Hän language

Hän
Häł gołan
Native to	Canada, United States
Region	Yukon, Alaska
Ethnicity	Hän people
Native speakers	20 (1997–2007)^[1]
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Na-Dené Athabaskan Northern Athabaskan Hän
Writing system	Latin (Dené alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`haa`
Glottolog	`hann1241`^[2]

The Hän language (Dawson, Han-Kutchin, Moosehide) is a Native American endangered language spoken in only two places: Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon. There are only a few fluent speakers left (perhaps about 10), all elders.

It is a member of the Athabaskan language family, which is part of the larger Na-Dené family. The name of the language is derived from the name of the people, "Hän Hwëch'in", which in the language means "people who live along the river", the river being the Yukon. There are currently efforts to revive the language locally.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of Hän in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):

	Labial		Inter- dental		Alveolar				Post- alveolar		Retroflex		Velar		Glottal
	Labial		Inter- dental		central		lateral		Post- alveolar		Retroflex		Velar		Glottal
Nasal	[m]	m			[n̥] [n]	nh n
Stop	[p] [pʰ]	b (p)			[t] [tʰ]	d t							[k] [kʰ]	g k	[ʔ]	ʼ
					[tʼ]	t’							[kʼ]	k’
	[ᵐb]	mb			[ⁿd]	nd
Affricate			[tθ] [tθʰ]	ddh tth	[ts] [tsʰ]	dz ts	[tɬ] [tɬʰ]	dl tl	[tʃ] [tʃʰ]	dj ch	[ʈʂ] [ʈʂʰ]	dr tr
			[tθʼ]	tth’	[tsʼ]	ts’	[tɬʼ]	tl’	[tʃʼ]	ch’	[ʈʂʼ]	tr’
									[ⁿdʒ]	nj
Fricative			[θ] [ð]	th dh	[s] [z]	s z	[ɬ] [n]	ł l	[ʃ] [ʒ]	sh zh	[ʂ] [ʐ]	sr zr	[x] [ɣ]	kh gh	[h]	h
Approximant							[ɬ]	l	[j̊] [j]	yh y	[ɻ̥] [ɻ]	rh r	[w̥] [w]	wh w

Vowels

short
- a [a]
- ä [ɑ]
- e [e]
- ë [ə]
- i [i]
- o [o]
- u [u]
long
- aa [aː]
- ää [ɑː]
- ee [eː]
- ëë [əː]
- ii [iː]
- oo [oː]
- uu [uː]
diphthongs
- aw [au]
- ay [ai]
- äw [ɑu]
- ew [eu]
- ey [ei]
- iw [iu]
- oy [oi]
nasal vowels are marked by an ogonek accent, e.g., ą
low tone is marked with a grave accent, e.g., à
rising tone is marked with a circumflex accent, e.g., â
falling tone is marked with a caron (or háček), e.g., ǎ
high tone is never marked, e.g., a

Notes

↑ Hän at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Han". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

External links

Hän alphabet
Han (ANLC)

References

Hän language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

Alaska Native Language Center. Alaska Native Language Center (accessed July 24, 2005).
Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.

Athabaskan languages

Northern

Southern Alaskan	Ahtna Dena’ina

Central Alaska–Yukon	Deg Xinag Gwich’in Hän Holikachuk Koyukon Lower Tanana Northern Tutchone Southern Tutchone Tanacross Upper Kuskokwim Upper Tanana

Northwestern Canada	Dene Suline Dogrib Dunneza Kaska Sekani Slavey Tagish Tahltan

Central British Columbia	Babine–Witsuwit'en Chilcotin Dakelh

Other North Athabaskan	Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie Nicola Tsetsaut Tsuut’ina

Pacific Coast

California Athabaskan	Kato Hupa Mattole Tututni Wailaki

Oregon Athabaskan	Tolowa Upper Umpqua

Southern

Western Apachean	Chiricahua Mescalero Navajo Western Apache

Eastern Apachean	Jicarilla Lipan

Plains Apachean	Plains Apache

Italics indicate extinct languages

Languages of Alaska

Indigenous	Aleut Alutiiq Central Yup'ik Siberian Yupik Iñupiaq Tlingit Eyak Ahtna Dena’ina Deg Xinag Holikachuk Upper Kuskokwim Koyukon Lower Tanana Tanacross Upper Tanana Tsetsaut Hän Gwich'in Haida Tsimshian

Sign languages	American Sign Language

Non-Indigenous	English Spanish Ninilchik Russian

Languages of Canada

Official languages

Indigenous languages

Algonquian	Abenaki Algonquin Blackfoot Cree Innu Malecite-Passamaquoddy Mi'kmaq Munsee Naskapi Ojibwe Ottawa Potawatomi

Dené–Yeniseian	Babine-Witsuwit'en Carrier Chilcotin Chipewyan Dane-zaa Dogrib Gwich’in Hän Kaska Nicola Sarcee Sekani Slavey Tagish Tahltan Tlingit Tsetsaut Tutchone

Inuit	Inuinnaqtun Inuktitut Inupiaq Inuvialuktun

Iroquoian	Cayuga Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Seneca Tuscarora Wyandot

Salishan	Comox Halkomelem Lillooet Nuxalk Okanagan Saanich Sechelt Shuswap Squamish Thompson

Tsimshianic	Gitxsan Nisga'a Tsimshian Coast Southern

Wakashan	Ditidaht Haisla Heiltsuk-Oowekyala Kwak'wala Nuu-chah-nulth

other/isolates	Beothuk Haida Kutenai

Pidgins, creoles and mixed

Sign languages

Immigrant languages

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