List of Major League Baseball managers

A man in a straw boater with a dark band and a dark suit, white shirt, and light-colored tie (black-and-white photo from the shoulders up)
Connie Mack holds the records for most wins (3,731) and losses (3,948) by a Major League Baseball manager.

Major League Baseball is the highest level of play in North American professional baseball, and is the organization that operates the National League and the American League. In 2000, the two leagues were officially disbanded as separate legal entities, and all of their rights and functions were consolidated in the commissioner's office.[1] Since that time, Major League Baseball has operated as a single league, and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States. It is composed of 30 teams.[2]

Each team in the league has a manager, who is responsible for team strategy and leadership on and off the field.[3] Assisted by various coaches, the manager sets the line-up and starting pitcher before each game, and makes substitutions throughout the game. In early baseball history, it was not uncommon for players to fill multiple roles as player-managers; specifically, they managed the team while still being signed to play for the club.[4] The last player-manager in Major League Baseball was Pete Rose, who began managing the Cincinnati Reds in 1984.[5]

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim manager Mike Scioscia is currently the longest-tenured manager with the same team in Major League Baseball, having led the Angels since 2000. The longest-tenured manager with the same team in the National League is Bruce Bochy, who has led the San Francisco Giants since 2006. The Miami Marlins, Seattle Mariners, San Diego Padres, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Washington Nationals will all begin the 2016 season with new managers: respectively, Don Mattingly, Scott Servais, Andy Green, Dave Roberts, and Dusty Baker. Additionally, the Philadelphia Phillies and Milwaukee Brewers will retain managers who had been midseason replacement managers during the 2015 season: Pete Mackanin and Craig Counsell.

Connie Mack holds the Major League Baseball record for most games won as a manager, with 3,731, and most managed with 7,755. Bruce Bochy has the most wins among active managers, with 1,618, and games managed, with 3,222, as of the end of the 2013 season.[5] The all-time leaders in championships won in the World Series era (1903–present) are Joe McCarthy and Casey Stengel, who each won seven championships with the New York Yankees.[5]

National League

Eastern Division

Atlanta Braves

Snitker signing autographs for Braves fans in 2012.

The Atlanta Braves National League franchise originated in Boston, Massachusetts in 1871. The team has employed 45 managers, who have led the team in three different cities: Boston (1871–1952), Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1953–1965), and Atlanta (1966–present).[6] The first manager was Harry Wright. The longest-tenured manager is Bobby Cox, who retired at the end of the 2010 season.[7] Cox served as skipper of the Braves for 20 consecutive seasons (1990–2010),[8] and holds the major league record for managerial ejections,[9] with 151.[10] Cox' win–loss record was 2,058–1,638 with the Braves (he previously managed the Toronto Blue Jays).[11] He won four Manager of the Year Awards (1985, 1991, 2004–2005)[12] and led the Braves to 14 consecutive division titles (3 in the National League West and 11 in the East; 1991–2005 excluding the 1994 strike-shortened season), winning one World Series in 1995.[6] Fredi González succeeded Cox as manager. Gonzalez was fired on May 17 2016.[13]On May 17, 2016, the Atlanta Braves named Snitker as their interim manager. On October 11, 2016, the Braves named Snitker as their full-time manager for the 2017 season.[14]

Miami Marlins

A profile view of a light-skinned man in a blue baseball cap, reading "LA" in interlocked white letters, and a blue jacket with a white stripe on the collar pointing to his cap.
Don Mattingly joined the Miami Marlins in 2016.

The Marlins franchise entered the National League in 1993 as an expansion team, and was known as the Florida Marlins until 2011. The franchise's first manager was Rene Lachemann, who accumulated 285 losses during his four-season tenure. Jim Leyland and Jack McKeon each guided the team to World Series victories, in 1997 and 2003, respectively;[15] however, the team has never won the East Division. Marlins managers have never lost a playoff series, the only franchise in Major League Baseball to accomplish the feat.[16] McKeon is the franchise leader in wins (281).[15] Joe Girardi won the Manager of the Year Award in his only season managing the Marlins (2006); he is the only manager to win the award while fielding a team with a losing record, and the only manager to win with a team that finished in fourth place in its division.[12] Jack McKeon was named the team's interim manager in 2011, having been named to the position following the mid-season resignation of Edwin Rodríguez.[17][18] At the conclusion of the 2011 season, the Marlins hired Ozzie Guillén to be their manager for the 2012 season.[19] After firing Guillen, the Marlins named Mike Redmond as their manager. Redmond was fired on May 17, 2015 and replaced by Dan Jennings.[20] On October 29, 2015, it was reported that Mattingly would be signing a four-year contract to manage the Miami Marlins.[21]

New York Mets

Collins in 2015.

The successor to two previous National League franchises in New York City (the Giants and the Dodgers), the New York Mets have played in Queens since 1964, when they vacated the Polo Grounds in Manhattan and moved to Shea Stadium.[22][23] Casey Stengel was the first of twenty managers, and the current manager is Terry Collins.[24] Collins' Mets record was 394–416; combined with his managerial tenures with the Houston Astros and Anaheim Angels, his record is 838–850.[25] The Mets made the playoffs in Collins' fifth season as manager, and played in the 2015 World Series. Davey Johnson is the franchise leader in regular-season wins, with 595 during his seven-season tenure, while Bobby Valentine's 467 losses from 1996 to 2002 are the most by a manager in team history, though he is second in regular-season wins in the franchise.[24]

