List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
Chestnut angle (Odontoptilum angulatum), a pyrgine skipper found in India.
This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Pyrginae of the family Hesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as "angles", "elfs" or "grizzled skippers".
This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.
A total of 69 species belonging to 21 genera are found in India.
Checklist
Capila - dawnflies
Evans (1932) had listed the various species of Capila under a number of different genera:
- Orthopaetus group (dawnflies)
- Lidderdale's dawnfly, Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)[1][2][3]
- Fulvous dawnfly, Capila phanaeus (Hewitson, 1867)[1][2][4]
- Capila group (striped dawnflies)
- Pale striped dawnfly, Capila zennara (Moore, 1865)[1][2][5]
- Striped dawnfly, Capila jayadeva (Moore, 1865)[1][2][6]
- Crossiura group (fringed dawnfly)
- Fringed dawnfly, Capila pennicillatum (de Nicéville, 1893)[1][2][7]
- Calliana group (white dawnfly)
- White dawnfly, Capila pieridoides (Moore, 1878)[1][2] (Calliana pieridoides as per LepIndex[8])
Caprona - angles
Golden angle, wet-season form
- Golden angle, Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868)[9][10][11][12]
- Spotted angle, Caprona agama (Moore, 1857)[9][10]
Carcharodus - mallow skipper
- Mallow skipper, Carcharodus alceae (Esper, 1780)
- Carcharodus dravira (Moore, [1875])
Celaenorrhinus - spotted flats
- Malabar spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore, 1865)[13]
- White-banded flat, Celaenorrhinus asmara (Butler, [1879])[13]
- Large streaked flat, Celaenorrhinus aspersa Leech, 1891[13]
- Dark yellow-banded flat, Celaenorrhinus aurivittata (Moore, [1879])[13]
- Himalayan yellow flat, Celaenorrhinus dhanada (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Velvet flat, Celaenorrhinus ficulnea (Hewitson, 1868)[13]
- Common spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar, 1848)[13]
- Pied flat, Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949[14]
- Small banded flat, Celaenorrhinus nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885)[13]
- Large spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus patula de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Mussoorie pied flat, Celaenorrhinus pero Leech, 1894[13]
- Multispotted flat, Celaenorrhinus pulomaya (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Common spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus putra (Moore, 1865)
- Double spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Celaenorrhinus ratna Frühstorfer, 1909[13]
- Tamil spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus ruficornis (Mabille, 1878)[13]
- Black flat, Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus (Felder, 1868)[13]
- de Nicéville's spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus sumitra (Moore, 1865)
- Scarce banded flat, Celaenorrhinus badia (Hewitson, 1877)[13]
- Bhutan flat, Celaenorrhinus flavocincta (de Nicéville, 1887)[15]
- Himalayan spotted flat, Celaenorrhinus munda (Moore, 1884)[13]
Chamunda - olive flat
- Olive flat, Chamunda chamunda (Moore, 1865)[16]
Coladenia - pied flats
Tricolur flat
- Brown pied flat, Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, 1883)[17]
- Tricolour pied flat, Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1865)[17]
- Elwes' pied flat, Coladenia agnioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897[17]
Ctenoptilum - tawny angle
Darpa - hairy angle
- Hairy angle, Darpa hanria (Moore, 1865)[19]
- Darpa striata (Druce, 1873)
- Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)[19]
Gerosis - yellow-breast flats
- Common yellow-breast flat, Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])[20]
- Dusky yellow-breast flat, Gerosis phisara (Moore, 1884)[20]
- Chinese yellow-breast flat, Gerosis sinica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)[20]
Gomalia - marbled skipper
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Marbled skipper
- African mallow/marbled skipper, Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)[21]
Lobocla - marbled flat
- Marbled flat, Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)[22]
Mooreana - yellow flat
- Yellow flat, Mooreana trichoneura (M. t. pralaya, (Moore, 1865))[23]
Odina - zigzag flat
Odontoptilum - chestnut angle
- Chestnut/banded angle, Odontoptilum angulatum (Felder, 1862)[25]
Pseudocoladenia
Fulvous pied flat
- Fulvous pied flat, Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)[26] previously Coladenia dan
- Pseudocoladenia festa (Evans, 1949)[26]
- Pseudocoladenia fatua (Evans, 1949)[26]
Pyrgus - grizzled skippers
- Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)[27]
- Pyrgus cashmirensis Moore, 1874[27]
Sarangesa - small flats
Common small flat
- Common small flat, Sarangesa dasahara (Moore, 1865)[28]
- Spotted small flat, Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882)[28]
- Tiny flat, Sarangesa sati de Nicéville, 1891[28]
Satarupa - white flats
- Large white flat, Satarupa gopala (Moore, 1865)[29]
- Satarupa splendens Tytler, 1914[29]
Seseria - white flats
- Himalayan white flat, Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1863[30]
- Sikkim white flat, Seseria sambara (Moore, 1865)[30]
Spialia - grizzled skippers
- Indian grizzled skipper or Indian skipper, Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
- Desert grizzled skipper, Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)[31]
- Zebra grizzled skipper, Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)[31]
Tagiades - snow flats
Suffused snow flat
- Flat, Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914[32] (T. c. cynthia Evans, 1934)
- Ceylon snow flat, Tagiades distans Moore[32]
- Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat, Tagiades gana (Moore, 1865)[32][33]
- Common snow flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[32]
- Water snow flat, Tagiades litigiosa (Möschler, 1878)[32]
- Spotted snow flat, Tagiades menaka (Moore, 1865)[32]
- Tagiades parra Frühstorfer, 1910[32]
- Tagiades toba de Nicéville, 1896[32]
Tapena - black angle
Black angle, dry-season form
Black angle, wet-season form
- Black angle, Tapena thwaitesi Moore, 1881[34][35][36]
See also
Cited references
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Capila genus.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 4 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Capila in [The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/]
- ↑ Card for Capila lidderdali in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila phanaeus in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila zennara in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila jayadeva in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila pennicillatum in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Calliana pieridoides in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Caprona genus.
- 1 2 TOL web page on genus Caprona
- ↑ Card for Caprona ransonnetti in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Caprona agama in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Celaenorrhinus genus.
- ↑ Card for morena in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.
- ↑ Card for flavocincta in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Chamunda genus.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Coladenia genus.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Ctenoptilum genus.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Darpa genus.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Gerosis genus.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Gomalia genus.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Lobocla genus.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Mooreana genus.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Odina genus.
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Odontoptilum genus.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera on Pseudocoladenia genus.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera - page on genus Pyrgus .
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Sarangesa genus.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Satarupa genus.
- 1 2 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Seseria genus.
- 1 2 3 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Spialia genus.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on Tagiades genus.
- ↑ Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions Tagiades parra gala Evans, 1949
- ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus Tapena.
- ↑ Card for Tapena thwaitesi in LepIndex. Accessed 12 October 2007.
- ↑ TOL web page on genus Tapena thwaitesi
References
- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
Online
- Beccaloni, George; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris. "The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)". Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
- "Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera".
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