Haplogroup Q-M25

Haplogroup Q-M25
Possible time of origin about 16,800YBP(YFull v3.18)
Possible place of origin Central Asia
Ancestor Q-F1096(F1215)
Defining mutations M25

Haplogroup Q-M25, also known as Q1a1b is a subclade or branch of human Y-DNA haplogroup Q-F1096 (Q1a1), which is, in turn, a subclade of Q-MEH2 (Q1a). In human genetics, each Y-DNA haplogroup consititutes a biological paternal lineages back to a shared common male ancestor.

Distribution

Q-M25 has descendants in modern populations across all of Eurasia. Recent studies on the Turkmens of Iran and Afghanistan suggest that it is dominant Y-DNA in Turkmens. Only two detailed studies on the Y-DNA on Turkmens have taken place, one found that the Turkmens in Afghanistan have 31.1% Q-M25 and 2.7% Q1a3-M346(currently Q1a2-M346)(Q total 25/74=33.8%),[1] another study found that 42.6% of Iranian Turkmens have haplogroup Q-M25 (also known as Q1a1b) [2]

The Americas

Q-M25 has not been detected in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas.

Asia

Q-M25 has been detected in the Northeast of East Asia, in South Asia, and across Central Asia.[3][4][5] Though present at low frequencies, it may be one of the more widely distributed branches of Q-M242 in Asia.

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Turkmen IranGrugni 2012[2]29/68~42.6%M25 & M143
Turkmen Afghanistan Cristofaro2013[1]23/74~31.1%M25 & M346/ (cf)Q1a3(currently Q1a2)=2/74 (Q total=33.8%)
Central Asia & SiberiaUnderhill 2000[4]6/184~3.26%M25 & M143
KalmyksMalyarchuk 2011[3]1/60~1.70%M25
Han (Shanxi)Zhong 2010[5]1/56~1.79%M25
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010[5]1/71~1.41%M25
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010[5]1/50~2.00%M25

West Asia

The frequency of Q-M25 varies greatly across West Asia. An extreme peak is seen in the Turkmen of Golestan.[2] Across the whole of Iran it varies from over 9 percent of the population in the north to only 2 to 3 percent of the population in the south.[6] The frequency of Q-M25 drops to only about 1 percent of the population of Lebanon's Muslims, and it is absent from the non-Muslim population there.[7] However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends beyond a single localized recent founder.[8]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Marsh ArabsAl-Zahery 2011[8]1/143~0.70%M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=2.1%
IraqisAl-Zahery 2011[8]0/154~0.00%M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=1.9%
Iran (North)Regueiro 2006[6]3/33~9.09%M25
Iran (South)Regueiro 2006[6]3/117~2.56%M25
Iran (Azeri)Grugni 2012[2]1/63~1.60%M25
Iran (Turkmen of Golestan)Grugni 2012[2]29/68~42.6%M25
Lebanon (Non-Muslim)Zalloua 2008[7]0/482~0.00%M25
Lebanon (Muslim)Zalloua 2008[7]4/432~0.93%M25

Europe

Q-M25 is present across modern Turkey[9] and in Eastern Europe.

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
East AnatoliaCinnioglu 2004[9]1/82~1.20%M25

Associated SNP's

Haplogroup Q-M25 is defined by the presence of the M25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M143, L714, and L716 SNPs.

Phylogenetic Tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M25.

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades

Y-DNA Backbone Tree

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F2  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ   K
I J    LT [χ 5]  K2
L T [χ 6] NO [χ 7] K2b [χ 8]     K2c  K2d  K2e [χ 9]
N   O   K2b1 [χ 10]     P
K2b1a[χ 11]     K2b1b K2b1c      M     P1 P2
K2b1a1   K2b1a2   K2b1a3 S [χ 12] Q   R
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T (M184) was known as "Haplogroup K2" – that name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
  7. ↑ Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  10. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  11. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1a has also been known as Haplogroup S-P405.
  12. ↑ Haplogroup S (S-M230), also known as K2b1a4, was previously known as Haplogroup K5.

References

  1. 1 2 J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Parolo, Silvia; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Gandini, Francesca; et al. (2012). Kivisild, Toomas, ed. "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians". PLoS ONE. 7 (7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854Freely accessible. PMID 22815981.
  3. 1 2 Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
  4. 1 2 Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into 42.6East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
  6. 1 2 3 Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration". Hum. Hered. 61 (3): 132–43. doi:10.1159/000093774. PMID 16770078.
  7. 1 2 3 Zalloua PA, Xue Y, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Debiane L, Platt DE, Royyuru AK, Herrera RJ, et al. (2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–882. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286Freely accessible. PMID 18374297.
  8. 1 2 3 Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A; Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S; Semino, Ornella (2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: A survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11: 288. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667Freely accessible. PMID 21970613.
  9. 1 2 Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Hum. Genet. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639.
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