Philadelphia Phillies

Pete Mackanin managed the Phillies

The National League franchise in Philadelphia was established in 1883 following the dissolution of Worcester. The team adopted the Philadelphia Phillies name in 1884 and has used the moniker, and been located in the city, since that time.[26] The team's first manager was Bob Ferguson. Charlie Manuel was the manager from 2005 to 2013 until he was fired on August 16, 2013 he was replaced by the 3rd base coach Ryne Sandberg. Sandberg resigned on June 26, 2015. Pete Mackanin was the replacement. Manuel was the first Phillies manager since Dallas Green in 1980 to win a World Series (2008)[27] and to lead his team to five consecutive playoff appearances since Danny Ozark (1976–1978).[28] Manuel's career managerial record is 867–678, having previously managed the Cleveland Indians; his record with the Phillies was 780-636 surpassing Gene Mauch's previous regular season record of 645 wins (1960–68).[29] The Phillies won five consecutive division championships (2007–2011) and back-to-back National League pennants (2008–2009) during Manuel's tenure.[28] Manuel has the most postseason wins (27) in team history, while Ozark has the most playoff losses (9). Larry Bowa is the only Phillies skipper to capture the Manager of the Year Award, which he won in 2001.[12] Four Phillies managers have been inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame for service to the Phillies: Paul Owens, Bowa, Gavvy Cravath, and Green.[30]

Washington Nationals

Dusty Baker, the current manager of the Washington Nationals

The Washington Nationals franchise was established in Montreal, Quebec in 1969 as an expansion team.[31] Originally known as the Montreal Expos,[31] the team's first manager was Gene Mauch, who led the team for seven seasons. Felipe Alou is the manager with the most wins (691) and losses (717) in franchise history,[32] and won the 1994 Manager of the Year Award with the club.[12] Jim Fanning is the only Expos or Nationals manager to appear in the Major League Baseball postseason; his .529 regular season winning percentage is the highest in franchise history. The only other Expos or Nationals manager with a winning percentage above .500 is Buck Rodgers (.510),[32] who won the 1987 Manager of the Year Award.[12] Dusty Baker was hired as the manager on November 3, 2015.

Central Division

Chicago Cubs

Maddon with the Chicago Cubs.

The Chicago Cubs franchise began as the Chicago White Stockings in 1876, with Albert Spalding as the franchise's inaugural manager. The team's second manager, Cap Anson, set team records in games managed (2,194), seasons managed (18), and wins (1,242). Frank Chance, part of the famous Tinker to Evers to Chance double-play combination—all of whom managed the franchise at some point—has the best winning percentage in club history (.664), and is the only manager to lead the Cubs franchise to World Series victory, winning in 1907 and 1908.[33] During the early 1960s, owner Philip K. Wrigley utilized a "College of Coaches", using a rotating system of multiple managers rather than a single field leader.[34] Lou Piniella managed the Cubs from 2007–2010 and led the team to consecutive postseason appearances in 2007 and 2008,[35] becoming the first manager to lead the team to multiple postseasons since Charlie Grimm's four appearances from 1932–1935. Dale Sveum was hired for the 2012 season and let go at the end of the 2013 season. After firing Sveum, Rick Renteria was hired as manager. Renteria was replaced as the manager of the Cubs by Joe Maddon formerly of the Tampa Bay Rays. Maddon was introduced to the press on Nov. 3, 2014.

Cincinnati Reds

Price as the Reds' pitching coach, 2011

Similar to their division counterparts, the Cincinnati Reds were established as the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1882, and have employed 59 managers under 3 different names since that time.[36] The team's first manager was Pop Snyder, who led the team to an American Association championship in their inaugural season.[37] His .648 winning percentage is highest among Reds managers who have led the team for more than one complete season. Seven managers have led the franchise to the postseason, while four have won World Series: Pat Moran in 1919; Bill McKechnie in 1940; Sparky Anderson in 1975 and 1976; and Lou Piniella in 1990. Anderson is the franchise's all-time leader in regular-season games managed (1,450) and regular-season game wins (863).[38] Jack McKeon is the only manager to win the Manager of the Year Award with the team,[12] and the current manager is Bryan Price who was hired in October 2013 for the 2014 season. Dusty Baker was the previous manager whom was ultimately fired after the loss in the 2013 playoffs to the Pittsburgh Pirates.[38]

Milwaukee Brewers

Counsell with the Milwaukee Brewers.

Established in 1969 as the Pilots in Seattle, Washington, the team moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin the following season,[39] which brought top-flight baseball back to Wisconsin for the first time since the Braves departed after the 1965 season.[40] The Brewers have been members of the National League since 1998; prior to that, the team played as a member of the American League Central Division.[41] As such, they are the only team to appear in the Major League Baseball postseason representing both major leagues. Buck Rodgers and Harvey Kuenn led the team to one American League playoff appearance each,[39] and Dale Sveum led the team to the 2008 National League wild card after replacing the fired Ned Yost with 12 games remaining in the season.[42] Kuenn leads the franchise in playoff wins (6)[43] and is the only manager inducted into the Milwaukee Brewers Walk of Fame,[44] while Garner is the franchise's all-time managerial wins leader (563).[43] The team's current manager is Craig Counsell, a former infielder who played part of his career with the Brewers, and who was hired after Ron Roenicke was fired on May 3, 2015.[45]

Pittsburgh Pirates

Hurdle with the Pittsburgh Pirates.

The Pittsburgh Pirates joined the National League in 1887 after five seasons as members of the American Association.[46] Al Pratt was the first manager in franchise history, while the first manager after joining Major League Baseball was Horace B. Phillips.[46] The manager is currently Clint Hurdle. Fred Clarke, who managed from 1900 through 1915, holds franchise records in wins and losses (1422–969), as well as winning percentage among managers who led the team for a full season or more (.595).[47] Clarke was the first manager to lead the team to the postseason and to win a World Series; other managers to do so include Bill McKechnie (one playoff appearance, one World Series victory), Chuck Tanner (one playoff appearance, one World Series victory), and Danny Murtaugh, who leads franchise managers with two World Series victories and five playoff appearances.[47]

St. Louis Cardinals

Matheny in 2013.

