Brisbane City Hall

Brisbane City Hall
Brisbane City Hall (view from King George Square)
General information
Architectural style	Italian Renaissance
Location	King George Square, Brisbane
Address	Adelaide Street, Brisbane City, Queensland
Coordinates	27°28′08″S 153°01′25″E / 27.46885°S 153.023602°E / -27.46885; 153.023602Coordinates: 27°28′08″S 153°01′25″E / 27.46885°S 153.023602°E / -27.46885; 153.023602
Construction started	29 July 1920
Inaugurated	8 April 1930
Renovated	6 April 2013
Cost	A£1,000,000
Owner	Brisbane City Council
Height	91 m
Technical details
Floor count	3
Design and construction
Architect	Thomas Ramsay Hall George Gray Prentice
Architecture firm	Hall & Prentice
Structural engineer	Russell John McWilliam Freney & Davidson
Other designers	Bruce Dellit, Peter Kaad, Emil Sodersten, Noel Wilson
Main contractor	Arthur Midson D.D. Carrick
Renovating team
Architect	Megan Jones, Scott MacArthur
Website
www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/cityhall

Brisbane City Hall, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is the seat of the Brisbane City Council. It is located adjacent to King George Square, where the rectangular City Hall has its main entrance.^[1] The City Hall also has frontages and entrances in both Ann Street and Adelaide Street. The building is considered one of Brisbane's finest^[2] and is registered on the Register of the National Estate since 1978.

The building has been used for royal receptions, pageants, orchestral concerts, civic greetings, flower shows, school graduations and political meetings.

In 2009, it was discovered that the building suffered from severe structural problems. After a three-year restoration, the building was re-opened on 6 April 2013.

History

The City Hall was once the tallest building in Brisbane (see external links below for image from 1957). The building was designed by the firm Hall and Prentice, in association with four young New South Wales Architects: Bruce Dellit,^[3] Peter Kaad, Emil Sodersten^[4] and Noel Wilson.

Choosing a site

Although there was a strong desire to construct a new city hall, there were many years of debating the best location for it. Charles Moffatt Jenkinson, the mayor of Brisbane in 1914, is credited with having finalised the decision to construct the city hall at Albert Square (now known as King George Square), by selling the alternative site in Fortitude Valley to the Catholic Church who proposed to construct the Holy Name Cathedral on that site.^[5][6]

Laying the foundations

The (second) foundation laying ceremony, 29 July 1920

The first foundation stone was laid on Saturday 3 February 1917 by Queensland Governor (Major Sir Hamilton J. Goold-Adams) in advance of the building's construction. The stone was placed facing Albert Square (now King George Square). At the time there were no plans for the new building.^[7] The stone was hollowed to allow a time capsule to be placed within it. The time capsule was a zinc cylinder; it contained:^{[8] [9]}

• copies of the Brisbane daily newspapers
• copy of the Proclamation of the Incorporation of the City
• a copy of the minutes of the first meeting of the City Council
• a copy of the minutes of the meeting at which the council resolved to lay this foundation stone
• one of each of the current coins of the realm
• a message of good wishes from the Governor

However, it was later found to be out of alignment, and it was removed. In 1935, it was claimed that the stone was in a Brisbane City Council depot in Macrossan Street.^[10] However, in 1954, it was claimed that the original foundation stone was lost as it was believed to have been used as part of a building's foundations.^[11]

Brisbane City Hall's 1920 foundation stone

The second (and current) foundation stone was laid on 29 July 1920 by Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII / Duke of Windsor),^[7] with an opal encrusted 18ct gold and trowel, designed by Peter Kaad.^[12]

The site was swampy and contained a creek. Pumping was needed to keep the site dry. Construction operations began in 1924.^[7] One man died as he was inspecting the construction site.^[7]

Opening

Brisbane City Hall around 1930.

Plaque commemorating the opening of Brisbane City Hall in 1930

Brisbane City Hall was opened in 1930 by Queensland Governor (Sir John Goodwin).^[9] The building was officially opened on 8 April 1930 by Lord Mayor of Brisbane William Jolly.^[2] However it had been partially occupied since 1927.^[13] In 1969 the council commenced the acquisition of the properties to the south of the City Hall, and in 1975 opened the Brisbane Administration Centre (or BAC), a 20-floor tower and surrounding plaza. Most of the Council's offices then moved from the City hall to the BAC. The Council Chambers (located on the Adelaide Street side of the building), Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor's offices remain however in City Hall.

