Foreign relations of South Korea

Participants of the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit gather for a conventional "family photo".
South Korea
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
South Korea
Constitution

The foreign relations of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea) are South Korean relations with other governments.

The Republic of Korea maintains diplomatic relations with 190 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. The South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament (2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosted with Japan) and the 2011 IAAF World Championships Daegu South Korea Furthermore, South Korea will also be hosting the 2018 Winter Olympics which will take place in Pyeongchang South Korea.

South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD/DAC, ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit (EAS), and G-20. It is also a founding member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit.

On January 1, 2007, South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon assumed the post of UN Secretary-General.

Inter-Korean relations

Inter-Korean relations may be divided into five periods. The first stage was between 1972 and 1973; the second stage was Pyongyang North Korea's delivery of relief goods to South Korea after a typhoon caused devastating floods in 1984 and the third stage was the exchange of home visits and performing artists in 1985. The fourth stage, activated by Nordpolitik under Roh, was represented by expanding public and private contacts between the two Koreas. The fifth stage was improved following the 1997 election of Kim Dae-jung. His "Sunshine Policy" of engagement with North Korea set the stage for the historic June 2000 Inter-Korean summit.

The possibility of Korean reunification has remained a prominent topic. However, no peace treaty has yet been signed with the North. In June 2000, a historic first North Korea-South Korea summit took place, part of the South Korea's continuing Sunshine Policy of engagement. Since then, regular contacts have led to a cautious thaw. President Kim was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for the policy.

With that policy, continued by the following administration of president Roh Moo-hyun, economic ties between the two countries have increased, humanitarian aid has been sent to North Korea and some divided families have been briefly reunited. Military ties remain fraught with tension, however, and in 2002 a brief naval skirmish left four South Korean sailors dead, leaving the future of the Sunshine policy uncertain. The North Korea cut off talks but the South remained committed to the policy of reconciliation and relations began to thaw again. The resurgence of the nuclear issue two years later would again cast relations in doubt, but South Korea has sought to play the role of intermediary rather than antagonist, and economic ties at the time seemed to be growing again.

Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by North Korean missile tests in 1993, 1998, 2006 and 2009. As of early 2009, relationships between North Korea and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles,[1] Ended its former agreements with South Korea[2] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned.[3] As of 2009 North Korea and South Korea are still opposed and share a heavily fortified border.[4]

On May 27, 2009 North Korea media declared that the armistice is no longer valid due to the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. To further complicate and intensify strains between the two nations, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010, killing 46 seamen, is as of May 20, 2010 claimed by a team of researchers around the world[5] to have been caused by a North Korean torpedo, which the North denies. South Korea agreed with the findings from the research group and president Lee Myung-bak declared in May 2010 that Seoul would cut all trade with North Korea as part of measures primarily aimed at striking back at North Korea diplomatically and financially.[6] As a result of this, North Korea severed all ties and completely abrogated the previous pact of non aggression.[7]

In November 2010, Unification Ministry officially declared the Sunshine Policy a failure, thus bringing the policy to an end.[8][9] On November 23, 2010, North Korean artillery shelled Yeonpyeong with dozens of rounds at Yeonpyeong-ri and the surrounding area.[10]

Free Trade Agreement

South Korea has the following trade agreements:

As of late 2016 countries of Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay),[13] GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market—Mercado comun del sur), Mexico, Mongolia, RCEP (Asian 10 Countries, Korea, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, India), Russia (BEPA), SACU (South Asia Cooperation Union) and Korea-China-Japan[14] are in negotiations about the FTA with the Republic of Korea.[15]

People's Republic of China

Active South Korean-Chinese people-to-people contacts have been encouraged. Academics, journalists and particularly families divided between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China were able to exchange visits freely in the late 1980s. Nearly 2 million ethnic Koreans especially in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China's Jilin Province have interacted with South Koreans.

Trade between the two countries continued to increase nonetheless, Furthermore, China has attempted to mediate between North Korea and the United States and between North Korea and the State of Japan also initiated and promoted tripartite talks—between Pyongyang Seoul and Washington United States of America.

The Republic of Korea had long been an ally of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Diplomatic ties between Seoul and Taipei Republic of China were nevertheless severed in 1992. Formal diplomatic relations were established between Seoul and Beijing People's Republic of China on August 24, 1992.

In 2004 the PRC government began the Northeast Project This sparked a massive uproar in South Korea when the project was widely publicized.[16]

After the KORUS FTA (United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement) was finalized on June 30, 2007 the Chinese government has immediately begun seeking an FTA agreement with South Korea. The FTA between Korea and China are under discussion South Korea has been running a trade surplus with China which hit a record US$32.5 billion in 2009.[17][18]

Republic of China

On 23 August 1992, the Republic of China government by then only in control of the island of Taiwan and a few major outlying areas severed diplomatic relations with South Korea in advance of its announcement of formal recognition of the People's Republic of China based in Beijing China The Yonhap News said in 2002 that since then relations between the two governments have been "in a rut".[19]

Japan

There is an ongoing dispute over the sovereignty of the Dokdo islands

The relation between South Korea and Japan has both political conflicts and economic intimacies. Examples of conflicts include the East sea naming dispute, visits by successive Japanese Prime Ministers to the Yasukuni Shrine and the disputed ownership of Dokdo of the island Korea.

On January 18, 1952 The first president of South Korea Syngman Rhee declared that the vicinity of Dokdo was a territory of South Korea (Syngman Rhee line). Subsequently, some 3,000 Japanese fishermen who conducted fishery operations in this vicinity were captured. This incident, called the Dai Ichi Daihoumaru Ship case strained relations between South Korea and Japan.

June 22, 1965, The president in South Korea Park Chung-hee concluded the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea As a result, Japan considered South Korea to be the legitimate successor of the Korean peninsula.

The Republic of Korea's trade with the State of Japan was US$892.1 million in 2008, with a surplus of nearly US$327.1 million on the Japanese side.[20] Japanese and South Koreans firms often had interdependent relations, which gave Japan advantages in South Korea's growing market.

In 1996 FIFA announced that the South Korea-Japan would jointly host the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The next few years would see leaders of both countries meet to warm relations in preparations for the games.[21] The year 2005 was designated as the "Japan-South Korea Friendship Year".

However, the Liancourt Rocks controversy erupted again when Japan's Shimane prefecture declared "Takeshima Day", inciting mass demonstrations in South Korea.[22]

Mongolia

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 26, 1990. The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Ulan Bator Mongolia.[23] The Mongolia has an embassy in Seoul.[24]

North Korea

According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 4% of South Koreans view the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's influence positively with 90% expressing a negative view. However, a 2014 government funded survey found only 13% of South Koreans viewed the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as hostile and 58% of the Republic of Korea (South Koreans) believed North Korea was a country they should cooperate with.

