1966 FIFA World Cup Final

1966 FIFA World Cup Final

Event	1966 FIFA World Cup
England West Germany 4 2
After extra time
Date	30 July 1966
Venue	Wembley Stadium, London
Referee	Gottfried Dienst (Switzerland)
Attendance	96,924

The 1966 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, the eighth football World Cup and one of the most controversial finals ever.^[1] The match was played by England and West Germany on 30 July 1966 at Wembley Stadium in London, and had an attendance of 96,924.^[2] The British television audience peaked at 32.30 million viewers, making the final the most watched television event ever in the United Kingdom.^[3]

England won 4–2 after extra time to win the Jules Rimet Trophy. The England team became known as the "wingless wonders", on account of their then-unconventional narrow attacking formation, described at the time as a 4–4–2.^[4] The match is remembered for England's only World Cup trophy, Geoff Hurst's hat-trick – the first one ever scored in a World Cup Final – and the controversial third goal awarded to England by referee Gottfried Dienst and linesman Tofiq Bahramov.

Road to Wembley

Both teams were strong throughout the tournament. Each won two and drew one of their three matches in the group stages. England did not concede a goal until their semi-final against Portugal.

England Team Score Venue Round  Uruguay 0–0 Wembley Stadium Group 1  Mexico 2–0 Wembley Stadium Group 1  France 2–0 Wembley Stadium Group 1  Argentina 1–0 Wembley Stadium Quarter-final  Portugal 2–1 Wembley Stadium Semi-final West Germany Team Score Venue Round   Switzerland 5–0 Hillsborough Stadium Group 2  Argentina 0–0 Villa Park Group 2  Spain 2–1 Villa Park Group 2  Uruguay 4–0 Hillsborough Stadium Quarter-final  Soviet Union 2–1 Goodison Park Semi-final

Match

Summary

Normal time

England, managed by Alf Ramsey and captained by Bobby Moore, won the toss and elected to kick off. After 12 minutes, Sigfried Held sent a cross into the English penalty area which Ray Wilson misheaded to Helmut Haller, who got his shot on target. Jackie Charlton and goalkeeper Gordon Banks failed to deal with the shot which went in making it 1–0 to West Germany.

In the 19th minute, Wolfgang Overath conceded a free kick, which Moore took immediately, floating a cross into the West German area, where Geoff Hurst rose unchallenged and levelled the scores with a downward glancing header. The teams were level at half-time, and after 77 minutes England won a corner. Alan Ball delivered the ball to Geoff Hurst whose deflected shot from the edge of the area found Martin Peters. He produced the final shot, beating the West German keeper from eight yards to make the score 2–1 to England.^[5]

Germany pressed for an equaliser in the closing moments, and in the 89th minute Jack Charlton conceded a free kick for climbing on Uwe Seeler as they both went up for a header.^[5] The kick was taken by Lothar Emmerich, who struck it into George Cohen in the wall; the rebound fell to Held, who shot across the face of goal and into the body of Karl-Heinz Schnellinger. The ball deflected across the England six-yard box, wrong-footing the England defence and allowing Wolfgang Weber to level the score at 2–2 and force the match into extra time. Banks protested that the ball had struck Schnellinger on the arm, and reiterated the claim in his 2002 autobiography,^[6] but replays showed that it actually struck Schnellinger on the back.^[5][7]

Extra time

Geoff Hurst's "Wembley Goal"

England pressed forward and created several chances. In particular, with five minutes gone, Bobby Charlton struck the post and sent another shot just wide. With 11 minutes of extra time gone, Alan Ball put in a cross and Geoff Hurst swivelled and shot from close range. The ball hit the underside of the cross bar, bounced down – on the line – and was cleared. The referee Gottfried Dienst was uncertain if it had been a goal and consulted his linesman, Tofiq Bahramov from Azerbaijan in the USSR, who in a moment of drama indicated that it was. After non-verbal communication, as they had no common language, the Swiss referee awarded the goal to the home team. The crowd and the audience of 400 million television viewers were left arguing whether the goal should have been given or not.^[8]

England's third goal has remained controversial ever since the match. According to the Laws of the Game the definition of a goal is when "the whole of the ball passes over the goal line".^[9]

In England, supporters cite the good position of the linesman and the statement of Roger Hunt, the nearest England player to the ball, who claimed it was a goal and that was why he wheeled away in celebration rather than attempting to tap the rebounding ball in.

Modern studies using film analysis and computer simulation show that the ball never crossed the line – both Duncan Gillies of the Visual Information Processing Group at Imperial College London and Ian Reid and Andrew Zisserman of the Department of Engineering Science at University of Oxford agree that the ball would have needed to travel a further 2.5–6.0 cm to fully cross the line, and that therefore it was not a goal.^[10] Furthermore, there exists colour footage of Hurst's goal, taken from another angle by an amateur cameraman in the stands and having a view almost parallel to the English goal line. This film material shows that the ball did not cross the goal line in full.^[11]

Some Germans cited possible bias of the Soviet linesman (Bakhramov was from Azerbaijan),^[12] especially as the USSR had just been defeated in the semi-finals by West Germany.^[13] Bakhramov later stated in his memoirs that he believed the ball had bounced back not from the crossbar, but from the net and that he was not able to observe the rest of the scene, so it did not matter where the ball hit the ground anyway. (An apocryphal story exists that Bakhramov, when asked later why he gave the goal, simply replied "Stalingrad." There is no evidence that this is genuine.) Swiss referee Gottfried Dienst did not see the scene.