1980s restoration

In the 1980s work commenced on the full-scale restoration of the building, opening up the side entrance vestibules and restoring a number of the reception rooms to their original design. These reception rooms are named for former local government areas subsumed into Greater Brisbane in 1925, such as the Sherwood Room, or the Ithaca Room. From 2003 the Museum of Brisbane (which has galleries positioned on both sides of the building's entrance from King George Square) has replaced administration offices.

Organ

The 4,600 pipes organ was built in 1892 by Henry Willis & Sons Organ Builders in Liverpool, UK, for the Brisbane Exhibition Building at Bowen Park. It remained in the Exhibition Concert Hall until it was moved to the Brisbane City Hall in 1927. The City Hall's first organ recital was held in 1929. The organ concert held on 14 November 2009 celebrated the 80th anniversary of the organ installation in the Brisbane City Hall but was also the last organ recital before the commencement of the restoration. When City Hall closed on 31 December 2009, the organ was totally dismantled and removed from the building for storage. It is planned that the organs will return to the hall three years later.^[14]

2010–2012 restoration

Brisbane City Hall was built on swampy ground; This has caused the iconic building to start sinking.^[15] Serious problems have been identified with the building, including: subsidence, concrete cancer, a lack of reinforcing in the concrete and old wiring. The Brisbane City Council has set up a taskforce to address these issues, raise awareness, co-ordinate restoration and fundraise. The Brisbane City Hall closed on 31 December 2009, for the three-year restoration project.^[14][16]

To undergo large scale restoration works, Brisbane City Hall was closed until April 2013. The restoration works involved replacement of all building services (electrical, mechanical, fire, hydraulic systems etc.), structural works to building interiors, dome and auditorium and conservation of the original heritage surfaces and building façade. The grand organs were removed from the building for the duration of the building works.^[17]

The Brisbane City Hall was officially reopened to the public on Saturday, 6 April 2013 following a re-dedication ceremony and celebrations.^[18] The renovation cost $215 million.

Design and construction

The clock tower of Brisbane City Hall
is 91 m (298 ft) high.

Brisbane City Hall's façade lit up at night

The building was designed according to the Italian Renaissance style, symmetrical and formal.^[13] It has three floors and a partial basement. The total cost of the project including furniture, fitout and furnishing was A£1,000,000.^[13] Chariot statues included in the original plans were discarded to save costs.^[7]

The columns supporting the tympanum are of the Corinthian order while the columns extending on either side are of the Ionic order.^[2][13] Lions heads are found above these columns. Above the main entrance is a bronze awning and the doors are also made of bronze.^[1]

Clock tower

Brisbane City Hall has an imposing 70 m clock tower (rising 91 m above ground level),^[2] based on the design of the St Mark's Campanile in Venice, Italy. The four clock faces on each side of the tower are the largest in Australia. Each clock face is 5m in diameter, the hour hands are 5f 6in, and the minute hands are 3m long. The clock has Westminster Chimes, which sound on the quarter-hour, and can be heard from the Queen St Mall and, at times, in the surrounding suburbs. Above the clocks is an observation platform, open to the public and accessible by lift between 10:15 am and 4:45 pm seven days a week, free. For many years this afforded spectacular views of Brisbane, but since the relaxation of height limits for surrounding buildings in the late 1960s, the view is now somewhat restricted.

Auditorium

The centre of City Hall features a stunning auditorium, based on the Pantheon, Rome, and several smaller reception rooms. The auditorium is a large circular hall that can seat up to 2,500 people and is covered by a large copper dome. Beneath this dome there are 8,500 L.E.D lights that display a light show.^[1] When originally built it was intended that the building would house most of the Council's administrative offices, Aldermen's (councillors') offices, the Council Chamber, a public library and several reception rooms, in addition to the auditorium. As the role of local government increased in the 1950s and 1960s, the reception rooms, hallways and side entrance vestibules (in Adelaide and Ann Streets) were converted to office space. Additional offices were constructed on the roof and in the basement.

Construction Material

The building is constructed of concrete, brick and steel, with a base of Camp Mountain Granite. The granite was extracted by the first builder, Arthur Midson, from his quarry at Camp Mountain near Samford. This deposit was worked just for the City Hall project. Above Midson's granite base courses, the east, north and west sides are clad in Helidon Freestone, a type of sandstone extracted from Wright's Quarry at Helidon.^[7][19] The sandstone cladding was constructed (together with the rest of the building) by builder Douglas Dunn Carrick. The clock tower has a steel framework, and is clad in the same sandstone. The interior includes two marble columns that support an arch above a ground marble staircase.^[1] Granite for the ground floor and basement was sourced from Enoggera.^[7]