Philippines

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties on 3 March 1949, the relationship between the Philippines and South Korea has flourished. The Philippines was one of the first countries that extended diplomatic recognition to South Korea. This was cemented with the Philippine government’s deployment of the Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea (PEFTOK) to help South Korea against the invasion of the communist North during the Korean War in the 1950s. After the war, the Philippines provided development assistance to South Korea and helped the country rebuild itself.

Since then, the Philippines’s relations with South Korea have evolved with South Korea becoming one of the Philippines’s most important bilateral partners aside from the United States, China and Japan. The Philippine government seeks to cultivate strategic ties with South Korea given its increasing presence in the country. In the coming years, the Philippines anticipates to benefit from exploring unprecedented opportunities from South Korea that shall contribute significantly to the country’s trade and economy, defense and security, and society and culture.

Russia

Dmitry Medvedev meeting Lee Myung-bak at The Kremlin.

In the 1980s South Korean president Roh Tae Woo's Nordpolitik and Mikhail Gorbachev's "New Thinking" were both attempts to reverse their nations' recent histories. Gorbachev had signaled Soviet interest in improving relations with all countries in the Asia-Pacific region including South Korea as explained in his July 1986 Vladivostok and August 1988 Krasnoyarsk speeches.

In initiating Nordpolitik Roh's confidential foreign policy adviser was rumored to have visited Moscow Russia to consult with Soviet policymakers. Kim Young Sam visited Moscow Russian Federation from June 2 to June 10, 1989 as the Kremlin announced that it would allow some 300,000 Soviet-South Koreans who had been on the Soviet island of Sahkalin since the end of World War II to return permanently to South Korea. Moscow even arranged Kim's meeting with the North Korean ambassador to the Soviet Union In June 1990, Roh held his first summit with president Gorbachev in San Francisco, United States.

The Republic of Korea and the USSR established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1990. This relation continued by the Russian Federation on December 27, 1991. Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Seoul in February 2001 while South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun visited Moscow Russia in September 2004.[25][26]

Russian Federal Space Agency and the Korean Astronaut Program cooperated together to send South Korea's first astronaut into space. Yi So-Yeon became the first South Korean national as well as the third woman to be the first national in space on 8 April 2008 when Soyuz TMA-12 departed from Baikonur Cosmodrome. [27]

Since the 1990s there has been greater trade and cooperation between the Russian Federation and South Korea. The total trade volume between the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation in 2003 was 4.2 billion US dollars.[28]

United Kingdom

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Korea began on 18 January 1949.

From the Republic of Korea to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

From the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Republic of Korea:

United States

United States President Barack Obama and Lee walking after a meeting at the Blue House in Seoul in November 2010.

The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North Korea) from Japan after World War II. After three years of military administration by the United States, the South Korean government was established. Upon the onset of the Korean War, U.S. forces were sent to defend South Korea against invasion by North Korea and later China. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both.[30]

In 1968, South Korea obliged the mutual defense treaty, by sending a large combat troop contingent to support the United States in the Vietnam War. The U.S. Eighth Army, Seventh Air Force, and U.S. Naval Forces Korea are stationed in South Korea. The two nations have strong economic, diplomatic, and military ties, although they have at times disagreed with regard to policies towards North Korea, and with regard to some of South Korea's industrial activities that involve usage of rocket or nuclear technology. There had also been strong anti-American sentiment during certain periods, which has largely moderated in the modern day.[31]

Since the late 1980s, the country has instead sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to severe strains. Trade had become a serious source of friction between the two countries. In 1989, the United States was South Korea's largest and most important trading partner and South Korea was the seventh-largest market for United States goods and the second largest market for its agricultural products.

From Roh Tae-woo's administration to Roh Moo Hyun's administration, South Korea sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to some strains. In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was reportedly signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation has been repeatedly delayed, pending further approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries.

The relations between the United States and South Korea have greatly strengthened under the Lee Myung-bak administration. At the 2009 G-20 London summit, U.S. President Barack Obama called South Korea "one of America's closest allies and greatest friends."[32]

However, Anti-American sentiment in Korea still exists; The United States' alleged role in the May 1980 Gwangju uprising was the single most pressing South Korean political issue of the 1980s. Even after a decade, Gwangju citizens and other Koreans still blamed the United States for its perceived involvement in the bloody uprising. In 2008, the protests against U.S. beef has been a center of a major discussion in this year.

Letter from President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak About 37,000 Americans lost their lives. They fought for the freedom of Koreans they did not even know, and thanks to their sacrifices, the peace and democracy of the republic were protected On this significant occasion, all Koreans pay tribute to the heroes fallen in defense of freedom and democracy. I firmly believe that future generations in both countries will further advance the strong the Republic of Korea-the United States of America alliance into one befitting the spirit of the new age. - Los Angeles Times, June 25, 2010 -

The Alliance is adapting to changes in the 21st Century security environment. We will maintain a robust defense posture, backed by allied capabilities which support both nations' security interests We will continue to deepen our strong bilateral economic, trade and investment relations In the Asia-Pacific region we will work jointly with regional institutions and partners to foster prosperity, keep the peace, and improve the daily lives of the people of the region The United States of America and the Republic of Korea will work to achieve our common Alliance goals through strategic cooperation at every level. - The U.S. Government (June 16, 2009) -

European Union

The European Union (EU) and the Republic of Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. The free trade agreement has been approved in September 2010, following Italy's conditional withdrawal of its veto of the free trade agreement.[33] The compromise made by Italy was that free trade agreement would take provisional effect on July 1, 2011. South Korea is the EU's eighth largest trade partner and the EU has become South Korea's second largest export destination. EU trade with South Korea exceeded €65 billion in 2008 and has enjoyed an annual average growth rate of 7.5% between 2004 and 2008.[34]

The EU has been the single largest foreign investor in South Korea since 1962 and accounted for almost 45% of all FDI inflows into South Korea in 2006. Nevertheless, EU companies have significant problems accessing and operating in the Republic of Korea market due to stringent standards and testing requirements for products and services often creating barriers to trade. Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with South Korea The EU is seeking to improve this situation.[34]