Queen Elizabeth II presented England captain Bobby Moore with the FIFA World Cup trophy (Jules Rimet).

One minute before the end of play, the West Germans sent their defenders forward in a desperate attempt to score a last-minute equaliser. Winning the ball, Bobby Moore picked out the unmarked Geoff Hurst with a long pass, which Hurst carried forward while some spectators began streaming onto the field and Hurst scored moments later. Hurst later admitted that his blistering shot was as much intended to send the ball as far into the Wembley stands as possible should it miss, in order to kill time on the clock.^[14]

The final goal gave rise to one of the most famous sayings in English football, when BBC commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme described the situation as follows:

"And here comes Hurst. He's got... some people are on the pitch, they think it's all over. It is now! It's four!".^[15]

One of the balls from the final is now on display in the National Football Museum in Manchester.

Details

England  v  West Germany

30 July 1966 15:00 BST

England	4–2 (a.e.t.)	West Germany
Hurst  18', 101', 120' Peters  78'	Report	Haller  12' Weber  89'

Wembley Stadium, London Attendance: 96,924 Referee: Gottfried Dienst (Switzerland)

England

West Germany

GK 1 Gordon Banks RB 2 George Cohen CB 5 Jack Charlton CB 6 Bobby Moore (c) LB 3 Ray Wilson DM 4 Nobby Stiles RM 7 Alan Ball AM 9 Bobby Charlton LM 16 Martin Peters  20' CF 10 Geoff Hurst CF 21 Roger Hunt Manager: Alf Ramsey

GK 1 Hans Tilkowski RB 2 Horst-Dieter Höttges CB 5 Willi Schulz CB 6 Wolfgang Weber LB 3 Karl-Heinz Schnellinger CM 4 Franz Beckenbauer CM 12 Wolfgang Overath RF 8 Helmut Haller CF 9 Uwe Seeler (c) CF 10 Sigfried Held LF 11 Lothar Emmerich Manager: Helmut Schön

Champions photograph and statue

The World Cup Sculpture featuring Moore with the World Cup trophy, on the shoulders of Geoff Hurst and Ray Wilson, together with Martin Peters

One of the enduring images of the celebrations in Wembley immediately after the game was the picture of the captain Bobby Moore holding the Jules Rimet Trophy aloft, on the shoulders of Geoff Hurst and Ray Wilson, together with Martin Peters. In recognition of Moore and other West Ham United players' contribution to the win, the club and Newham Borough Council jointly commissioned a statue of this scene. On 28 April 2003 Prince Andrew as president of The Football Association, duly unveiled the World Cup Sculpture (also called The Champions) in a prominent place near West Ham's ground, at the time, the Boleyn Ground, at the junction of Barking Road and Green Street. The 4 metres (13 ft) high bronze piece was sculpted by Philip Jackson.^[16][17]

Cultural impact

Replica of the English shirt for the final

The final is the most watched event ever on British television, as of January 2012, attracting 32.30 million viewers.^[3] In Germany, a goal resulting from a shot bouncing off the crossbar and hitting the line is called a Wembley-Tor (Wembley Goal) due to the controversial nature of Hurst's second goal. This goal has been parodied a large number of times. Some of the most notable include:

• England's third goal was referenced in a 2006 Adidas advertisement, where English midfielder Frank Lampard takes a shot at German keeper Oliver Kahn, and a similar event happens. On 27 June 2010 at that year's World Cup a goal by Lampard was disallowed which would have levelled the second-round game against Germany 2–2 (Germany won 4–1).
• Kenneth Wolstenholme's commentary on the third goal that bounced on the line, "It's a goal!" was used (along with the sound of breaking glass) in the tape-looped coda of an early version of The Beatles song "Glass Onion", available on the album Anthology 3.^[18]
• Kit Kat parodied the controversial third goal in an advert for the Kit Kat bar. The goal is scored and the linesman was shown about to eat a Kit Kat bar as opposed to following the game. Upon realising that a possible goal has been scored, he hastily stuffs the bar into his mouth and awards the goal.

In August 1966 a special 4d stamp marked ENGLAND WINNERS was issued by the Royal Mail to celebrate the victory and which soared in value to up to 15 shillings each on the back of public enthusiasm for the victory before falling back in value when the public realised it was not rare.

The 1991 BBC miniseries Sleepers, about a pair of deep-cover KGB agents placed in England in the mid-1960s and then forgotten includes a subplot about an archive film of the match recorded by Soviet agents and then placed in archives. A KGB officer who sees the film in the early 1990s is excited to discover it includes footage of the disputed goal and attempts to sell it to a contact at a television network (pointedly described as not the BBC). Sleepers is coy about what the film depicts and in the course of the story, the film is destroyed.

Marking the 50th anniversary of England's World Cup victory in July 2016, ITV broadcast 1966 - A Nation Remembers, which was narrated by the actor Terence Stamp who attended every England game at the tournament.^[19]

England's win in the final also helped fans to create the "Two World Wars and One World Cup" chant.^[13]

2009 receipt of winners medals

The players and staff of England's winning squad who did not get medals in 1966 received them on 10 June 2009 after a ceremony at 10 Downing Street in London. Initially, only the 11 players on the pitch at the end of the match received medals, but FIFA later awarded medals to every non-playing squad and staff member from every World Cup-winning country from 1930 to 1974.^[20]

See also

• England–Germany football rivalry
• Ghost goal

References