Eric Willis

The Honourable
Sir Eric Willis
KBE, CMG
34th Premier of New South Wales
Elections: 1976
In office
23 January 1976 – 14 May 1976
Monarch Elizabeth II
Governor Sir Roden Cutler
Deputy Leon Punch
Preceded by Tom Lewis
Succeeded by Neville Wran
Minister for Education
In office
19 June 1972 – 23 January 1976
Premier Robert Askin
Tom Lewis
Preceded by Sir Charles Cutler
Succeeded by Neil Pickard
24th Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales
In office
14 May 1976 – 16 December 1977
Deputy John Maddison
Preceded by Neville Wran
Succeeded by Peter Coleman
Member of the New South Wales Parliament
for Earlwood
In office
17 June 1950 – 16 June 1978
Preceded by New district
Succeeded by Ken Gabb
Personal details
Born (1922-01-15)15 January 1922
Murwillumbah, New South Wales
Died 10 May 1999(1999-05-10) (aged 77)
Sydney, New South Wales
Political party Liberal Party of Australia
Relations Max Willis
Awards Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
Military service
Allegiance Australia
Service/branch Australian Army
Years of service 1941–1958
Rank Major
Unit Intelligence Corps
Citizen Military Forces
Battles/wars

Second World War

Sir Eric Archibald Willis KBE, CMG (15 January 1922 – 10 May 1999) was an Australian politician, Cabinet Minister and the 34th Premier of New South Wales, serving from 23 January 1976 to 14 May 1976. Born in Murwillumbah in 1922, Willis was educated at Murwillumbah High School and the University of Sydney, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts with double honours. Enlisting during the Second World War, Willis served on the homefront and later served in New Guinea and the Philippines. He continued to serve the Citizen Military Forces until 1958.[1]

After serving a period as a geographer, Willis was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Earlwood in 1950. He rose to become a long-serving Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 1959 to 1975 under Robert Askin. When the Coalition won the 1965 election, Willis was made a Minister of the Crown as Chief Secretary, Minister for Labour and Industry, Tourism and Sport but rose to prominence in his role as Minister for Education from 1972 to 1976. When Askin retired in 1975, Willis failed in his attempts to succeed him.[1]

Following the ousting of Askin's successor, Tom Lewis, by the party, Willis was elected as the Parliamentary Leader of the Liberal Party and subsequently became Premier. However, after only four months in office, his Liberal/National Country Party Coalition was defeated at the 1976 election by the Labor Party under Neville Wran. Continuing as Leader of the Opposition, Willis resigned in 1977 and retired from politics a year later.[1] Thereafter he served in various organisations and directorships until his death in May 1999.[2]

Early life

Willis was born in January 1922 in Murwillumbah, New South Wales, the first son of Archibald Clarence Willis (1893–1975), a butter factory hand and First World War veteran, and his wife, Vida Mabel Buttenshaw (1894–1984).[2] His younger brother was NSW Legislative Council Member and President, Max Willis.[1] He was educated at Tyalgum Public School and then at Murwillumbah High School, at which he was Dux of his year and won a scholarship to study Arts at the University of Sydney.[1]

He received a Bachelor of Arts with double honours in Modern History and Geography (BA (Hons)) from Sydney University in 1942.[2] He served in the Second Australian Imperial Force from 1941 to 1946 in Army Intelligence in New Guinea and Philippines during the Second World War ending the war with the rank of Sergeant. He remained in the military after demobilisation, being discharged from the regular military on 3 June 1946.[3] He continued to serve in the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) from 1946, achieving the rank of major in 1948, until retiring in 1958. He married Norma Dorothy Thompson on 11 May 1951[4] and they had a daughter and two sons. Willis was employed as a senior geographer and investigation officer for Cumberland County Council[5]

Political career

Willis on his election as Deputy Leader in July 1959.

Willis joined the newly formed Liberal Party of Australia in 1945, after hearing a speech by Sir Robert Menzies.[6] He sought preselection for the federal seat of Evans in the 1949 federal election but was defeated in favour of Frederick Osborne.[1] Instead, he gained preselection for and contested the Labor seat of Lang and gained 45.3 per cent of the vote but was defeated by the sitting member, Dan Mulcahy.[1]

At the June 1950 state election, at the age of 28, Willis was elected to the newly created Legislative Assembly seat of Earlwood, in the inner southwestern suburbs of Sydney, becoming the youngest Member of Parliament.[7] He gained the seat with 55.53% against a single Labor candidate.[8] He soon gained a reputation as rebel in the House, always attacking the Labor Speakers, and consequently being expelled from the house more than any other member.[6] At the February 1953 election, Willis narrowly retained his seat with 50.33%,[9] but at the following 1956 election, he increased his margin to 58.04%.[10]

