physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1952)
30 November — Bobby Abel, cricketer (died 1936)

Deaths

1 January — John Britton, antiquary and topographer (born 1771)
2 January — Andrew Ure, doctor and writer (born 1778)
10 February — David Thompson, explorer (born 1770)
18 February — Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere, politician (born 1800)
13 March — William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, diplomat and peer (born 1773)
16 May — Sir William Lloyd, soldier and mountaineer (born 1782)
12 August — William Daniel Conybeare, dean of Llandaff (born 1787)
16 August — John Jones, Talysarn, leading non-conformist minister (born 1796)
29 November — Henry Havelock, general (born 1795)
15 December — Sir George Cayley, aviation pioneer (born 1773)
17 December — Francis Beaufort, naval officer and hydrographer (born 1774)

References

1 2 3 4 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
1 2 3 4 5 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 277–278. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
↑ Exhibition of art treasures of the United Kingdom, held at Manchester in 1857: report of the Executive Committee. 1859. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
↑ Sheppard, F.H.W., ed. (1975). Survey of London XXXVIII: The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster. p. 99.
↑ Physick, John (1982). The Victoria and Albert Museum: the History of its Building. Oxford: Phaidon. p. 30.
↑ London Gazette 26 June 1857.
↑ Holmes, Finlay (2004). "Hanna, Hugh (1821–1892)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52699. Retrieved 2012-07-26. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
↑ "Parades and Marches - Chronology 2: Historical Dates and Events". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Retrieved 2010-01-28.
↑ Gossett, William Patrick (1986). The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900. Mansell. p. 114. ISBN 0-7201-1816-6.
↑ "The Obscene Publications Act, 1857". h2g2. BBC. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
↑ Top 100 Companies
↑ Leavis, Q.D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
↑ "Icons, a portrait of England 1840–1860". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-13.

Years in the United Kingdom

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1857 in Europe

Sovereign states	Andorra Austria Baden Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Luxembourg Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Papal States Portugal Prussia Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta

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