Diplomatic relations

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan 1973-12-12[35] See Afghanistan – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Republic of Korea began on December 1973 ~ September 1978.
  • The 2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan was a major event in relations between the two countries. Two hostages were killed, and after the safe release of the remaining hostages, a Taliban official announced that South Korea had paid the Taliban more than US$20 million in ransom.[36] However, South Korea stated that they have made a promise with the Taliban not to make any public statements about the ransom.[37]
 Bangladesh 1973-12-18[38] See Bangladesh–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Bangladesh and the Republic of Korea began on 18 December 1973.
  • Bangladesh is the nation which established both relations among two Koreas. North Korea made its official diplomacy with Bangladesh in 1973.
  • In 1974, South Korea opened its embassy in the capital Dhaka while her counterpart in 1987.[39]
  • In 2008, Ministry of Justice of South Korea ceased the protocol of visa exemption. It is decided in that illegal residents from Bangladesh have been over 13,000 through South Korea. Both nations should get permission from each country to enter from July 15, 2008.[40]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$1.2 billion.[41]
 Bhutan September 1987[42] See Bhutan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Korea began in September 1987.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012
    • Exports 3.27million US dollars.
    • Imports 382 thousand US dollars.
  • South Korea's Grant Aid to Bhutan, Total of $6.21million US dollars (1987-2012).
 Brunei 1984-01-01[43] See Brunei–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Brunei Darussalam and the Republic of Korea began on 1 January 1984.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 2,030 million US dollars.
  • Brunei Darussalam has an embassy in Seoul.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei.
  • Both countries working closely in economic.[44]
 Burma 1975-05-16[45] See Burma–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) and the Republic of Korea began on 16 May 1975.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 1,682 million US dollars
    • Exports 1,331million US dollars
    • Imports 351 million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in Myanmar (Burma) in 2013 was about 2,300.
 Cambodia 1970-05-18[46] See Cambodia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of Korea began on 18 May 1970 / Severance - 5 Apr 1975 / Reestablishment - 30 Sep 1997.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 750 million US dollars
    • Exports 610 million US dollars
    • Imports 140 million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Kingdom of Cambodia in 2013 was about 5,000.
 China1992-08-24[47] See China–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea began on 24 August 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Beijing China.[48]
  • China has an embassy in Seoul.[49]
  • China is the Republic of Korea's largest partner for trade.
  • South Korea's Investment in China (cumulative total at the end of 2014) about $3.7 billion.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 235.4 billion US dollars.
    • Exports: $145.3 billion US dollars.
    • Imports: $90.1 billion US dollars.
  • People-to-People Exchanges, total of 10.3 million visitors
    • The number of South Korean visitors to China: 4.18million.
    • Number of Chinese visitors to South Korea: 6.12million.
  • Number of Long-Term Residents
    • South Korean long-term residents in China: 800.000.
    • Chinese long-term residents in the KOR: 780.000.

From China to the South Korea.

  • 2000 October Premier of State Council Zhu Rongji
  • 2001 May Chairman of National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee Li Peng
  • 2003 September Chairman of National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee Wu Bangguo
  • 2004 August Chairman of National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
  • 2005 November President Hu Jintao
  • 2007 April Premier of State Council Wen Jiabao
  • 2008 August Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi
  • 2008 August President Hu Jintao
  • 2009 December Vice President Xi Jinping
  • 2010 May Premiers Wen Jiabao
  • 2010 November President Hu Jintao
  • 2011 October Vice Premier Li Keqiang
  • 2012 March President Hu Jintao
  • 2014 July President Xi Jinping
  • 2015 January Vice Premier Wang Yang
  • 2015 June Chairman of National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee Zhang Dejiang

From South Korea to China.

  • 2001 June Prime Minister Lee Han-dong
  • 2002 January Speaker of National Assembly Lee Man-sub
  • 2003 July President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2005 June Prime Minister Lee Hae-chan
  • 2006 January Speaker of National Assembly Kim Won-ki
  • 2006 October President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2008 May President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2008 September Prime Minister Han Seung-soo
  • 2009 October President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2010 April President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2011 April Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik
  • 2012 January President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2012 May President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2013 Jun President Park Keun-hye
  • 2014 November President Park Keun-hye

The embassy and Consulate General of South Korea in China

 Republic of China (Taiwan) 1948-08-13 / No relations, Since 1992-08-23[50] See Republic of China–South Korea relations South Korea–Taiwan relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Korea began on 1948-08-13 until South Korea's establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992-08-22. Due to the One-China Policy required by China as a prerequisite for establishing diplomatic relations, South Korea does not have diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan).
  • Taiwan has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea.
  • The Republic of Korea has a Mission Office in Taipei.[51]
  • Taiwan has a Mission Office in Seoul, Republic of Korea.[52]
  • Taiwan has a Mission Office in Busan, Republic of Korea.[53]
 East Timor 2002-05-20[54] See East Timor–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) and the Republic of Korea began on 20 May 2002.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 75 million US dollars.
    • Exports 7.7 million US dollars.
    • Imports 67 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in the East Timor (cumulative total as of 2012) 14 million US dollars.
 Hong Kong 1945-05-01[55] See Hong Kong–South Korea relations
 India 1973-12-01[59] See India – South Korea relations
  • During the Korean War, India sent military medical staff to support South Korea as a part of the United Nations troops.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries has been relatively limited, although much progress arose during the three decades. Since the formal establishment of the diplomatic ties between the two countries in 1973, several trade agreements have been reached: Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Cooperation in 1974; Agreement on Cooperation in Science & Technology in 1976; Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985; and Bilateral Investment Promotion/ Protection Agreement in 1996.
  • Trade between the two nations has increased exponentially, exemplified by the $530 million during the fiscal year of 1992–1993, and the $10 billion during 2006–2007.[60] During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, South Korean businesses sought to increase access to the global markets, and began trade investments with India.[60]
 Indonesia 1973-09-17[61] See Indonesia–South Korea relations

  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • The Republic of Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$14.88 billion.[62]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Indonesia
  • Indonesia and South Korea have invested in multiple joint military development projects, including the KFX/IFX fighter jet.[63]
  • South Korean firm Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) is in final contract negotiations to supply Indonesia with three Type-209 submarines. This will be the largest ever bilateral defense deal, valued at USD1.1 billion.[64]
 Japan1965-12-18[65] See Japan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the State of Japan and the Republic of Korea began on 18 December 1965.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Tokyo Japan.[66]
  • The State of Japan has an embassy in Seoul.[67]
  • The State of Japan has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • Between the two countries`s People-to-People Exchanges in 2014 was about 5.04 million visitors.

From Japan to the South Korea

  • 2003 February Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro
  • 2003 August Foreign Minister Kawaguchi Yoriko
  • 2004 May Foreign Minister Kawaguchi Yoriko
  • 2004 July Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro (Jeju)
  • 2004 November Foreign Minister Machimura Nobutaka
  • 2005 June Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro
  • 2005 November Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro (APEC, Busan)
  • 2005 November Foreign Minister Aso Taro (APEC, Busan)
  • 2006 October Prime Minister Abe Shinzo
  • 2006 October Foreign Minister Aso Taro
  • 2007 March Foreign Minister Aso Taro (Jeju)
  • 2007 June Foreign Minister Aso Taro (Jeju)
  • 2008 February Prime Minister Fukuda Yasuo
  • 2009 January Prime Minister Aso Taro
  • 2009 February Foreign Minister Nakasone Hirofumi
  • 2009 October Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio
  • 2010 February Foreign Minister Okada Katsuya
  • 2010 May Foreign Minister Okada Katsuya (Gyeongju)
  • 2010 May Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio (Jeju)
  • 2011 January Foreign Minister Maehara Seiji
  • 2011 October Foreign Minister Gemba Koichiro
  • 2011 October Prime Minister Noda Yoshihiko
  • 2012 Prime Minister Noda Yoshihiko
  • 2015 March Foreign Minister Kishida Fumio

