Diabulimia

Diabulimia (a portmanteau of diabetes and bulimia) refers to an eating disorder in which people with Type 1 diabetes deliberately give themselves less insulin than they need, for the purpose of weight loss. Diabulimia is not currently recognized as a formal diagnosis by the medical or psychiatric communities. However, the phrases “disturbed eating behavior” or “disordered eating behavior” (DEB in both cases), or disordered eating (DE) are quite common in medical and psychiatric literature which addresses the condition of patients who have Type 1 diabetes and who also intentionally manipulate insulin doses to control weight along with bulimic behavior.

Symptoms

A person with diabulimia, especially if not treated early, can suffer negative effects on the body earlier than one who is managing properly. Of diabetics who have a DEB, some intentionally misuse insulin as a means to control weight.[1][2][3]

Suspension of insulin, combined with overeating and resulting in ketoacidosis. Multiple hospitalizations for ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia are cues to screen for an underlying emotional conflict.[4][5]

Short term

These are the short term symptoms of patients with diabulimia

Medium term

These are the medium term symptoms of patients with diabulimia. They are prevalent when diabulimia has not been treated and hence also includes the short term symptoms

Long term

If a person with Type 1 diabetes who has diabulimia suffers from the disease for more than a short time—usually due to alternating phases during which insulin is injected properly, and relapses, during which they have diabulimia—then the following longer-term symptoms can be expected:

Often, people with Type 1 diabetes who omit insulin injections will have already been diagnosed with an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa These individuals are often not aware that diabulimia is more common than they think and is also very difficult to overcome. Unlike anorexia and bulimia, diabulimia sometimes requires the afflicted individual to stop caring for a medical condition. Unlike vomiting or starving, there is sometimes no clear action or willpower involved. Diabulimia may be more appealing to individuals who want to lose weight.

Many articles and studies further conclude that diabetic females have, on average, higher body mass index (BMI) than do their nondiabetic counterparts. Girls and young adult woman with higher BMIs are also shown to be more likely to have disordered eating behavior (DEB).[7][8] Many authoritative articles have been published which show that preteen and teenage girls with Type 1 diabetes have significantly higher rates of eating disorders of all types than do girls without diabetes.[4][9][10][11] This condition can be triggered or exacerbated by the need for diabetics to exercise constant vigilance in regard to food, weight and glycemic control. In adolescent females, increased weight gain that insulin treatment can cause may play roles in the increased risk for onset of anorexia and/or bulimia.

Treatment

There are no specific guidelines for the treatment of diabetes and disordered eating, but the standard approach for treatment of two complex conditions as multidisciplinary team of professionals which in this case could include an endocrinologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, dietician, etc.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne PHD; Patterson, Joan PHD; Mellin, Alison PHD; Ackard, Diann M. PHD; Utter, Jennifer MPH; Story, Mary PHD & Sockalosky, Joseph MD (2002). "Weight Control Practices and Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Adolescent Females and Males With Type 1 Diabetes" (PDF). DiabetesCare.com. 25 (8): 1289–96. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1289. PMID 12145223.
  2. ↑ Alemzadeh, R., MD & Wyatt., MD (2007). "Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics" (18th ed.). ISBN 978-1-4160-5622-5.
  3. ↑ Jones J, Lawson ML, Daneman D, Olmsted MP, Rodin G (2000). "Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: cross sectional study". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 320 (JUN 10): 1563–1566. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7249.1563. PMC 27398Freely accessible. PMID 10845962.
  4. 1 2 Alemzadeh, R., MD & Wyatt., MD (2007). "Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics" (18th ed.). ISBN 978-1-4160-5622-5.
  5. ↑ Jancin, Bruce, Best treatment unclear for disordered eating in type 1 diabetes, 2008 (2008). "Best treatment unclear for disordered eating in type 1 diabetes". MDConsult.
  6. ↑ http://www.docstoc.com/docs/109554385/How-to-Distinguish-Depression-and-Diabulimia. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Domargard A, Sarnblad S, Kroon M, Karlsson I, Skeppner G, Aman J (1999). "Increased prevalence of overweight in adolescent girls with type I diabetes mellitus". Acta Paediatr. 88 (11): 1223–1228. doi:10.1080/080352599750030329. PMID 10591423.
  8. ↑ Colton, P. A.; Olmsted, M. P.; Daneman, D.; Rydall, A. C.; Rodin, G. M. (2007). "Five-Year Prevalence and Persistence of Disturbed Eating Behavior and Eating Disorders in Girls With Type 1 Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 30 (11): 2861–2862. doi:10.2337/dc07-1057. PMID 17698613.
  9. ↑ Colton, P. A.; Olmsted, M. P.; Daneman, D.; Rydall, A. C.; Rodin, G. M. (2007). "Five-Year Prevalence and Persistence of Disturbed Eating Behavior and Eating Disorders in Girls With Type 1 Diabetes.". Diabetes Care. 30 (11): 2861–2862. doi:10.2337/dc07-1057. PMID 17698613.
  10. ↑ Nielsen S (2002). "Eating disorders in females with type 1 diabetes: an update of a meta-analysis. European Eating Disorders Review". European Eating Disorders Review. 10 (4): 241. doi:10.1002/erv.474.
  11. ↑ Jones J, Lawson ML, Daneman D, Olmsted MP, Rodin G (2000). "Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: cross sectional study". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 320 (JUN 10): 1563–1566. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7249.1563. PMC 27398Freely accessible. PMID 10845962.

External links

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