Since their 1882 establishment, the St. Louis Cardinals, originally known as the St. Louis Browns, have employed 63 managers.[48] Ned Cuthbert was the franchise's original manager, and Mike Matheny is the team's current skipper.[49] Tony La Russa leads the team in regular-season and postseason wins (1,231 and 33), regular-season and postseason losses (1,029 and 25), and playoff appearances (7). La Russa and Hall of Famer Billy Southworth won two World Series, tied for the most in club history by a single manager.[49] Charles Comiskey leads the team in winning percentage (.685),[b] and is one of thirteen Cardinals managers who have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame[49]—three of whom (Comiskey, Southworth, Red Schoendienst) had multiple tenures with the club.[50][51][52] La Russa and Whitey Herzog each won a Manager of the Year award with the Cardinals—Herzog in 1985 and La Russa in 2002, the fourth of his career.[12]

Western Division

Arizona Diamondbacks

Torey Lovullo with the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Five managers have led the Arizona Diamondbacks since their entry into the National League as an expansion team in 1998.[53] Buck Showalter was the team's inaugural manager, winning 250 games in three seasons.[54] Bob Brenly, the franchise leader in regular-season wins (303) and postseason wins (11), is the only manager to win a World Series with the club, in only its fourth season of existence.[54] During the 2004 season, Brenly was replaced by his third-base coach, Al Pedrique, who won 22 out of his 83 games managed. Bob Melvin took over beginning in 2005, amassing a .500 winning percentage in his 486 games managed.[54] Kirk Gibson was promoted from bench coach to take over as manager after A. J. Hinch's dismissal in July 2010, and remained as manager before being fired with three games left in the 2014 season.[54][55] After firing Gibson, bench coach Alan Trammell managed the club for the remaining three games, despite also being fired. The Diamondbacks named former Oakland Athletics bench coach Chip Hale as manager. He will manage his first season with the team in 2015.He was fired from the managerial position on October 3, 2016.[56]On November 4, 2016, Lovullo was hired to replace Chip Hale as the Diamondbacks manager for the 2017 season.[57] He followed D'backs GM Mike Hazen from Boston to Arizona, and Hazen hired Lovullo over fellow finalist Phil Nevin.

Colorado Rockies

The Rockies' managerial position is currently vacant after Walt Weiss's resignation on October 3, 2016. Like the Diamondbacks, the Colorado Rockies have also had five managers since the franchise was founded in 1993. Don Baylor, the team's inaugural manager, has a .484 winning percentage, best among managers who have led the team for one full season or more.[58] He led the team for five seasons, accruing a record of 440–469. Jim Leyland followed Baylor, managing the Rockies for one season and amassing a 70–92 record, after which he was replaced by Buddy Bell. Bell led the Rockies for parts of three seasons until he was replaced during the 2002 season by Clint Hurdle. Hurdle, who managed the team from 2002 until his firing during the 2009 season, leads the franchise in managerial regular-season wins (535) and losses (625), as well as playoff wins (7) and losses (4).[58] The most recent manager was Walt Weiss. Jim Tracy (baseball), who was Hurdle's bench coach and replaced him on May 29, 2009.[59] The Rockies went 74–42 during his partial season at the helm, advancing to the 2009 National League Division Series against the Phillies; for his efforts, Tracy became the first Rockies manager to be named Manager of the Year.[60] Walt Weiss was named the Rockies manager for 2013 after Jim Tracy resigned. Weiss led the Rockies to an unexpected respectable 2013 campaign and rewarded with a 3-year contract extension in October 2013.

Los Angeles Dodgers

Roberts as manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2016.

The Los Angeles Dodgers began play in 1884 as the Brooklyn Atlantics and were known by several nicknames before adopting the Dodgers name in 1932.[61] Since its inception, the franchise has employed 30 managers.[62] George Taylor was the team's manager for their inaugural 1884 season; Dave Roberts was announced as the latest manager on November 23, 2015.[63] From 1954 to 1996, the team employed only two managers, who hold many of the team's managerial records. Walter Alston led the team from 1954 until the end of the 1976 season, during which time he won 2,040 games and lost 1,613; both totals are franchise records, along with his 22 seasons managed.[64] He was replaced at the end of the 1976 season by Tommy Lasorda, who managed the team until 1996. Lasorda is second behind Alston in wins (1,599) and losses (1,439), holds the franchise records for more playoff wins (31) and losses (30),[65] and won two Manager of the Year Awards (1983 and 1988).[12] Alston and Lasorda are the only managers to lead the team to a World Series championship, with Alston winning four during his tenure and Lasorda winning two.[64][65] Bill McGunnigle leads all Dodgers managers[c] in winning percentage (.660).[66] Two managers, Leo Durocher and Burt Shotton, had multiple tenures with the team. Hall of Famers to lead the franchise include Alston, Durocher, Lasorda, Casey Stengel, John Montgomery Ward, Wilbert Robinson, Ned Hanlon, Max Carey, and Burleigh Grimes;[62] the last three were inducted primarily as players rather than managers.[67]

San Diego Padres

The San Diego Padres joined Major League Baseball as an expansion team in 1969.[68] Preston Gómez managed the team from the inaugural season until 1972.[69] In total, the franchise has had 16 managers. Bud Black was employed in the position since being hired prior to the 2007 season, and he was fired on June 15, 2015. He was replaced by Dave Roberts for 1 game. Then Pat Murphy took over.[70] Bruce Bochy is the manager with the longest tenure, leading the team for 12 seasons from 1995 through 2006.[69] Bochy is also the only Padres skipper to win the Manager of the Year Award,[12] and leads the team in regular-season wins (951) and losses (975), as well as playoff wins (8) and losses (16).[69] The franchise leader in winning percentage among managers who have led the team for a full season or more is Jack McKeon (.541 over three seasons). Besides Bochy, Dick Williams is the only Padres manager to lead the team to a National League pennant; Williams won 337 games in his four seasons with the club and is the only one of San Diego's sixteen managers to be elected to the Hall of Fame.[69] On October 29, 2015, Andy Green was named manager of the San Diego Padres.[71][72]

San Francisco Giants

Bochy with the Giants in April 2011 at Dodger Stadium.

The San Francisco Giants were originally established as the New York Gothams in 1883.[73] In its 127 Major League Baseball seasons, the franchise has employed 36 managers. The first manager in franchise history was John Clapp, and Bruce Bochy, who led the division-rival Padres for 12 years, is the team's current manager.[74] John McGraw leads the team in regular-season wins (2,583) and losses (1,790), games managed (4,424), and playoff wins (26) and losses (28).[75] McGraw's three championships are the most among Giants managers; other managers to win the league's championship with the franchise include Jim Mutrie (two), Durocher (one), and Bill Terry (one).[74] Mutrie leads all Giants managers in winning percentage (.605).[76] Hall of Famers to lead the team on the field include McGraw, Ward, Durocher, Terry, George Davis, Cap Anson, Buck Ewing, Mel Ott, and Frank Robinson[74]—the first African-American manager in Major League Baseball.[77] Bruce Bochy is the current manager.

Current National League managers

Team Division Manager Date of hire Previous
Arizona Diamondbacks West Lovullo, ToreyTorey Lovullo November 4, 2016 Hale, ChipChip Hale
Atlanta Braves East Snitker, BrianBrian Snitker May 17, 2016 Gonzalez, FrediFredi Gonzalez
Chicago Cubs Central Maddon, JoeJoe Maddon November 3, 2014 Renteria, RickRick Renteria
Cincinnati Reds Central , Bryan PriceBryan Price October 21, 2013 Baker, DustyDusty Baker
Colorado Rockies West Black, BudBud Black November 6, 2016 Weiss, WaltWalt Weiss
Los Angeles Dodgers West Roberts, DaveDave Roberts November 23, 2015 Mattingly, DonDon Mattingly
Miami Marlins East Mattingly, DonDon Mattingly November 2, 2015 Jennings, DanDan Jennings
Milwaukee Brewers Central Counsell, CraigCraig Counsell May 4, 2015 Roenicke, RonRon Roenicke
New York Mets East Collins, TerryTerry Collins November 23, 2010 Manuel, JerryJerry Manuel
Philadelphia Phillies East Mackanin, PetePete Mackanin June 26, 2015 Sandberg, RyneRyne Sandberg
Pittsburgh Pirates Central Hurdle, ClintClint Hurdle November 14, 2010 Russell, JohnJohn Russell
San Diego Padres West Green, AndyAndy Green October 29, 2015 Murphy, PatPat Murphy
San Francisco Giants West Bochy, BruceBruce Bochy October 27, 2006 Alou, FelipeFelipe Alou
St. Louis Cardinals Central Matheny, MikeMike Matheny November 14, 2011 La Russa, TonyTony La Russa
Washington Nationals East Baker, DustyDusty Baker November 3, 2015 Williams, MattMatt Williams

American League

Eastern Division

Baltimore Orioles

A light-skinned man in a black baseball jacket with "Orioles" in orange script and a black baseball cap with an orange and black bird on the front touches his cap with his left hand.
Buck Showalter is the current manager of the Baltimore Orioles

The Baltimore Orioles franchise was established in 1901 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as the Brewers (not to be confused with the National League team), with Hugh Duffy as its inaugural manager.[78] The following season, the team moved to St. Louis, Missouri, adopted the St. Louis Browns name, and changed managers to Jimmy McAleer.[78] For the 1954 season, the Browns moved to Baltimore, Maryland, where they became the Orioles, named after Maryland's state bird, and named Jimmie Dykes their new manager.[78] In total, the franchise has employed 40 managers since its inception.[79] Earl Weaver leads Orioles managers in regular-season wins (1,480) and losses (1,060), playoff wins (28) and losses (18), and American League pennants (4).[80] Weaver was the second of three managers to lead the Orioles to a World Series championship,[80] preceded by Hank Bauer and followed by Joe Altobelli.[81][82] Luman Harris is the franchise leader in winning percentage among managers who have led the team for more than one full season.[83] Members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum to manage the club include Duffy, Weaver, Bobby Wallace, Branch Rickey, George Sisler, Rogers Hornsby, Jim Bottomley, and Frank Robinson,[79] though Weaver is the only one to have been inducted to the Hall for his accomplishments as a manager.[67] Juan Samuel was the Orioles' interim manager, having replaced Dave Trembley,[84] but was replaced by Buck Showalter in August 2010.

Boston Red Sox

Farrell in 2013.

The Boston Red Sox of Boston, Massachusetts, began in 1901 as the Americans and adopted the Red Sox name in 1908.[85] Jimmy Collins was the team's first manager; John Farrell is now the manager since the departure of Bobby Valentine at the end of the 2012 season.[86] Joe Cronin, a Hall of Famer elected as a player,[67] holds franchise records for the most regular-season managerial wins and losses (1,071–916),[87] while the team's most successful postseason manager is Terry Francona, (28–14 in 42 playoff games managed).[88] Francona and Bill Carrigan each led the team to two World Series championships;[88][89] other managers to win championships with the team include Collins, who won the first World Series in 1903, Jake Stahl, and Ed Barrow,[86] whose 1918 championship was the team's last until Francona's 2004 win, sometimes attributed to the Curse of the Bambino.[90] Stahl is the franchise's leader in winning percentage among managers (.621).[91] Besides Cronin, other Hall of Fame managers to lead the Red Sox include Collins, Bucky Harris, Joe McCarthy, Lou Boudreau, Billy Herman, and Dick Williams;[86] Boudreau and Herman were inducted to the Hall of Fame as players.[67]

New York Yankees

Girardi managing the Yankees in 2011.

The franchise currently known as the New York Yankees was originally established in 1901 as the Baltimore Orioles (unrelated to their current divisional rivals). After moving to New York City in 1903 and adopting the name New York Highlanders, the team was renamed the Yankees in 1913.[92] Since the beginning of the 1901 season, 34 managers have led the Yankees, beginning with John McGraw, who managed the team until the middle of the 1902 season, when he was replaced.[93] Joe McCarthy, who also managed the rival Red Sox, accumulated the most managerial wins (1,460) and losses (867) as a Yankee skipper during his tenure encompassing parts of 16 seasons.[94] While leading the Yankees, McCarthy won 29 playoff games, the franchise's third-highest total, and 7 World Series championships,[94] tied for the most in team history with Casey Stengel.[95] Joe Torre, who led the Yankees for 12 seasons, has the most postseason wins (76) and losses (47) in team history; he won four World Series during his tenure.[96] McGraw, McCarthy, Stengel and Torre are all members of the Hall of Fame, as are Yankee managers Wilbert Robinson, Clark Griffith, Frank Chance, Miller Huggins (who won three World Series championships with the Yankees), Bill Dickey, Yogi Berra, and Bob Lemon;[93] Chance, Dickey, Berra, and Lemon were inducted as players rather than managers.[67] Also notable among Yankee managers is Billy Martin, who was named the Yankees skipper for five different tenures, leading the team from 1975 to 1978, and during the 1979, 1983, 1985, and 1988 seasons.[97] The current manager is Joe Girardi, who went 11–4 in the postseason and won the 2009 World Series during his second season as skipper.[93]

Tampa Bay Rays

Cash with the Boston Red Sox

The Tampa Bay Rays, originally named the Devil Rays, joined Major League Baseball at its last expansion in 1998.[98] The team's inaugural manager was Larry Rothschild, who spent his entire managerial career with the Rays.[99] He managed the team for parts of four seasons and accrued a 205–294 record.[100] Rothschild was replaced during the 2001 season by Hal McRae.[100] Before the 2003 season, McRae was replaced by Lou Piniella, who led the team for three seasons. After 2005, Piniella departed and was replaced by Joe Maddon,[100] who has statistically been the most successful manager in franchise history. Maddon is the only manager to lead the Rays to the postseason, accumulating an 8–8 record and leading his team to the 2008 World Series. He leads all Rays managers in games managed (648), regular season wins (308) and losses (340), and winning percentage (.475).[101] Maddon also won the 2008 and 2011 American League Manager of the Year Award.[12] Maddon opted out of his contract in late October 2014. On December 5, 2014, the Rays hired former Cleveland Indians bullpen coach Kevin Cash to replace Maddon.

Toronto Blue Jays

Gibbons with the Toronto Blue Jays.

Since 2005, the Toronto Blue Jays are the only team in Major League Baseball based outside of the United States.[102] Established in 1977, the Blue Jays' first manager was Roy Hartsfield, who held the position for two seasons.[103] The team's current manager is John Gibbons. Toronto's most successful manager, Cito Gaston, leads the team in regular-season managerial wins (809) and losses (760), postseason appearances (34), and playoff wins (18) and losses (16).[104] He is the only manager to win a championship with the Blue Jays; the team won consecutive championships in 1992 and 1993,[103] becoming the only team to date based outside of the United States to win a World Series and, upon completing their 1993 victory, the first team to win a World Series on foreign soil.[105] Bobby Cox, who managed the team from 1982 to 1985,[11] is the only Blue Jays skipper to win the Manager of the Year Award, which he received in 1985.[12]

Central Division

Chicago White Sox

Rick_Renteria in White Sox Managers.

Established in 1901, the Chicago White Sox have employed 37 managers since the franchise's inception, beginning with Clark Griffith.[106] Griffith managed the team for two seasons, and is one of nine White Sox managers to be inducted into the Hall of Fame; the others include Hugh Duffy, Johnny Evers, Ed Walsh, Eddie Collins, Ray Schalk, Ted Lyons, Al López, Bob Lemon and Larry Doby.[106] Jimmie Dykes is the all-time leader in regular-season wins and losses (899–940),[107] and Fielder Jones' .592 winning percentage leads all White Sox managers.[108] Three managers have led the team to a World Series victory: Jones, Pants Rowland, and Ozzie Guillén.[106] Guillén is also the franchise's leader in playoff victories (12),[109] while Kid Gleason's 5 losses are the highest total in team history.[110] Griffith also won one American League championship before the modern World Series was contested.[111] The team's current manager is Rick Renteria, who was named to the position on October 6, 2011.[112]or the 2017 season, Renteria will be replacing White Sox manager Robin Ventura.[113]

Cleveland Indians

Francona with the Cleveland Indians.

The team now known as the Cleveland Indians has played under several monikers since its inception in 1901, including the Cleveland Blues or Bluebirds, the Cleveland Bronchos, and the Cleveland Naps[114] (so named because of popular player and manager Nap Lajoie).[115] Forty managers have led the team, starting with Jimmy McAleer, since it was established in Cleveland, Ohio in 1901.[114] Lajoie was the first manager in team history to finish his career with a winning record.[116] Lou Boudreau leads all Indians managers with 728 wins and 649 losses.[117] He and Tris Speaker are the only managers to win a championship with Cleveland: Speaker in 1920 and Boudreau in 1948,[117][118] the last championship for the franchise.[119] Other managers to appear in the postseason with Cleveland include Al López, Mike Hargrove (who leads the team in playoff wins and losses with a record of 27–24), Charlie Manuel, and Eric Wedge.[114] The current manager is Terry Francona.

Detroit Tigers

Ausmus with the Detroit Tigers in 2015.

The Detroit Tigers were founded as members of the Western League in 1894, employing Bob Glenalvin as their manager.[120] George Stallings was the team's manager from 1898 to 1901,[121] and was the team's field boss when the Western League declared itself a major league and became the American League,[122] thus becoming the franchise's first Major League Baseball manager. Sparky Anderson's 1,331 wins and 1,248 losses lead all Tigers managers.[123] He is one of seven Hall of Famers to manage the club; the others include Hughie Jennings, Ty Cobb, Mickey Cochrane, Bucky Harris, Ed Barrow, and Joe Gordon.[124] Among managers who have led the team for one or more full seasons, Cochrane is the franchise leader in winning percentage (.582),[125] and is one of four skippers to lead the team to a World Series championship. The others are Anderson, Steve O'Neill, and Mayo Smith, who each won one championship with the franchise.[120][124] The Tigers' most recent manager was Jim Leyland who retired at the end of the 2013 American League Championship Series (loss to Boston). The current manager (as of 2014 season) is Brad Ausmus.[124]

Kansas City Royals

Yost with the Kansas City Royals.

The Kansas City Royals were added to the American League in a 1969 expansion after the city's first Major League Baseball franchise departed for Oakland, California.[126] Joe Gordon, one of two Hall of Famers to manage the Royals, was selected as the team's first manager, leading the team for one season.[127] Bob Lemon, who took over during the 1970 season, is the second member of the Hall of Fame to lead the team, and managed until the end of 1972.[128] Whitey Herzog is the franchise leader in regular-season wins (410) and winning percentage[d] (.574), and Tony Muser is the loss leader (431).[128] Dick Howser is the leader in postseason wins and losses (8–12).[128] Trey Hillman led the Royals for parts of three seasons after a five-year managerial career in Japan,[129] but was fired May 13, 2010, and replaced by current manager Ned Yost.[130]

Minnesota Twins

Molitor at the White House.

The Minnesota franchise began its life as the Washington Senators in Washington, D. C., where they played from their inception in 1901 to 1960.[131] In the early 20th century, the Senators were managed consecutively by three future members of the Baseball Hall of Fame, bookended by Bucky Harris, who managed the team from 1924 to 1928 and again from 1935 to 1942. Walter Johnson, who was inducted into the Hall of Fame as a player,[67] managed the team for four seasons from 1929 to 1932,[132] and he was followed by Joe Cronin, also inducted as a player,[67] who led for the next two seasons (1933–1934).[132] Clark Griffith is the only other Hall of Famer to manage the Senators/Twins franchise.[132] In 1960, the American League awarded an expansion franchise to Minneapolis, Minnesota; however, owner Calvin Griffith moved his team to Minnesota,[133][134] and Washington was awarded the expansion team instead. Thus, the Minnesota Twins began play in Minnesota the following year, during the tenure of manager Cookie Lavagetto.[135] Harris and Tom Kelly are the two managers to win a World Series championship with the franchise, one in the Senators era (Harris) and two during the team's tenure in Minnesota (Kelly).[136] Kelly is also the franchise leader in wins and losses, the only manager to exceed 1,000 in each category (1,140–1,244 in 16 seasons).[132] Ron Gardenhire was fired of managerial duties in October 2014, as he was replaced by Paul Molitor.[132]

Western Division

Houston Astros

Hinch at spring training in 2015.

The city of Houston, Texas was awarded an expansion franchise in the National League in 1962 after the dissolution of the Continental League.[137] The team, which began play as the Colt .45s, changed its name to the Houston Astros in 1965.[138] The team's first manager was Harry Craft, while the first manager under the Astros moniker was Grady Hatton. Bill Virdon is the all-time leader for the most regular-season games managed (1,066) and wins (544), while Phil Garner has won the most playoff games (7).[139] Larry Dierker, the only manager whose number is retired by the franchise,[140] is the winning percentage leader (.556).[a] Brad Mills replaced Cecil Cooper—who was fired with 13 games remaining in the 2009 season—and Dave Clark, Cooper's interim replacement.[139] On August 18, 2012, Mills was fired, and Tony DeFrancesco was named the interim manager.[141] On September 27, 2012, Bo Porter became the 17th manager in Astros history.[142] Porter was fired in September 2014, and replaced with interim manager Tom Lawless. AJ Hinch was hired as permanent manager in October 2014.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

Scioscia with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

Playing under various names such as the Los Angeles Angels, California Angels, and Anaheim Angels, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim have been members of the American League since 1961.[143] The team's first manager, Bill Rigney, led the squad for parts of eight seasons until his release in mid-1969.[144] The current manager is Mike Scioscia, who holds most of the Angels' franchise records for manager.[144] He is the only Angels skipper to be named Manager of the Year, a distinction he has earned twice (2002, 2009).[12] His regular-season wins (1066) and losses (878), postseason wins (21) and losses (24), and winning percentage (.548)[e] are the highest of any manager in team history.[144] Dick Williams is the only Angels manager who has been inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Five managers have served multiple terms with the team: Gene Mauch, John McNamara, Buck Rodgers, Marcel Lachemann, and Joe Maddon.[144]

Oakland Athletics

Melvin with the Oakland Athletics.

While the Oakland Athletics have played under the same name since their establishment in 1901, the team has played in three different locations under that moniker. The franchise was initially based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was managed by Connie Mack, a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and often called one of the best managers in the history of the game.[145][146] Mack led the team from 1901 to 1950; his 50 seasons managed are a Major League Baseball record which has been called "unbreakable".[147] He managed 7,466 games, accruing a record of 3,582 wins and 3,814 losses; all three totals are also Major League Baseball records.[5] Over the course of his career, Mack led the Athletics to nine American League pennants and five World Series championships.[148] His 24 wins and 19 losses in the postseason are both franchise records.[149] Three Athletics managers were inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame in recognition of their services to the team while it played in Pennsylvania: Mack, Jimmy Dykes, and Eddie Joost.[150] The team moved to Kansas City, Missouri in 1955, at the beginning of Lou Boudreau's tenure as manager, and then moved on to Oakland, California in 1968.[151] Boudreau is also a member of the Hall of Fame, in addition to Mack; other inductees to manage the Athletics include Joe Gordon and Luke Appling, both inducted as players,[67] and Dick Williams, whose .603 winning percentage leads all Athletics skippers.[149] The Athletics are currently managed by Bob Melvin, who replaced Bob Geren early in the 2011 season.[149]

Seattle Mariners

The Seattle Mariners franchise was established in 1977, the successor to the earlier Pilots team that moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[152] In their inaugural season, the Mariners hired Darrell Johnson as their first manager; he led the team for parts of four seasons, through the middle of 1980.[153] After that point, no Mariners skipper started his new tenure at the beginning of the season until Jim Snyder in 1989.[154] Statistically, Lou Piniella is the most successful manager in Mariners history; he is the franchise leader in games managed (1,551), regular-season wins and losses (840–711), and winning percentage (.542).[153] He is also the only Mariners skipper to appear in the postseason, accruing a 15–19 record in 34 playoff games,[154] and is the only person to win the Manager of the Year Award with the club, capturing the award in 1995 and 2001.[12] Don Wakamatsu, the first Asian-American manager in Major League Baseball history, was the team's skipper from 2009 until he was fired on August 9, 2010.[155] Eric Wedge, who resigned with three games left in the 2013 season (he stayed with team until last game) citing his and the organizations vision for the future had changed.[156] Lloyd McClendon became the Mariners manager in late 2013, managing the Mariners to a winning record in 2014. McClendon was fired October 9, 2015. Scott Servais was hired as a manager in October 23, 2015.

Texas Rangers

Banister with the Rangers.

When the Minnesota Twins moved to Minneapolis for the 1961 season, a new Washington Senators team was established in the United States capital as an expansion franchise,[157] with Mickey Vernon as manager.[158] The new Senators played in Washington, D. C. for 11 seasons, finishing with a winning percentage over .500 only once—under Ted Williams in 1969.[159] After the 1971 season, the team moved to Arlington, Texas and became the Texas Rangers, named after the Texas Ranger Division of the state's law enforcement agency.[157][160] Bobby Valentine, who led the team for parts of eight seasons (1985–1992), is the franchise leader in managerial wins and losses in the regular season (581–605). Johnny Oates was the first Rangers manager to lead the team to the postseason; his playoff record is 1–9.[159] Oates and Buck Showalter have won the Manager of the Year Award with the team.[12] Among managers who have led the Rangers for a full season or more, Billy Hunter amassed the highest winning percentage (.575).[159] Ron Washington led the Rangers since 2007, but resigned in September 2014 to focus on his family.[161] Tim Bogar took over as interim manager for the Rangers. In early October 2014 the Rangers named Jeff Banister their manager.

Current American League managers

Team Division Manager Date of hire Previous
Baltimore Orioles East Showalter, BuckBuck Showalter July 29, 2010 Samuel, JuanJuan Samuel[g]
Boston Red Sox East Farrell, JohnJohn Farrell October 21, 2012 Valentine, BobbyBobby Valentine
Chicago White Sox Central Renteria, RickRick Renteria October 3, 2016 Ventura, RobinRobin Ventura
Cleveland Indians Central Francona, TerryTerry Francona October 6, 2012 Alomar, Jr., SandySandy Alomar, Jr.[i]
Detroit Tigers Central , Brad AusmusBrad Ausmus November 3, 2013 Leyland, JimJim Leyland
Houston Astros West Hinch, A. J.A. J. Hinch September 29, 2014 Lawless, TomTom Lawless[j]
Kansas City Royals Central Yost, NedNed Yost May 13, 2010 Hillman, TreyTrey Hillman
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim West Scioscia, MikeMike Scioscia November 18, 1999 Maddon, JoeJoe Maddon[k]
Minnesota Twins Central Molitor, PaulPaul Molitor November 3, 2014 Gardenhire, RonRon Gardenhire
New York Yankees East Girardi, JoeJoe Girardi October 30, 2007 Torre, JoeJoe Torre
Oakland Athletics West Melvin, BobBob Melvin June 9, 2011 Geren, BobBob Geren
Seattle Mariners West Scott Servais October 23, 2015 McClendon, LloydLloyd McClendon
Tampa Bay Rays East Cash, KevinKevin Cash December 5, 2014 Maddon, JoeJoe Maddon
Texas Rangers West Banister, JeffJeff Banister October 17, 2014 Bogar, TimTim Bogar[l]
Toronto Blue Jays East Gibbons, JohnJohn Gibbons November 20, 2012 Farrell, JohnJohn Farrell