From South Korea to Japan

  • 2003 March Foreign Minister Yoon Young-kwan
  • 2003 June President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2004 March Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2004 December President Roh Moo-hyun (Ibuski)
  • 2005 October Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2006 August Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon (condolence call on late Prime Minister Hashimoto)
  • 2006 November Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2006 December Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • 2008 April Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2008 April President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2008 June Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2008 July President Lee Myung-bak (Toyako)
  • 2008 July Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan (Toyako)
  • 2008 December President Lee Myung-bak (Fukuoka)
  • 2008 December Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan (Fukuoka)
  • 2009 April Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2009 May Prime Minister Han Seung-soo
  • 2009 June President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2009 September Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2010 January Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan (FEALAC)
  • 2010 November President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2011 February Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • 2011 March Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan (Kyoto)
  • 2011 May President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2011 May Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • 2011 December President Lee Myung-bak (Kyoto)

The embassy and Consulate General of South Korea in the State of Japan

 North Korea No Relations See North Korea–South Korea relations South Korea–North Korea relations
 Laos 1974-06-22[68] See Laos–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Laos and the Republic of Korea began on Jun.22, 1974 / Severance - Jul.24, 1975 / Reestablishment - Oct.25, 1995.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 199 million US dollars.
    • Exports 187 million US dollars.
    • Imports 12 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in the Laos (cumulative total as of 2011) 32 million US dollars.
 Macao July 1984[69] See Macao–South Korea relations
 Malaysia 1960-02-23[70] See Malaysia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of Korea began on 23 February 1960.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
  • The two countries established relations in 1960.[71]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$15.7 billion.[72]
 Maldives 1967-11-30[73] See Maldives–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Maldives and the Republic of Korea began on 30 November 1967.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012
    • Exports 3.67 million US dollars.
    • Imports 380 thousand US dollars.
  • The number of South Koreans visitors to Maldives in 2012 was 23,933.
 Mongolia 1990-03-26[74] See Mongolia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Mongolia and the Republic of Korea started on 26 March 1990.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 520 million US dollars.
    • Exports 507 million US dollars.
    • Imports 13 million US dollars.
  • Investment (cumulative total at the end of 2013) about 350 million US dollars.
   Nepal 1974-05-15[75] See Nepal–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal and the Republic of Korea started on 15 May 1974.
  • Nepal has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kathmandu Nepal.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 27.2 million US dollars.[76]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Nepal
 Pakistan 1983-11-01[77] See Pakistan-South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of Korea started in November 1983.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 1.33billion US dollars.
    • Exports 810 million US dollars.
    • Imports 520 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in Pakistan (total at December 2012) 100 million US dollars.
 Philippines 1949-03-03[78] See Philippines–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Korea started on 3 March 1949.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Manila Philippines.
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 6.8 billion US dollars.[79]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Philippines
 Singapore 1975-08-08[80] See Singapore–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Singapore and the Republic of Korea started on 8 August 1975.
  • Singapore has an embassy in Seoul.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Singapore.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 24.7 billion US dollars.[81]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Singapore
 Sri Lanka 1977-11-14[82] See Sri Lanka–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Republic of Korea started on 14 November 1977.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 686 million US dollars.[83]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Sri Lanka
 Thailand 1958-10-09[84] See South Korea – Thailand relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Republic of Korea started in October 1958.
  • During the Korean War, The Kingdom of Thailand was the second nation sending troops for supporting South Korea just after United States. In October 2003, South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun visited Thailand while Prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra to Seoul in November 2005.[85]
  • The Republic of Korea is Thailand's 10th largest trade partner, which is due to reach the scale of 10 billion US dollars.[86]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Thailand
 Vietnam 1992-12-22[87] See Vietnam–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of Korea started on 22 December 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 9.8 billion US dollars.[88]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Vietnam

North America

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Canada1963-01-14[89] See Canada – South Korea relations

From Canada to the South Korea

  • February 2015 Minister of International Trade Fast
  • March 2014 Senator Yonah Martin
  • March 2014 Prime Minister Harper
  • October 2013 Minister of Natural Resources Oliver
  • July 2013 Minister of Veterans Affairs Fantino
  • April 2013 Minister of Veterans Affairs Blaney
  • February 2013 Governor General David Johnston
  • March 2012 Prime Minister Harper
  • March 2012 Foreign Minister Baird
  • November 2010 Prime Minister Harper
  • December 2009 Prime Minister Harper
  • November 2009 Foreign Minister Cannon
  • February 2008 Foreign Minister Bernier
  • May 2007 Foreign Minister McKay
  • November 2005 Prime Minister Martin
  • January 1997 Prime Minister Chretien

From South Korea to Canada

  • September 2014 President Park Geun-hye
  • November 2013 President of Constitutional Court Park Han-Chul
  • December 2012 Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik
  • October 2012 Speaker of National Assembly Kang Chang-hee
  • September 2012 Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • September 2010 Speaker of National Assembly Park Hee-tae
  • June 2010 President Lee Myung-bak
  • November 2007 Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • September 2004 Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • July 1999 President Kim Dae-Jung

The embassy and Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in Canada.

 Mexico1962-01-26[93] See Mexico–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between United Mexican States and the Republic of Korea started on 26 January 1962.
  • Mexico has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • Mexico has an embassy in Seoul.
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City United Mexican States.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Mexico
 United States1882-05-22/1949-01-01[94] See United States – South Korea relations
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Washington, United States.[95]
  • The United States of America has an embassy in Seoul.[96]
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea began on 22 May 1882.
  • The United States of America has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • Number of the South Koreans living in the United States in 2013 was about 2.09 million.
  • The United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA).

The embassy and Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in the United States.

From the U.S.A. to the South Korea.

  • 2003 February Secretary of State Colin Powell
  • 2004 April Vice President Dick Cheney
  • 2004 July National Security Advisor Rice
  • 2004 October Secretary of State Colin Powell
  • 2005 March Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
  • 2005 July Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
  • 2005 November President George Bush (APEC)
  • 2005 November Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (APEC)
  • 2006 October Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
  • 2008 February Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
  • 2008 June Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
  • 2008 August President George Bush
  • 2009 February Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
  • 2009 November President Barack Obama
  • 2010 May Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
  • 2010 July Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
  • 2010 November President Barack Obama (G-20 Summit)
  • 2011 April Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
  • 2011 April Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
  • 2011 October Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
  • 2012 March President Barack Obama
  • 2012 July Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
  • 2013 April Secretary of State John Kerry
  • 2013 December Vice President Joseph Biden
  • 2014 February Secretary of State John Kerry
  • 2014 March Former President George W. Bush
  • 2014 April President Barack Obama

From South Korea to the U.S.A.

  • 2003 March Foreign Minister Yoon Young-kwan
  • 2003 May President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2003 September Foreign Minister Yoon Young-kwan (UN General Assembly)
  • 2004 March Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon (UN General Assembly)
  • 2004 November President Roh Moo-hyun (L.A., Hawaii)
  • 2005 February Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2005 June President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2005 August Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2005 September President Roh Moo-hyun (UN General Assembly)
  • 2005 September Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon (UN General Assembly)
  • 2006 January Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon (South Korea-U.S. Strategic Dialogue)
  • 2006 June Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon
  • 2006 September President Roh Moo-hyun
  • 2007 January Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • 2007 March Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • 2007 June Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • 2007 September Foreign Minister Song Min-soon (UN General Assembly)
  • 2007 November Foreign Minister Song Min-soon
  • 2008 March Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2008 April President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2008 September Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan (UN General Assembly)
  • 2008 September Prime Minister Han Seung-soo (UN General Assembly)
  • 2008 November President Lee Myung-bak (Washington, LA)
  • 2009 June Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan
  • 2009 June President Lee Myung-bak
  • 2009 September President Lee Myung-bak (Climate Change Summit UN General Assaembly G-20 Summit)
  • 2010 February Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan (South Korea-U.S. Strategic Dialogue)
  • 2010 April President Lee Myung-bak(Nuclear Security Summit)
  • 2011 June Foreign Minister Kim Sung Hwan
  • 2011 September Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan (UN General Assembly)
  • 2011 September President Lee Myung-bak (UN General Assembly)
  • 2011 October Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • 2011 October President Lee Myung-bak (Washington, Detroit, Chicago)
  • 2012 March Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • 2012 June Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan
  • 2012 September Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan (UN General Assembly)
  • 2013 April Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se
  • 2013 May President Park Geun Hye (New York, Washington, Los Angeles)
  • 2013 September Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se (UN General Assembly)
  • 2014 January Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se
  • 2014 September President Park Geun Hye (New York, Washington, U.N. General Assembly)
  • 2014 September Foreign Minister Yun Byung-Se (New York, Washington, U.N. General Assembly).[94]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 AustraliaJanuary 1971[97] See Australia–South Korea relations
 Cook Islands 2013-02-22[104] See Cook Islands–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Cook Islands and the Republic of Korea began on 22 February 2013.
  • The Republic of Korea had the 190th`s diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands.[105]
 Fiji1970-10-01[106] See Fiji–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of the Fiji Islands and the Republic of Korea established official diplomatic relations in 1970, when the Republic of Fiji became independent.[107]
  • The Republic of Korea embassy in Suva Republic of Fiji.[108]
  • The Republic of Fiji embassy in Seoul.[109]
  • South Korea's Investment in Fiji (cumulative amount at the end of 2013) 73.3 million US dollars.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Fiji
 Kiribati1980-05-02[110] See Kiribati–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kiribati and the Republic of Korea began on 2 May 1980.
 Marshall Islands1991-04-05[111] See Marshall Islands–South Korea relations
 MicronesiaApril 1991[112] See Micronesia–South Korea relations
 Nauru 1979-08-20[113] See Nauru–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Nauru and the Republic of Korea began on 20 August 1979.
 New Zealand1962-03-01[114] See New Zealand–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Republic of Korea began on 1 March 1962.
  • During the Korean War, New Zealand has sent 5,350 New Zealand soldiers to offer military cooperation with South Korea.
  • Republic of Korea has a Consulate General in Auckland and an embassy in Wellington New Zealand.[115]
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Seoul.[116]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US $1.94 billion.[117]
  • New Zealand–Korea Free Trade Agreement.
  • New Zealand has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the South Korea.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with New Zealand
 Niue See Niue–South Korea relations
 Palau1995-03-22[119] See Palau–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Palau and the Republic of Korea began on 22 March 1995.
 Papua New GuineaMay 1976[120] See Papua New Guinea–South Korea relations
 Samoa1972-09-15[121] See Samoa–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Independent State of Samoa and the Republic of Korea began on 15 September 1972.
 Solomon Islands1978-09-15[122] See Solomon IslandsAustralia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Solomon Islands and the Republic of Korea began on 15 September 1978.
 TongaSeptember 1970[123] See Tonga–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Tonga and the Republic of Korea began on 15 September 1970.
 TuvaluNovember 1978[124] See Tuvalu–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Tuvalu and the Republic of Korea began in November 1978.
 Vanuatu1980-11-05[124] See Vanuatu–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Vanuatu and the Republic of Korea began on 5 November 1980.

South America

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda See Antigua and Barbuda–South Korea relations
 Argentina1962-02-15 See Argentina – South Korea relations
  • Argentina has an embassy in Seoul[125]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Buenos Aires.[126]
  • List of Treaties ruling relations Argentina and South Korea
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Argentina
 Bahamas See Bahamas–South Korea relations
 Barbados See Barbados–South Korea relations
 Belize See Belize–South Korea relations
 Bolivia See Bolivia–South Korea relations
 Brazil1959-10-31 See Brazil–South Korea relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Brasilia.
  • In 2006, Korea's export in Brazil was 3.06 billion US dollars.[127]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Brazil
 Chile See Chile–South Korea relations
 Colombia1962-03-10 See Colombia–South Korea relations
 Costa Rica See Costa Rica–South Korea relations
 Cuba No Relations See Cuba–South Korea relations
 Dominica See Dominica–South Korea relations
 Dominican Republic See Dominican Republic–South Korea relations
 Ecuador See Ecuador–South Korea relations
 El Salvador See El Salvador–South Korea relations
 Grenada See Grenada–South Korea relations
 Guatemala See Guatemala–South Korea relations
 Guyana See Guyana–South Korea relations
 Haiti See Haiti–South Korea relations
 Honduras See Honduras–South Korea relations
 Jamaica See Jamaica–South Korea relations
 Mexico See Mexico–South Korea relations
 Nicaragua See Nicaragua–South Korea relations
 Panama See Panama–South Korea relations
 Paraguay1962-06-12 See Paraguay – South Korea relations
 Peru1963-04-01 See Peru–South Korea relations
 Saint Kitts and Nevis See Saint Kitts and Nevis–South Korea relations
 Saint Lucia See Saint Lucia–South Korea relations
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1962-06-12 See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–South Korea relations
 Suriname See Suriname–South Korea relations
 Trinidad and Tobago See Trinidad and Tobago–South Korea relations
 Uruguay1964-10-07 See Uruguay–South Korea relations
 Venezuela See Venezuela–South Korea relations

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Abkhazia No Relations See Abkhazia–South Korea relations
 Albania1991-08-22[133] See Albania–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Albania and South Korea began on 22 August 1991.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania Besnik Mustafaj signed the Convention between the government of the Republic of Korea and the Council of Ministers of the Albania for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income and for the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion on May 17, 2006.[134]
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Republic of Albania in 2012 was about 80.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tirana, Republic of Albania.
  • The Republic of Albania has an embassy in Seoul.
 Andorra1995-02-23[135] See Andorra–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Andorra and South Korea began on 23 February 1995.
  • Bilateral Exchange in 2014: None.
  • Bilateral Trade(2014) in 2014, 315,000 US dollars.
  • 2007 June Minister for Government Policy Coordination Im Sang-gyu.
  • 2008 August Foreign Minister Meritxell Mateu Pi.[135]
 Armenia1992-02-21[136] See Armenia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and South Korea began on 21 February 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea and the Republic of Armenia Policy Consultation will deal with ways to vitalize high-level exchanges promote substantive cooperation and work together on regional and global issues.[137]
  • The Republic of Armenia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Yerevan.
 Austria1963-05-22[138] See Austria–South Korea relations
 Azerbaijan1992 1992-3-23[142] See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Republic of Azerbaijan began on 23 March 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea embassy in Azerbaijan held a briefing for journalists and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.[143]
 Belarus1992-02-10[144] See Belarus–South Korea relations
 Belgium1961-03-23[146] See Belgium–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Belgium began on 23 March 1961.
  • Belgium has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Brussels
  • The number of South Korean living in the Belgium in 2012 number about 893.
  • Belgium has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina1995-12-15[147] See Bosnia and Herzegovina–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Bosnia Herzegovina and the Republic of Korea and began on 15 December 1995.
  • The Republic of Korea and Bosnia Herzegovina Policy Consultation was held in Sarajevo on July 9 with MOFAT’s Deputy Minister for Political Affairs Lee Yong-joon and his Bosnian counterpart Ana Trisic-Babic leading their respective delegations.[148]
 Bulgaria1990-03-23[149] See Bulgaria – South Korea relations
 Croatia1992-11-18[152] See Croatia–South Korea relations
 Cyprus 1995-12-28[153] See Cyprus–South Korea relations
 Czech Republic1990-03-22[154] See Czech Republic–South Korea relations
 Denmark1959-03-11[157] See Denmark – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Denmark and South Korea began on 11 March 1959.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Denmark in 2012 was about 538.
  • Denmark has an embassy in Seoul.[158]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Copenhagen.[159]
  • During the Korean War, Denmark sent Danish medical staff to support South Korea as a part of the United Nations troops.
  • Denmark has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea. There is no quota to Danish citizens.
  • In October 2007, Queen of Denmark (Margrethe II of Denmark) visited Seoul for the first time after the official diplomacy between both nations.[160]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Denmark
 Estonia1991-10-17[161] See Estonia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Estonia and South Korea began on 17 October 1991.
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Seoul.
  • the Republic of Korea is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Republic of Finland and through an honorary consulate in Tallinn.
  • In 2006 South Korea was ranked as Estonia's 35th export partner and 29th import partner. Estonia's exports to South Korea consist primarily of machinery and mechanical appliances and wood items. The main import articles are transport vehicles and mechanical inventory. The total value of exports to South Korea in 2006 was 19.2 million EUR while imports totalled 34.6 million EUR.[162]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Estonia
 Finland1973-08-24[163] See Finland–South Korea relations
 France1849-06-04[164]/1949-02-15[165] See France – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the France and South Korea began on 15 February 1949.[165]
  • France and South Korea still maintain very good relations. They collaborate on many topics and issues, such as the question of North Korea which is a matter of great importance for both countries. Besides bilateral cooperation France and South Korea also work together in International organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the OECD etc. On the matter of North Korea. France is one of the few European countries to not have official diplomatic relations with the North Korea. France has also supported the Six-party talks as well as the role of the IAEA in finding solutions to the nuclear issue.[166]
  • France has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea.
  • The number of South Koreans living in France in 2012 was about 14,000.[165]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Paris.[164]
  • France has an embassy in Seoul.[167]
  • President of the Republic of Korea Park Geun-hye visited France in November 2013.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with France
 Georgia1992-12-14[168] See Georgia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Georgia and South Korea started on 14 December 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Georgia in 2014 was about 50.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 162 million US dollars.
 Germany1883-11-26[169]/As West Germany 1955-12-01[170] See Germany – South Korea relations
 Greece1961-04-05[173] See Greece–South Korea relations
 Holy See1966-09-01[175] See Holy See–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and South Korea began on 1 September 1966.[176]
  • The Holy See Has a nunciature in Seoul.[177]
  • The current (as of 2008) South Korean ambassador to the Holy See is "Kim Ji-Young" (Christian name Francis).[178]
  • The Pope John Paul II visited the Republic of Korea twice during his pontificate, in 1984 and 1989.[179] - 1984 visit to Seoul was for the canonization of the 103 Korean martyrs held outside Rome Italy in a break from tradition.[180]
  • In 2000 then president of the Republic of Korea, Kim Dae Jung made a state visit to Vatican City the first South Korean head of state to do so.[181]
 Hungary1989-02-01[182] See Hungary–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of Hungary–the Republic of Korea relations date back to the exchange of permanent missions between the two countries announced during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul The announcement made Hungary the first Eastern Bloc country to exchange ambassadors with South Korea At the time, a large number of officials from various Communist countries were in Seoul having ignored North Korea's call for a boycott of the Olympics along with Hungary they also made various formal and informal contacts with South Korean government.
  • Hungary has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • The South Korean embassy is in Budapest .
  • Hungary has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Hungary
 Iceland1962-10-10[183] See Iceland–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Iceland and South Korea began on 10 October 1962.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 57,000,000 US dollars.
  • Bilateral Investments (from 1962 to 2014) about 5,140,000 US dollars.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs Halldor Ásgrímsson has visited South Korea in August 1996.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs Choi has visited Iceland in September 2002.
 Republic of Ireland1983-10-01[184] See Ireland–South Korea relations
 Italy1956-11-24[187] See Italy – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Italy and South Korea began on 24 November 1956.
  • Bilateral Trade and Investment between Italy and the Republic of Korea were about 10,926,000,000. US dollars in 2014.
  • Bilateral Investments in 2014
    • South Korea's Investment in Italy 654,000,000 US dollars.
    • Italy's Investment in South Korea 539,000,000 US dollars.
  • During the Korean War, Italy sent medical staff to support South Korea.
  • Italy has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Rome.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Italy in 2012 was about 4,054.
  • The Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti has visited to attend Seoul Nuclear Security Summit in March 2012.
  • The South Korean President Park Geun-hye has visited to Italy October 2014.
  • Italy has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Italy
 Kazakhstan 1992-01-28[188] See Kazakhstan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and South Korea started on 28 January 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Kazakhstan in 2013 was about 100,000.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Astana.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 1,323 million US dollars.
 Latvia October 1991[189] See Latvia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Latvia and South Korea began in October 1991.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Riga.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Latvia in 2012 was about 41.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 166,000,000 US dollars.
 Liechtenstein 1993[190] See Liechtenstein–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Liechtenstein and South Korea started in 1993.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013
    • Exports 4.5 million US dollars
    • Imports $8.7 million US dollars
 Lithuania October 1991[191] See Lithuania–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Lithuania and South Korea began in October 1991.
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Vilnius.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Lithuania in 2012 was about 106.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 3,485,000 US dollars.
 Luxembourg 1962-03-16[192] See Luxembourg–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and South Korea started in March 1962.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 572,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports: $39,000,000 US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Luxembourg in 2012 was about 61.
 Macedonia No Relations See Macedonia–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of Macedonia and South Korea have not established diplomatic relations.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 9.4 million US dollars
    • Imports 2.1 million US dollars
  • Macedonian Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski visited South Korea in July 2014.[193]
 Malta April 1965[194] See Malta–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Malta and South Korea started in April 1965.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports: $1,014,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports: $514,000,000 US dollars
  • Bilateral Investments in 2014 was about 5,419,490,000. US dollars
 Moldova 1992-01-31[195] See Moldova–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Moldova and South Korea started on 31 January 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Republic of Moldova in about 130.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 10 million US dollars
    • Imports 18 million US dollars
 Monaco March 2007[196] See Monaco–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Monaco and South Korea began on 31 March 2007.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Export 241,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 1,460,000 US dollars
  • Former Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan has attended the 6th World Policy Conference in Monaco on December 13–15 as Special Envoy of the President.[197]
 Montenegro2006-06-04[198] See Montenegro–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Montenegro and South Korea started on 4 September 2006.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Export $0.935 million
    • Imports:$0.027 million
  • The Montenegrin Deputy Prime Minister has visited South Korea in October 2014.
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic No Relations See Nagorno-Karabakh Republic–South Korea relations
 Netherlands1961-04-01[199] See Netherlands–South Korea relations
 Northern Cyprus No Relations See Northern Cyprus–South Korea relations
 Norway 1959-03-02[202] See Norway–South Korea relations
 Poland 1989-11-01[204] See Poland–South Korea relations
 Portugal 1961-04-15[207] See Portugal–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Portugal and South Korea began on 15 April 1961.
  • Portugal has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the South Korea.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 674,000,000 US dollars.
 Romania 1990-03-30[208] See Romania – South Korea relations
 Russia1990-09-30[212] See Russia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and South Korea began on 30 September 1990.
  • The Russian Federation has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has a Consulate General Office in Vladivostok and has an embassy in Moscow
  • President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin has visited Republic of Korea in November 2013.
  • President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak has visited Russia in November 2011.
  • Russia and South Korea`s Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about $22.64 billion US dollars.
  • The Republic of Korea's Investment in Russia in 2013 was about $2,962 million US dollars.
  • The Number of Ethnic Koreans living in Russia about 210,000 and South Koreans living in the Russian Federation in 2013 was about 5,350.
 San Marino 2000-06-25[213] See San Marino–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Repubblica di San Marino (San Marino) and South Korea began on 25 September 2000.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 338,000 US dollars.
    • Imports 504,000 US dollars.
 Serbia 1989-12-27[214] See Serbia–South Korea relations
 Slovakia January 1993[216] See Slovakia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Slovak Republic and South Korea began in January 1993.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Seoul.[217]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bratislava Slovak Republic.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 45 billion US dollars.
  • The Republic of Korea's Investment in the Slovak Republic in 2014 million US dollars.
 Slovenia 1992-04-15[218] See Slovenia–South Korea relations
 South Ossetia No Relations See South Ossetia–South Korea relations
 Spain1950-03-17[220] See Spain–South Korea relations
 Sweden1959-03-07[223] See Sweden–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Sweden began on 11 March 1959.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Sweden has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea. There is no quota to Swedish citizens.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Sweden in 2012 was 2,602.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 871,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 1,799,000,000 US dollars
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relations with Sweden
  Switzerland 1963-02-11[224] See Switzerland–South Korea relations
 Tajikistan 1992-04-27[226] See Tajikistan–South Korea relations
 Transnistria No Relations See Transnistria–South Korea relations
 Turkey 1957-03-08[227] See Turkey–South Korea relations
 Turkmenistan1992-02-07[229] See Turkmenistan–South Korea relations
 Ukraine 1992-02-10[230] See Ukraine–South Korea relations
 Uzbekistan 1992-01-29[233] See Uzbekistan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and South Korea began on 29 January 1992.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 2,020 million US dollars
    • Exports 1,968 million US dollars
    • Imports 53million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2013 was about 2,500.
  • Number of Ethnic Koreans living in the Republic of Uzbekistan about 180,000.
 United Kingdom1949-01-18[29] See South Korea–United Kingdom relations
  Vatican City 1963[236] See Vatican City–South Korea relations

Middle East and Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria January 15, 1990[238] See Algeria–South Korea relations
 Angola January 6, 1992[239] See Angola–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Angola and the Republic of Korea began on January 6, 1992.
 Bahrain April 17, 1976[240] See Bahrain–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Republic of Korea began on April 17, 1976.
 Benin August 1, 1961[241] See Benin–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Benin and the Republic of Korea began on August 1, 1961.
 Botswana April 18, 1968[242] See Botswana–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Botswana and the Republic of Korea began on April 18, 1968.
 Burkina Faso April 20, 1962[243] See Burkina Faso–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Burkina Faso and the Republic of Korea began on April 20, 1962.
 Burundi October 3, 1993[244] See Burundi–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Burundi and the Republic of Korea began on October 3, 1993.
 Cameroon August 10, 1961[245] See Cameroon–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Korea began on August 10, 1961.
 Cape Verde October 3, 1988[246] See Cape Verde–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republica de Cabo Verde and the Republic of Korea began on October 3, 1988.
 Central African Republic September 5, 1963[247] See Central African Republic–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republica de Cabo Verde and the Republic of Korea began on September 5, 1963.
 Chad August 6, 1961[248] See Chad–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique du Tchad and the Republic of Korea began on August 6, 1961.
 Comoros February 19, 1979[249] See Comoros–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Union of Comoros and the Republic of Korea began on February 19, 1979.
 Congo June 16, 1990[250] See Republic of Congo–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique du Congo and the Republic of Korea began on June 16, 1990.
  • The Republic of Congo and South Korea re-established diplomatic relations in 1990.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo April 1, 1963[251] See Democratic Republic of the Congo–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Korea began on April 1, 1963.
  • DRC has an Embassy in Seoul current Ambassador is Christophe Ngwey.
  • South Korea has an Embassy in Kinshasa, current Ambassador is Kim Sung-chul.
  • DRC President Joseph Kabila visited Seoul in March 2010.
  • DRC Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito visited Seoul in November 2010.
 Djibouti December 7. 1977[252] See Djibouti–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Djibouti and the Republic of Korea began on December 7, 1977.
 Egypt April 13, 1995[253] See Egypt–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Republic of Korea began on April 13, 1995.
 Equatorial Guinea September 14, 1979[254] See Equatorial Guinea–South Korea relations
 Eritrea May 24, 1993[255] See Eritrea–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the State of Eritrea and the Republic of Korea began on May 24, 1993.
 Ethiopia December 23, 1963[256] See Ethiopia–South Korea relations
 Gabon October 1, 1962[257] See Gabon–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Gabonese Republic and the Republic of Korea began on October 1, 1962.
 Gambia April 21, 1965[258] See Gambia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of the Gambia and the Republic of Korea began on April 21, 1965.
 Ghana November 14, 1977[259] See Ghana–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Republic of Korea began on November 14, 1977.
 Guinea August 28, 2006[260] See Guinea–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique de Guinee and the Republic of Korea began on August 28, 2006.
 Guinea-Bissau December 22, 1983[261] See Guinea-Bissau–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Korea began on December 22, 1983.
 Iran October 23, 1962[262] See Iran–South Korea relations
 Iraq July 7, 1989[263] See Iraq–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Iraq and the Republic of Korea began on July 7, 1989.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012
    • Exports 1.9 billion US dollars.
    • Imports 10.2 billion US dollars.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Iraq in 2013 was about 950.
 Israel April 10, 1962[264] See Israel–South Korea relations
 Ivory Coast July 23, 1961[267] See Ivory Coast–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Ivory Coast and the Republic of Korea began on July 23, 1961.
  • Since 1966 South Korea has an Embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
 Jordan July 26, 1962[268] See Jordan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Jordan and the Republic of Korea began on July 26, 1962.
 Kenya February 7, 1964[269] See Kenya–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of Korea began on February 7, 1962.
 Kuwait June 11, 1979[270] See Kuwait–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the State of Kuwait and the Republic of Korea began on June 11, 1979.
 Lebanon February 12, 1981[271] See Lebanon–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Lebanon and the Republic of Korea began on February 12, 1981.
 Lesotho December 7, 1966[272] See Lesotho–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Republic of Korea began on December 7, 1966.
 Liberia March 18, 1964[273] See Liberia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Liberia and the Republic of Korea began on March 18, 1964.
 Libya December, 1980[274] See Libya–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Libya and the Republic of Korea began in December 1980.
 Madagascar June 25, 1962[275] See Madagascar–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Madagascar and the Republic of Korea began on June 25, 1962.
 Malawi March 9, 1965[276] See Malawi–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Malawi and the Republic of Korea began on March 9, 1965.
 Mali September 27, 1990[277] See Mali–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique du Mali and the Republic of Korea began on September 27, 1990.
 Mauritania July 30, 1963[278] See Mauritania–South Korea relations
 Mauritius July 3, 1971[279] See Mauritius–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Mauritius and the Republic of Korea began on July 3, 1971.
 Morocco July 6, 1962[280] See Morocco–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Republic of Korea began on July 6, 1962.
 Mozambique August 11, 1993[281] See Mozambique–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Mozambique and the Republic of Korea began on August 11, 1993.
 Namibia March 21, 1990[282] See Namibia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Namibia and the Republic of Korea began on March 21, 1990.
 Niger July 27, 1961[283] See Niger–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique du Niger and the Republic of Korea began on July 27, 1961.
 Nigeria February 22, 1980[284] See Nigeria–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Korea began on February 22, 1980.
 Oman March 28, 1974[285] See Oman–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Sultanate of Oman and the Republic of Korea began on March 28, 1974.
 Palestine No Relations See Palestine–South Korea relations
 Qatar April 18, 1974[286] See Qatar–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the State of Qatar and the Republic of Korea began on April 18, 1974.
 Rwanda March 21, 1963[287] See Rwanda–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Korea began on March 21, 1963.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic No Relations See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–South Korea relations
 São Tomé and Príncipe August 20, 1988[288] See São Tomé and Príncipe–South Korea relations
 Saudi Arabia October 16, 1962[289] See São Tomé and Príncipe–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Korea began on October 16, 1962.
 Senegal October 19, 1962[290] See Senegal–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique de Senegal and the Republic of Korea began on August 19, 1962.
 Seychelles June 28, 1976[291] See Seychelles–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Seychelles and the Republic of Korea began on June 28, 1976.
 Sierra Leone June 25, 1962[292] See Sierra Leone–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Sierra Leone and the Republic of Korea began on June 25, 1962.
 Somalia September 25, 1987[293] See Somalia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Somali Democratic Republic and the Republic of Korea began on September 25, 1987.
 South Africa December 1, 1992[294] See South Africa–South Korea relations
 South Sudan See South Sudan–South Korea relations
 Sudan April 13, 1977[295] See Sudan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of Korea began on April 13, 1977.
 Swaziland November 6, 1968[296] See Swaziland–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Swaziland and the Republic of Korea began on November 6, 1968.
 Syria No Relations See Syria–South Korea relations
 Tanzania April 30, 1992[297] See Tanzania–South Korea relations
 Togo July 26, 1963[298] See Togo–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republique du Togo and the Republic of Korea began on July 26, 1963.
 Tunisia March 1969[299] See Tunisia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tunisia and the Republic of Korea began in March 1969.
 United Arab Emirates June 18, 1980[300] See United Arab Emirates–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Republic of Korea began on June 18, 1980.
 Uganda 26 March 1963[301] See Uganda–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uganda and the Republic of Korea began on March 26, 1963.
 Yemen August 22, 1985[302] See Yemen–South Korea relations
  • August 22, 1985 (Former North Yemen) and May 17, 1990(Former South Yemen)
 Zambia September 4, 1990[303] See Zambia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Zambia and the Republic of Korea began on September 4, 1990.
 Zimbabwe November 18, 1994[304] See Zimbabwe–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Korea began on November 18, 1994.

No diplomatic relations

South Korea does not currently have any diplomatic relations with the following nations.

There are also no diplomatic relations with several unrecognized territories:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "N Korea 'deploying more missiles'". BBC News. 23 February 2009.
  2. ↑ "North Korea tears up agreements". BBC News. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  3. ↑ "N Korea warning over 'satellite'". BBC News. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  4. ↑ "CNN.com - Koreas agree to military hotline - Jun 4, 2004". Edition.cnn.com. 2004-06-04. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  5. ↑ "Anger at North Korea over sinking". BBC News. 2010-05-20. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
  6. ↑ Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ Text from North Korea statement, by Jonathan Thatcher, Reuters, 25-05-2010
  8. ↑ "South Korea Formally Declares End to Sunshine Policy". Voanews.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  9. ↑ Nagesh Narayana. "South Korea dumps Sunshine Policy with North, opts to go solo". Ibtimes.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  10. ↑ Hyung-Jin and Kwang-Tae Kim. "North, South Korea exchange fire; 2 marines killed". Washington Times. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  11. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Economy and Trade" (in Korean). Mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
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  13. ↑ "중미 6개국과 : 네이버 통합검색". Search.naver.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  14. ↑ "산업통상자원부 블로그 : 네이버 블로그". Blog.naver.com. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
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  18. ↑ Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  19. ↑ "South Korea-Taiwan relations 'in a rut'". Yonhap News. 2002-08-21. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
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  28. ↑ "Russia ends WTO talks with S. Korea". People's Daily. 2004-09-22. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
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  30. ↑ "Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea; October 1, 1953". Yale Law School.
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  45. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific" (in Korean). Mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  46. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific" (in Korean). Mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
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