Lake Merced

Lake Merced
Location San Francisco, California
Coordinates 37°43′12″N 122°29′42″W / 37.72°N 122.495°W / 37.72; -122.495Coordinates: 37°43′12″N 122°29′42″W / 37.72°N 122.495°W / 37.72; -122.495
Type Reservoir
Primary inflows Spring
Basin countries United States
Surface area 650 acres (260 ha)
Surface elevation 23 ft (7 m)
References U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lake Merced
Lake Merced
Type Municipal (San Francisco)
Location San Francisco
Area 614 acres (2.48 km2; 0.96 sq mi)
Created 1940s
Status Open all year

Lake Merced is a freshwater lake in the southwest corner of San Francisco, in the U.S. state of California. It is surrounded by three golf courses (the private Olympic Club and San Francisco Golf Club, and the public TPC Harding Park), as well as residential areas, Lowell High School, San Francisco State University, Lakeshore Alternative Elementary School, Stonestown Galleria, Fort Funston and the Pacific Ocean. The San Francisco Police Department shooting range, as well as a skeet shooting club and the city's National Guard armory are also in the area. The lake is home of the Pacific Rowing Club and St. Ignatius College Prep Rowing Team, both competitive rowing programs for San Francisco high school students.

History

Lake Merced was originally christened Laguna de Nuestra Señora de la Merced by Captain Don Bruno de Heceta in 1775.[1] Father Pedro Font, while on the de Anza Expedition to found the Presidio of San Francisco in March, 1776 wrote in his diary, "we saw a grove of live oaks near which is the Laguna de la Merced, where Captain Ribera stopped; and here we saw many bears (California Grizzly Bear)..."[2]

At approximately 11pm of November 22, 1852, a shock was reported to have occurred by those in the areas around the Lake[3] and the following day reports were made that "...a fissure half a mile wide and three hundred yards long was discovered, through which the waters of Lake Merced were flowing to the sea." The most probable cause of the shock was attributed to heavy rains forcing a passage through the sandbank at the north-west. The Lake is reported to have lost 30 feet (9 meters) of water. A map from 1881 shows that the Lake still had a passage to sea, 29 years later.<ref name=David Rumsey's Map Collection>http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~26035~1100417?id=1-1-26035-1100417&name=Bancroft%2527s+Official+Guide+Map+Of+City+And+County+Of+San+Francisco</ref>

Once owned by Francisco De Haro, first Alcalde of Yerba Buena, as part of the Galindo ranch, the Spring Valley Water Company bought the water rights for the Lake in 1868, and the surrounding watershed in successive years.[4] By purchasing all local supply, the company created a monopoly on San Francisco's water. It was not until 1908, when the city approved construction of O'Shaughnessy Dam creating the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, that the city gained municipal control. Prior to the construction of the dam, Lake Merced was to serve as the city's main reservoir, with plans to expand the lake into land that is now the San Francisco State University campus. Around this time, Spring Valley sold off some of its land on Lake Merced, making way for the golf courses that exist today. In 1940, Metropolitan Life bought the last of Spring Valley's land to build the Parkmerced apartment complex. Lake Merced at one time directly flowed into the ocean.

Ecology

Foggy Morning at Lake Merced.

The lake is fed by an underground spring, and at one time it did have an outlet to the ocean as shown on an 1869 United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Map.[1] The salt level was always fluctuating, and therefore some species of fish which inhabit the lake are salt and freshwater adapted. There is active recreational fishing at the lake. The lake's water level had been shrinking for decades, endangering the historic role of Lake Merced to support a healthy ecosystem.[5] Due to better management of the aquifer and occasional additions of water, lake level has been rising since 1990.[6]

Famous duel

On September 13, 1859, Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court David S. Terry killed United States Senator David C. Broderick in a duel at the lake.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 David L. Durham (2001). Durham's Place-Names of the San Francisco Bay Area: Includes Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Contra Costa, Alameda, Solano & Santa Clara Counties. Word Dancer Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-884995-35-4. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  2. ↑ Pedro Font. Expanded Diary of Pedro Font. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  3. ↑ Youd, T. L.; Hoose, S. N. (1978). "Historic Ground Failures in Northern California Triggered by Earthquakes" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
  4. ↑ Sara Marcellino; Brandon Jebens (24 May 2001). "The History of Human Use at Lake Merced". San Francisco State University. Retrieved 2013-09-18.
  5. ↑ Vivian Matuk; Nick Salcedo (17 July 2001). "Lake Merced Hydrology and Water Quality". San Francisco State University. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  6. ↑ http://www.museumca.org/creeks/1700-OBDCPix4.html Lake Level Fluctuations
  7. ↑ Hittell, Theodore Henry (1898). "History of California". iv. San Francisco, California: N. J. Stone & Company: 224.
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