Sculptures

Pediment

Daphne Mayo's tympanum above the King George Square entrance to the Brisbane City Hall

The sculptured pediment above the portico and entrance, known as the tympanum, was carved by noted Brisbane sculptor Daphne Mayo in the early 1930s.^[1] There is some controversy surrounding the theme of the tympanum, which depicts the settlement of Queensland.^[13] The gown-clad female figure in the centre depicts "progress" or "enlightenment", while settlers with their cattle and explorers with their horses, move out from under her protecting arms to claim the land from the indigenous people and native animals, who are represented by two aboriginal males crouching in the left hand corner, and a fleeing kangaroo. To the right corner one can see a young European male and female, adjoined by a sheep and a row of books and an artist's palette representing the new European nation, agriculture and civilisation. The tympanum measures 16.5 m long with a height of 3 m at its centre.^[13] The sculpture was unveiled eight months after the building was officially opened.^[7]

Statue of King George V
at Brisbane City Hall

Side view of the two Lion sculptures

King George V and lions

The bronze lion sculptures and statue of King George V, in front of the King George Square façade of Brisbane City Hall, were initially part of the King George V memorial, which was unveiled in 1938 as a tribute to the King from the citizens of Brisbane. In 2007, the lions, modelled on the bronze lions of Trafalgar Square, London, and the statue, were removed for renovations to the Square. They were re-incorporated into the newly redeveloped King George Square in 2009.

The Petrie family

An accompanying bronze work to complement the King George V pediment sculpture, based on the life of the pioneering Brisbane family, the Petrie's (famously of Brisbane's First Mayor John Petrie), known as the Petrie Tableau, also has been removed due to renovations at the square.

Petrie Tableau, removed during redevelopment work

King George Square

The City Hall faces King George Square, named in honour of King George V. Originally this area, between Ann and Adelaide Streets, was much narrower than at present and was called Albert Square.^[7] In the late 1960s premises on the square opposite the City Hall were acquired by the City Council, demolished and the area levelled to form a larger square. The creation of the enlarged square was criticised in some quarters as it resulted in the removal of the original imposing flight of stone stairs in front of the building, when the ground level in front of the City Hall was raised to the level of the main entrance.^[20][21] When Albert Square was redeveloped into King George Square, the existing fountain at Albert Square was relocated to Wynnum.

King George Square is a popular place for public gatherings, rallies and protest marches. As part of the Inner-Northern Busway project, King George Square has been remodelled.

Forme del Mito

Forme del Mito, a collection of large bronze thematic sculptured works by renowned Italian artist Arnaldo Pomodoro, one of the more prominent works of art collected for and displayed at Brisbane's Expo '88, previously took pride of place in King George Square. In 2007, they were removed for renovation to take place. They are now situated at the foot of Jacob's Ladder, at the entrance to Wickham Terrace.

2008/2009 developments

King George Square, in front of the Brisbane City Hall, redevelopment included a new re-modelled public plaza, restaurants, gift shops and a stage. It was completed in October 2009,^[22] for the 150th Anniversary of Brisbane as State Capital of Queensland,

It is also the site of the new underground King George Square busway station, linking the Queen Street bus station with the Roma Street Station and the northern suburbs.

Current use

Following the 2010–2012 redevelopment, City Hall's role is primarily to support public gatherings. Although it was the major Brisbane venue for classical concerts and arts events for decades, hosting such singers as Richard Tauber and Peter Dawson. In addition to the main auditorium, reception rooms that had been converted to administration spaces over the years have been restored to their original purpose. An industrial kitchen installed in the basement during the renovations provides catering support for events; previously external caterers had to be used, however now City Hall is managed on behalf of Brisbane City Council by EPICURE. Functions, concerts and Events can still be hosted by contacting EPICURE direct.

The Museum of Brisbane is now relocated into a purpose-built facility on the rooftop.^[23] In addition to a changing program of exhibitions, the museum also operates tours of the building and tours of the clock tower.^[24][25]

There are two privately operated cafes in City Hall, the Red Cross Cafe and the Shingle Inn. The Shingle Inn cafe was originally not part of City Hall but was located in Edward Street and was demolished as part of the Queen's Plaza development. However, the iconic interior fittings of the Shingle Inn Cafe were removed and put into storage, allowing it to be reconstructed within the City Hall.^[26]

The only administrative functions remaining in the city hall are the suite of offices for the Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brisbane City Hall.

• Google Earth placemark showing location of the Camp Mountain granite quarry. (Google Earth is needed to view this placemark.)
• "Brisbane City Hall (Place ID 8360)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment.