GNGT1

Identifiers

GNGT1, GNG1, G protein subunit gamma transducin 1

External IDs

MGI: 109165 HomoloGene: 7738 GeneCards: GNGT1

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding • signal transducer activity • GTPase activity
Cellular component	• photoreceptor inner segment • membrane • photoreceptor outer segment • photoreceptor disc membrane • heterotrimeric G-protein complex • plasma membrane
Biological process	• regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway • phototransduction • protein localization • cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • cellular response to hypoxia • rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway • eye photoreceptor cell development • signal transduction
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


2792


14699

Ensembl


ENSG00000127928


ENSMUSG00000029663

UniProt


P63211


Q61012

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_021955


NM_010314

RefSeq (protein)


NP_068774.1


NP_034444.1

Location (UCSC)

Chr 7: 93.59 – 93.91 Mb

Chr 6: 3.99 – 4 Mb

PubMed search

^[1]

^[2]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1 gene.^[3]^[4]

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Scherer SW, Feinstein DS, Oliveira L, Tsui LC, Pittler SJ (Sep 1996). "Gene structure and chromosome localization to 7q21.3 of the human rod photoreceptor transducin gamma-subunit gene (GNGT1)". Genomics. 35 (1): 241–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0346. PMID 8661128.
↑ "Entrez Gene: GNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1".

Simonds WF, Butrynski JE, Gautam N, et al. (1991). "G-protein beta gamma dimers. Membrane targeting requires subunit coexpression and intact gamma C-A-A-X domain.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (9): 5363–6. PMID 1706334.
Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
Tao L, Pandey S, Simon MI, Fong HK (1993). "Structure of the bovine transducin gamma subunit gene and analysis of promoter function in transgenic mice.". Exp. Eye Res. 56 (4): 497–507. doi:10.1006/exer.1993.1063. PMID 8500562.
Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 7141–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141. PMID 8636150.
Gaudet R, Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, et al. (1999). "A molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by phosducin.". Mol. Cell. 3 (5): 649–60. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80358-5. PMID 10360181.
Xu S, Ladak R, Swanson DA, et al. (2000). "PHR1 encodes an abundant, pleckstrin homology domain-containing integral membrane protein in the photoreceptor outer segments.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (50): 35676–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.50.35676. PMID 10585447.
Marin EP, Krishna AG, Zvyaga TA, et al. (2000). "The amino terminus of the fourth cytoplasmic loop of rhodopsin modulates rhodopsin-transducin interaction.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (3): 1930–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.3.1930. PMID 10636894.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMC 2882961. PMID 12690205.
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.". Nature. 424 (6945): 157–64. doi:10.1038/nature01782. PMID 12853948.
Hinrichs MV, Montecino M, Bunster M, Olate J (2005). "Mutation of the highly conserved Arg165 and Glu168 residues of human Gsalpha disrupts the alphaD-alphaE loop and enhances basal GDP/GTP exchange rate.". J. Cell. Biochem. 93 (2): 409–17. doi:10.1002/jcb.20193. PMID 15368366.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Gao X, Sadana R, Dessauer CW, Patel TB (2007). "Conditional stimulation of type V and VI adenylyl cyclases by G protein betagamma subunits.". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (1): 294–302. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607522200. PMID 17110384.
Seo M, Lee MJ, Heo JH, et al. (2007). "G Protein betagamma subunits augment UVB-induced apoptosis by stimulating the release of soluble heparin-binding epidermal growth factor from human keratinocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (34): 24720–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M702343200. PMID 17548351.

PDB gallery

1a0r: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA

1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN

1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA

1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS

1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN

2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A

cGMP:	Transducin Gustducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G

G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16

G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2

G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1

Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK

both	Dual-specificity kinase

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2

Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

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GNGT1

References

Further reading