Ein Siniya
Ein Siniya | |
---|---|
Other transcription(s) | |
• Arabic | عين سينيا |
• Also spelled |
'Ayn Sinya (official) Ayn Siniya (unofficial) |
Ein Siniya Location of Ein Siniya within the Palestinian territories | |
Coordinates: 31°58′21″N 35°13′47″E / 31.97250°N 35.22972°ECoordinates: 31°58′21″N 35°13′47″E / 31.97250°N 35.22972°E | |
Palestine grid | 171/153 |
Governorate | Ramallah & al-Bireh |
Government | |
• Type | Local Development Committee |
Area (1945) | |
• Jurisdiction | 2,404 dunams (2.4 km2 or 0.9 sq mi) |
Population (2007) | |
• Jurisdiction | 711 |
Name meaning | "The spring of Sinya"[1] |
Ein Siniya (Arabic: عين سينيا, ‘Ayn Sîniyâ) is a small Palestinian village of over 700 people in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) north of Ramallah,[2] and a mile northeast from Jifna.[3] It lies in a valley surrounded with olive and fig-terraces.[4]
History
Numerous rock-cut tombs have been found around the village.[5]
Clermont-Ganneau identified Ein Siniya with Biblical Jeshanah and Isana of Josephus, but modern authors place that at Kh. el-Burn.[6] Ein Siniya has usually been identified as the Crusader village Aineseins, which was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.[7][8][9][10] However, C. N. Johns, writing in 1939, thought that Aineseins was located by Tel Beit Shemesh.[11]
Claude Reignier Conder and Herbert Kitchener wrote in 1882 that a small Crusader fort appeared to have been situated there,[4] however, this has not been verified by later sources.[11]
Ottoman era
During Palestine's rule by the Ottoman Empire (16th-19th centuries), Ein Siniya was located in the sheikhdom of Bani Zeid, in the Jerusalem Sanjak. In 1556, it was the smallest village in the sheikhdom, having under ten households.[12] Potsherds from the early Ottoman period have been found.[13] In the Ottoman census of 1596, Ein Siniya was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jerusalem, which was under the administration of the Jerusalem Sanjak. The village had a population of 12 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats.[14]
Prior to the 1834 peasants' revolt, Ein Siniya belonged to the Bani Murrah tribe. After the revolt, the sheikhs were appointed by Ibrahim Pasha.[15] In 1838, Biblical scholar Edward Robinson found the village to be surrounded with vineyards and fruit-trees. There were also gardens of vegetables, watered from a well.[16] In 1870, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he found to have two hundred inhabitants.[17] An Ottoman village list from about the same year (1870) showed 57 houses and a population of 218, though the population count included men only.[18]
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Ain Sinia as a small village, but of "undoubted antiquity."[4] Early in the 20th century, Ain Sinya was "practically" the property of a wealthy Arab native of Jerusalem who influenced authorities to build a carriage road next to Ein Siniya to benefit the village.[3] In 1907 the population was Muslim.[3] At the same time it was noted that Ein Siniya, unlike other Arab villages in the area, grew mulberry and walnut trees in abundance instead of olive or fig groves.[3]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the population numbered 114,[19] increasing in the 1931 census to 288, in 59 inhabited houses. 15 villagers were Christian, the rest Muslim.[20]
In 1945 Ein Siniya had a population of 330 inhabitants; 310 Muslims and 20 Christians,[21] and a total land area of 2,724 dunams, most of which was Arab-owned. Its built-up area consisted of 21 dunams,[22] while 2,404 dunams were cultivated.[23] 1,856 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, and 548 for cereals.[24]
Modern era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ein Siniya came under Jordanian rule.
After the Six-Day War in 1967, Ein Siniya has been under Israeli occupation. Much of the population fled during the war and only by 1982 did the population reach roughly what it was in 1945, 333. It grew to 482 in 1987,[2] and then 533 in the census carried out by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) a decade later. The main cause of the growth of Ein Siniya, which was nearly empty after the 1967 war, was an influx of Palestinian refugees, who by 1997 constituted over half of the population (52.3%).[25] According to the PCBS, Ein Siniya had a population of 702 in 2004, rising to 753 in mid-year 2006.[26] In the 2007 PCBS census, there were 711 people living in the town.[27]
'Ein Siniya residents are from several families, mainly the Samhan, Ma'alla, Khater, Abu al Hajj, Dar Ali, Abu ash Sheikh, Bazrooq, Mousa and Al Hallaq families ('Ein Siniya Village Council, 2011).
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 224
- 1 2 Welcome to 'Ayn Siniya Palestine Remembered.
- 1 2 3 4 Grant, 1921, p. 223.
- 1 2 3 Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 291
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 302
- ↑ Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, pp. 290 -294; cited in Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
- ↑ de Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Aessens, p.263: Aineseins, both cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74
- ↑ Rey, 1883, p. 376
- ↑ Röhricht, 1887, p. 205; cited in Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
- 1 2 Pringle, 1997, p. 20
- ↑ Singer, 1994, p. 77
- ↑ Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 554
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 117
- ↑ Macalister and Masterman, 1905, p. 354
- ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 80
- ↑ Guérin, 1875, p. 38
- ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 143
- ↑ Barron, 1922, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramalllah, p. 16
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 49
- ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64.
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
- ↑ Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
- ↑ Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
- ↑ 2007 PCBS Census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.113.
Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ein Siniya. |
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Clermont-Ganneau, Charles Simon (1896). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. 2. London: Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Finkelstein, Israel; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). Highlands of many cultures. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. ISBN 965-440-007-3.
- Grant, Elihu (1921). The People of Palestine. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
- Guérin, Victor (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Macalister, R. A. Stewart; Masterman, E. W. G. (1905). "Occasional Papers on the Modern inhabitants of Palestine, part I & part II". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 37: 343–356.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Rey, Emmanuel Guillaume (1883). Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles (in French). Paris: A. Picard.
- Robinson, Edward; Smith, Eli (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Pringle, Denys (1997). Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter. Cambridge University Press.
- Röhricht, R. (1887). "Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 10: 195–344.
- Röhricht, Reinhold (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- de Roziére, ed. (1849). Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican (in Latin and French). Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
- Singer, Amy (1994). Palestinian Peasants and Ottoman Officials: Rural Administration Around Sixteenth-Century Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47679-8.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- Suad Amiry, Nazmi Al-Jubeh, Andrea Bräuning, Jürgen Frick: Das „Museum of Memory” in Ain Sinya. Beispiel für die Denkmalpflege in Palästina. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg, 32 (2003), vol. 4, pp. 345–353 (PDF)
External links
- Welcome To 'Ayn Siniya
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Ein Siniya, factsheet, Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Ein Siniya, Village profile, Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Ein Sinya, aerial photo, Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Locality Development Priorities and Needs in 'Ein Siniya Village, Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)