During his time as member for Earlwood, Willis catered to the changing demographics of his electorate by creating the first-ever Greek branch of the Liberal Party and formed the first Young Liberals branch in Australia, which counted among its recruits future Prime Minister John Howard (1996–2007).[6] Following the 1959 election, at which Willis retained his seat with 58.43%,[11] the Liberal leadership was vacated by Pat Morton. Willis declined to run for the leadership and Deputy Leader Robert Askin was made Leader. Willis then ran unopposed and subsequently became Deputy Leader.[6] At the March 1962 election, despite losing the election, Willis went on to retain his seat for a fifth time with 57.26%.[12]

Minister of the Crown

In 1965, the May general election ended 24 years of Labor government and began Willis's ministerial career, which spanned the entire length of the Coalition Government. After retaining his seat again with 59.95%,[13] he was appointed to the post of Chief Secretary and Minister for Tourism by Premier Askin in May 1965 to June 1972.[2] Willis was appointed Minister for Labour and Industry from 1965 to March 1971 and during that same time he was also Minister for Sport. From June 1972 to January 1976 he was Minister for Education, where he presided over a huge expansion of schools, teachers and ancillary staff. Willis served as a Fellow of University of Sydney Senate in 1972. Willis was regarded as the outstanding minister of the Askin Government and is considered one of the state's greatest Education Ministers.[6] For his service as Minister, Willis was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) on 15 June 1974.[14]

Premier

Upon Askin's retirement in January 1975, Willis was seen as the favourite to take the premiership. However, despite Askin's initial support, Willis refused his help, preferring to gain the leadership on his own merits. Askin then put his support behind the Minister for Lands, Tom Lewis.[15] Willis, sure he had support, refused to campaign, and the party put its support behind Lewis, leading to his election to Premier. Willis was then replaced as Deputy by John Maddison. For his service as Deputy Leader he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 14 June 1975.[16] Lewis was Premier for only one year and looked increasingly likely to lead the state Liberals to defeat. At the party room meeting on 20 January 1976, parliamentary backbencher Neil Pickard called a spill motion. This was carried 22 votes to 11 and Willis was made Leader and Premier unopposed.[17] Willis and his Cabinet were then duly sworn in on 23 January by the Lieutenant Governor of New South Wales, Sir Laurence Street.[18]

In his brief time as Premier he extensively reshuffled the cabinet, dropping five ministers in an attempt to distance himself from the past, including Steve Mauger and John Mason, and appointed new cabinet faces such as Pickard and David Arblaster.[17] His most significant decision was to set up in April 1976 the long-demanded inquiry into the prison system in the form of a Royal Commission under Justice Nagle. Willis also introduced Daylight Saving time, to be decided upon in a referendum,[6] scrapped the unpopular petrol tax and announced a masterplan for Sydney's transport system.[19]

When former Minister Steve Mauger resigned on 27 January 1976, sparking a by-election in his seat of Monaro in May, and early polls had indicated a large swing to Labor, Willis announced an early election on 1 May, thereby cancelling the by-election in the hope of preventing a larger move of voters against the government.[19] In the May 1976 election, Willis's government lost power to the Labor Party under Neville Wran. The election was notable for being very close run; with the seats of Gosford and Hurstville being lost by only 74 and 44 votes respectively. Had Willis retained those seats he would have remained in government.[6] At that same election Daylight Saving time for New South Wales was passed by 68.4 per cent for and 31.6 per cent against and whenever Willis was asked what his greatest achievement as Premier was, he would always say "Daylight Saving".[20]

Willis (4th left, front row) with his Cabinet, following their swearing in, at Government House on 23 January 1976.

The Willis-Punch Cabinet

Later life

Opposition

After the election he retained the Liberal leadership but proved to be less than suited for opposition. On 19 January 1977, the Granville rail disaster claimed the lives of 83 people—the worst rail disaster in Australian history at the time. In response to this, Willis declared that there had never been as many deaths on the railways during the Liberal Government. The insensitive remark led several Liberal MLAs to introduce a no-confidence motion in Willis' leadership.[6] While Willis survived the motion, speculation about a leadership challenge continued for the rest of his term. On 15 December four party MPs declared that they would oppose him in a leadership ballot the next day. On 15 December 1977, Willis called a press conference to announce his intention to resign as leader:

"In 27 years in parliamentary life I have won many times and I have lost many times. I have experienced the pleasures of success and the frustrations of failures on a number of occasions...I leave the position of Leader of the Oppostition with no bitterness but naturally with a great amount of sadness"
— Sir Eric Willis, 16 December 1977[21]