Notes

See also

References

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  44. ↑ "Walk of Fame". Brewers.MLB.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
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  46. 1 2 "Pittsburgh Pirates Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
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  56. ↑ Associated Press (October 3, 2016). "Diamondbacks fire GM Dave Stewart, manager Chip Hale". Retrieved October 18, 2016.
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  58. 1 2 "Colorado Rockies Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
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  61. ↑ "Los Angeles Dodgers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
  62. 1 2 "Los Angeles Dodgers Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  63. ↑ November 23, 2015
  64. 1 2 "Walter Alston Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  65. 1 2 "Tommy Lasorda Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
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  67. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  68. ↑ Goodman, Michael E. (2002). The History of the San Diego Padres. The Creative Company. p. 1966. ISBN 1-58341-222-0.
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  70. ↑ Calcaterra, Craig (June 15, 2015). "Bud Black fired by the Padres". HardballTalk. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  71. ↑ San Diego Padres hire Arizona Diamondbacks coach Andy Green as manager
  72. ↑ Padres hire Andy Green to be manager | MLB.com
  73. ↑ "San Francisco Giants Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
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  76. ↑ "Jim Mutrie Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  77. ↑ Potter, Joan (2009). African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America. Dafina Books. p. 372. ISBN 0-7582-4166-6.
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  82. ↑ "Joe Altobelli Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  83. ↑ "Lum Harris Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  84. ↑ "Orioles fire manager Dave Trembley". Jeff Zrebiec. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
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  88. 1 2 "Terry Francona Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
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  92. ↑ "New York Yankees Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  93. 1 2 3 "New York Yankees Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  94. 1 2 "Joe McCarthy Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
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  96. ↑ "Joe Torre Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  97. ↑ "Billy Martin Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  98. ↑ Eitzen, D. Stanley (1999). Fair and foul: beyond the myths and paradoxes of sport. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 146. ISBN 0-8476-9171-3.
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  100. 1 2 3 "Tampa Bay Rays Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  101. ↑ "Joe Maddon Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  102. ↑ "Team-by-Team Information". Major League Baseball. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  103. 1 2 "Toronto Blue Jays Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  104. ↑ "Cito Gaston Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  105. ↑ "States with the Most World Series Titles". Baseball Digest. Lakeside Publishing Company. 59 (10): 78. October 2000. ISSN 0005-609X.
  106. 1 2 3 "Chicago White Sox Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  107. ↑ "Jimmie Dykes Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  108. ↑ "Fielder Jones Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
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  111. ↑ "Clark Griffith Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  112. ↑ Singer, Tom (2011-10-06). "White Sox tab Robin Ventura as new skipper". MLB.com. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
  113. ↑ Lancaster, Marc (October 3, 2016). "Rick Renteria gets another shot as manager with White Sox". Sporting News. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  114. 1 2 3 "Cleveland Indians Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  115. ↑ Anderson, David W.; Olbermann, Keith (2003). More Than Merkle: A History of the Best and Most Exciting Baseball Season in Human History. University of Nebraska Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-8032-5946-8.
  116. ↑ "Nap Lajoie Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  117. 1 2 "Lou Boudreau Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  118. ↑ "Tris Speaker Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  119. ↑ Lengel, David (August 17, 2007). "Snake-bitten Indians struggling to end drought". The Guardian. London. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  120. 1 2 "Detroit Tigers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  121. ↑ "George Stallings Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  122. ↑ Madden, W. C.; Stewart, Patrick J. (2002). The Western League: a baseball history, 1885 through 1999. McFarland. p. 1. ISBN 0-7864-1003-5.
  123. ↑ "Sparky Anderson Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  124. 1 2 3 "Detroit Tigers Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  125. ↑ "Mickey Cochrane Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  126. ↑ Stewart, Wayne (2002). The History of the Kansas City Royals. The Creative Company. p. 5. ISBN 1-58341-211-5.
  127. ↑ "Kansas City Royals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  128. 1 2 3 "Kansas City Royals Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  129. ↑ "Trey Hillman Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  130. ↑ "Royals dismiss Hillman, name Yost manager for remainder of season". Sports Illustrated. CNN/SI. Associated Press. May 13, 2010. Archived from the original on May 16, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  131. ↑ "Twins playoff history". USA Today. October 8, 2006. Retrieved August 19, 2008. Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  132. 1 2 3 4 5 "Minnesota Twins Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  133. ↑ "Twins Timeline (1960–1969)". Minnesota Twins. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  134. ↑ "Griffith dies after developing kidney infection". ESPN. Associated Press. October 20, 1999. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
  135. ↑ "1961 Minnesota Twins Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  136. ↑ "Minnesota Twins Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  137. ↑ Bell, Christopher (2002). Scapegoats: baseballers whose careers are marked by one fateful play. McFarland. p. 131. ISBN 0-7864-1381-6.
  138. ↑ "Houston Astros Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  139. 1 2 "Houston Astros Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  140. ↑ "Astros Retired numbers". Astros.MLB.com. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  141. ↑ "Tony DeFrancesco in for Brad Mills". Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  142. ↑ "Manager and Coaches". Houston Astros. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  143. ↑ "Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  144. 1 2 3 4 "Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  145. ↑ Gillette, Gary; Gammons, Peter (2007). The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Palmer, Pete. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 1667. ISBN 1-4027-4771-3.
  146. ↑ Considine, Bob (August 9, 1948). "Mr. Mack". Life Magazine. Time Inc. 25 (6): 95. ISSN 0024-3019.
  147. ↑ Ingraham, Joe (August 20, 2009). "Mack and Young are old marks for all time". The News-Herald. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
  148. ↑ "Connie Mack Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  149. 1 2 3 "Oakland Athletics Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  150. ↑ "Philadelphia Wall of Fame". Philadelphia Athletics Historical Society. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  151. ↑ "Oakland Athletics Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  152. ↑ Goodman, Michael E. (2002). The History of the Seattle Mariners. The Creative Company. p. 6. ISBN 1-58341-224-7.
  153. 1 2 "Seattle Mariners Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  154. 1 2 "Seattle Mariners Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  155. ↑ "Mariners' Wakamatsu is first Asian-American manager in majors". ESPN. Associated Press. November 20, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  156. ↑ Stone, Larry (2010-10-18). "It's official: Eric Wedge is Mariners' manager". The Seattle Times.
  157. 1 2 Frisch, Aaron (2002). The History of the Texas Rangers. The Creative Company. p. 6. ISBN 1-58341-226-3.
  158. ↑ "Mickey Vernon Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  159. 1 2 3 "Texas Rangers Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  160. ↑ "Texas Rangers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  161. ↑ "Rangers hire ex-A's assistant Washington as manager". ESPN. Associated Press. November 8, 2006. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
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