Classification des dialectes arméniens
Classification des dialectes arméniens
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Author |
Hrachia Adjarian |
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Country |
France |
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Language |
French |
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Subject |
linguistics |
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Publisher |
Honoré Champion |
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Classification des dialectes arméniens (Classification of Armenian dialects) is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Adjarian, published in Paris. It is Adjarian's translation into French of his original work Հայ Բարբառագիտութիւն (Armenian Dialectology) that was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan. The French translation lacks the dialectal examples.
Adjarian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians: Poland, Austria-Hungary, Romania, etc.
Unlike the traditional division of Armenian into two dialects (Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian), he divided Armenian into three main dialects based on the present and imperfect indicative particles that were used. He called as the -owm (-ում) dialects, -gë (-կը) dialects, and -el (-ել) dialects. The three major dialects were further divided into subdialects.[1] The book is one of the few reliable sources of Armenian dialects that existed at the time. After the Armenian Genocide, linguists Gevorg Jahukyan, Jos Weitenberg, Bert Vaux and Hrach Martirosyan have extended the understanding of Armenian dialects.
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Map of the Armenian dialects in early 20th century:
-owm dialects, roughly corresponding to Eastern Armenian.
-el dialects.
-gë dialects, roughly corresponding to Western Armenian.
Dialects
-owm dialects
|
Dialect |
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909) |
1 |
Erivan |
Russian Empire: Erivan, Novo-Bayazet, Ordubad, Shamshadin, Shulaver, Havlabar quarter (Tbilisi) Ottoman Empire: Bayazid, Kulp |
2 |
Tbilisi |
Russian Empire: Tbilisi (except Havlabar quarter) |
3 |
Karabakh |
Russian Empire: Shusha, Elisabethpol, Nukha, Baku, Derbent, Ağstafa, Dilijan, Karakilis, Kazak, Lori, Jebrayil, Goris
Qajar Persia: Karadagh, Mujumbar; Lilava quarter of Tabriz
Ottoman Empire: Burdur, Ödemiş villages near Izmir |
4 |
Shamakha |
Russian Empire: Shamakhi, Kuba and nearby villages |
5 |
Astrakhan |
Russian Empire: Astrakhan, North Caucasus
Qajar Persia: Tabriz |
6 |
Julfa |
Russian Empire: Julfa
Qajar Persia: Isfahan (New Julfa quarter), Shiraz, Hamadan, Bushehr, Tehran, Qazvin, Rasht, Bandar-e Anzali |
7 |
Agulis |
Russian Empire: Agulis, Tsghna, Handamej, Tanakert, Ramis, Dasht, Kaghaki |
-el dialects
-el dialects |
|
Dialect |
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909) |
1 |
Maragha |
Qajar Persia: Maragha and surrounding villages |
2 |
Khoy |
Qajar Persia: Khoy, Salmas, Maku, Urmia
Russian Empire: Igdir, Nakhichevan; Zangezur settlements: Kori, Alighuli, Mughanjugh, Karashen, Alilu, Angeghakot, Ghushchi-Tazakend, Tazakend, Uz, Mazra, Balak, Shaghat, Ltsen, Sisian, Nerkin Kilisa |
3 |
Artvin |
Russian Empire: Artvin, Ardahan, Artanuj, Olti |
-gë dialects
|
Dialect |
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909) |
1 |
Erzurum |
Ottoman Empire: Erzurum, Ispir, Kaghzvan
Russian Empire: Kars, Alexandropol, Akhalkalak, Akhaltskha |
2 |
Mush |
Ottoman Empire: Mush, Sasun, Bitlis, Khizan, Khlat, Arjesh, Bulanikh, Manazkert, Khnus, Alashkert
Russian Empire: Aparan; Mets Kznut and surrounding villages; 4 villages in Javakhk: Eshtia, Ujmana, Toria, Martuni |
3 |
Van |
Ottoman Empire: Van, Diadin, Moks, Bashkale, Shatakh
Russian Empire: Basargechar and surrounding villages |
4 |
Diarbekir |
Ottoman Empire: Diarbekir, Lice, Hazro, Hazzo, Khizan, Severek, Urfa (Edesia) |
5 |
Kharberd-Yerznka |
Ottoman Empire: Kharpert, Yerznka, Balu, Tchapaghjur, Chmshkatsag, Charsanjak, Kghi, Dersim, Kamakh |
6 |
Shabin-Karahisar |
Ottoman Empire: Shabin-Karahisar, Akıncılar |
7 |
Trebizond |
Ottoman Empire: Trebizond, Bayburt, Gyumushkhane, Kirasun |
8 |
Hamshen |
Ottoman Empire: Hamshen, Ünye, Fatsa, Terme, Çarşamba
Russian Empire: Sukhumi, Sochi, Poti, |
9 |
Malatia |
Ottoman Empire: Malatia, Adıyaman |
10 |
Cilicia |
Ottoman Empire: Hadjin, Zeytun, Marash, Kilis, Alexandretta, Payas, Svedia |
11 |
Syria |
Ottoman Empire: Aramo |
12 |
Arabkir |
Ottoman Empire: Arabkir, Divrig, Gürün, Darende, villages of Kesaria |
13 |
Akn |
Ottoman Empire: Akn and surrounding villages |
14 |
Sivas |
Ottoman Empire: Sivas and 45 surrounding villages |
15 |
Tokat |
Ottoman Empire: Tokat, Amasia, Marsivan, Ordu, Samsun, Sinop |
16 |
Smyrna |
Ottoman Empire: Smyrna, Manisa, Menemen and surrounding villages |
17 |
Izmit |
Ottoman Empire: Nicomedia, Adapazar and the following villages: Yalova, Partizak, Geyve, Ortaköy, Sölöz, Benli, İznik, etc., |
18 |
Constantinople |
Ottoman Empire: Constantinople |
19 |
Rodosto |
Ottoman Empire: Rodosto, Malgara |
20 |
Nakhichevan-on-Don |
Russian Empire: Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Yekaterinodar, Yekaterinoslav, Anapa, Maykop, Taganrog, Dneprovskaya, Nogaysk, Novocherkassk, Theodosia, Simferopol, Karasubazar, Baghchesaray, Eupatoria |
21 |
Austria-Hungary |
Poland
Bukovina, Transylvania, Hungary |
References