On 16 December, he formally resigned as leader at the party meeting and was replaced by Peter Coleman.[17] Willis resigned as Member for Earlwood on 16 June 1978, at the age of 56.[2] At the resulting by-election, Earlwood fell to the Labor candidate, Ken Gabb.[22]

After politics

On his retirement, he was permitted by Queen Elizabeth II, on the Governor's recommendation, to continue to use the title "The Honourable" for life.[23] After retiring from politics Willis held positions with the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists and the Arthritis Foundation, of which he was Executive Director from 1984 to 1991. Willis also spent time as Vice-President of the Red Cross (NSW Branch) and was a Fellow of the Royal Society of St George, a Member of the Australian Institute of Political Science and the Australian Institute of International Affairs.[2] Willis left his residence in Bardwell Park and moved to Neutral Bay, where his marriage collapsed.[6]

He divorced his first wife, Norma, and remarried to Lynn. He died in Sydney on 10 May 1999.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Death Of Sir Eric Archibald Willis KBE, a Former Premier Of New South Wales". Hansard. Parliament of New South Wales. 12 May 1999. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sir Eric Archibald Willis (1922–1999)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
  3. ↑ World War II Nominal Roll: WILLIS, ERIC ARCHIBALD
  4. ↑ "Eric Archibald Willis". New South Wales Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  5. ↑ "Liberals Pick Bank Officer". Sydney Morning Herald 2 April 1949 pg 3. Australian National Library. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Clune, David; Turner, Ken (2006). The Premiers of New South Wales 1856–2005: Volume 2, 1901–2005. Sydney: Federation Press. pg 387–399.
  7. ↑ "Won new seat". Sydney Morning Herald 20 June 1950 pg 4. Australian National Library. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  8. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1950". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  9. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1953". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  10. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1956". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  11. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1959". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  12. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1962". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  13. ↑ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Earlwood – 1965". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  14. ↑ Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, CMG, 15 June 1974, itsanhonour.gov.au
    Citation: Minister of Education in New South Wales
  15. ↑ "Willis Premier if he let me help". Sydney Morning Herald 28 August 1975 pg 2. Google News Archive. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  16. ↑ Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, KBE, 14 June 1975, itsanhonour.gov.au
    Citation: Deputy Premier of New South Wales (sic)
  17. 1 2 3 Hancock, Ian (2007). The Liberals: The NSW Division 1945–2000. Sydney: Federation Press. pg 155. ISBN 978-1-86287-659-0.
  18. ↑ "Swearing in of new Ministry under Sir Eric Willis". State Library of NSW. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
  19. 1 2 Bramston, Troy (2006). The Wran era. Sydney: Federation Press. pg 20. ISBN 978-1-86287-600-2.
  20. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, 12 May 1999, pg 8
  21. ↑ "Sir Eric Stands down", Sydney Morning Herald, 16 December 1977 pg.6
  22. ↑ Green, Antony. "Earlwood by-election – 1978". New South Wales Elections Database. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
  23. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 46930. p. 8115. 8 June 1976. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
Parliament of New South Wales
New district Member for Earlwood
1950–1978 		Succeeded by
Ken Gabb
Party political offices
Preceded by
Sir Robert Askin		 Deputy Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party
1959–1975 		Succeeded by
John Maddison
Preceded by
Tom Lewis		 Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party
1976–1977 		Succeeded by
Peter Coleman
Political offices
Preceded by
James Joseph Maloney		 Minister for Labour and Industry
1965–1971 		Succeeded by
Frederick Hewitt
Preceded by
Gus Kelly		 Chief Secretary of New South Wales
1965–1972 		Succeeded by
Ian Griffith
Minister for Tourist Activities
1965–1968 		Succeeded by
Himself
as Minister for Tourism
Preceded by
Himself
as Minister for Tourist Activities		 Minister for Tourism
1968–1971 		Succeeded by
Himself
as Minister for Tourism and Sport
Preceded by
Himself
as Minister for Tourism		 Minister for Tourism and Sport
1971–1972 		Succeeded by
Tom Lewis
as Minister for Tourism
Succeeded by
John Barraclough
as Minister for Culture, Sport and Recreation
Preceded by
Sir Charles Cutler		 Minister for Education
1972–1976 		Succeeded by
Neil Pickard
Preceded by
Tom Lewis		 Premier of New South Wales
1976 		Succeeded by
Neville Wran
Treasurer of New South Wales
1976 		Succeeded by
Jack Renshaw
Preceded by
Neville Wran		 Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales
1976–1977 		Succeeded by
Peter Coleman
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