List of countries by spoken languages
This list shows countries/disputed countries organised by the languages which are spoken there.
Indo-European languages
Albanian
Region | Country/disputed territory | Status | Speakers |
---|---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | official | 1,200,000 (Gheg)[1] |
![]() | official | ||
![]() | significant minority, 30% and official in the Western regions | 508,000 (Gheg)[1] | |
![]() | significant minority, also as Arbëreshë some education | 100,000 (Salminen 2007)[2] | |
![]() | minority | ||
![]() | significant minority, also as Arvanitika | 50,000 (2007). Ethnic population: 150,000 | |
![]() | minority | ||
![]() | significant minority | ||
Total | 3,812,880[3] |
Armenian
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Asia | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority |
Baltic
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Baltic | ![]() | unofficial, spoken in Canada |
Latgalian | ![]() | unofficial, spoken in Latgale |
![]() | significant minority in Siberia | |
Latvian | ![]() | official |
Lithuanian | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority, majority in the city of Puńsk |
Celtic

Map of the Celtic nations
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Breton | ![]() | minority language in ![]() |
Cornish | ![]() | minority language in ![]() |
Irish | ![]() | minority, co-official with English |
![]() | minority and official in ![]() | |
![]() | minority | |
Manx | ![]() | minority |
Scottish Gaelic | ![]() | minority in ![]() |
![]() | significant minority in ![]() | |
![]() | minority | |
Welsh | ![]() | significant minority in ![]() |
![]() | spoken by approximately 20% of the population in ![]() | |
![]() | minority |
Germanic
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Afrikaans | ![]() | co-official with 10 other languages |
![]() | unofficial | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Alsatian | ![]() | regional language in ![]() |
Danish | ![]() | official |
![]() | in ![]() | |
![]() | co-official alongside Faroese | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Faroese | ![]() | co-official with Danish |
![]() | unofficial | |
Frisian | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority language in ![]() | |
Icelandic | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
Low German (Low Saxon) |
![]() | Niederdeutsch or more usual Plattdeutsch, recognized as regional language |
![]() | Nederduits, recognized as regional language | |
Luxembourgish | ![]() | co-official with French and German |
![]() | minority language in the Belgian Province of Luxembourg | |
![]() | minority language in the German Regierungsbezirk Trier ("moselfränkisch") | |
Norwegian | ![]() | official, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen |
Scots | ![]() | minority in Scotland |
![]() | minority in Ireland | |
Swedish | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with Finnish. | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority |
Dutch
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with French and German | |
![]() | in French Flanders | |
![]() | in Low Rhine Country | |
Africa | ![]() | spoken as minority, often used together with daughter language Afrikaans |
![]() | spoken as minority, often used together with daughter language Afrikaans | |
Asia | ![]() | regional language in minority (historic language) |
Oceania | ![]() | Minority |
North America | ![]() | co-official with Papiamento |
![]() | co-official with English and Papiamento | |
![]() | co-official with English | |
![]() | spoken in minority primarily in Michigan and Indiana | |
![]() | Minority | |
South America | ![]() | official |
![]() | unofficial, spoken in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
English
See also: List of countries where English is an official language and List of countries by English-speaking population
![]() Map of the English-speaking world. |
![]() Map of the German-speaking world |
German
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | official |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with French and Italian | |
![]() | co-official with French and Flemish | |
![]() | co-official with Hungarian in the city of Sopron | |
![]() | co-official with Italian in South Tyrol | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with French and Luxembourgish | |
![]() | co-official as auxiliary language in the Opole Voivodeship | |
![]() | official with other languages, language of the Swiss Guard | |
![]() | minority in Alsace and Lorraine | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Africa | ![]() | co-official as auxiliary language |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
North America | ![]() | minority[6] |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Greek
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Greek | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with Turkish | |
![]() | significant minority, widely spoken and co-official with Albanian in Himara, Dropull, Finiq and Derviçan regions | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Iranian
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Balochi | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority in Balochistan | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | Majority in Balochistan | |
![]() | minority | |
Persian | ![]() | co-official as Dari, with Pashto |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official, as Tajik | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Tajik | ![]() | significant minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Kurdish | ![]() | recognized minority |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
Mazandarani | ![]() | unofficial, in Māzandarān Province |
Pashto | ![]() | co-official with Dari |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA | |
![]() | minority |
Indo-Aryan
Bengali
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Asia | ![]() | official |
![]() | official, along with 21 others; primarily spoken in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, with significant minority in Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | Official Language is Dhivehi, (which is the language used by Only Maldivians) | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority. Mostly used in Karachi, where it holds the status as that of a recognized secondary language[7][8][9][10] | |
Africa | ![]() | honorary official language, along with English |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
North America | ![]() | significant minority |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() Map of the Bengali-speaking world |
Domari
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe/Asia | ![]() | minority |
Romani
Main article: Romani people by country
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority, officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognized minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official in Šuto Orizari Municipality | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official in 79 rural communes | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | officially recognised minority language | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority |
Hindi
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Asia | ![]() | official, along with 21 others; official in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. |
![]() | significant minority, 8 million speakers | |
![]() | minority, 232,760 speakers | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, 5,000 speakers | |
Oceania | ![]() | Fiji Hindi is an official language |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, 20,000 speakers | |
Africa | ![]() | significant minority, 890,292 speakers |
![]() | significant minority, 685,170 speakers | |
![]() | minority, 147,000 speakers | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority, 30,000 speakers | |
North America | ![]() | minority, 100,000 speakers |
![]() | minority |
Gujarati
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Asia | ![]() | official in Gujarat, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli |
![]() | significant minority | |
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | significant minority |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
Other Indo-Aryan
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Angika | ![]() | majority in Anga, significant minority in the rest of the country |
![]() | minority language, in Terai region | |
Assamese | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official language along with 21 others | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Awadhi[11] | ![]() | minority |
![]() | majority in Uttar Pradesh, minority in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi | |
Bhili | ![]() | minority |
Bhojpuri | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Bishnupriya Manipuri | ![]() | minority, mostly in Manipur, Assam and Tripura |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Chakma | ![]() | minority, mostly in Chittagong Division |
![]() | minority, mostly in Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh | |
Chhattisgarhi | ![]() | majority in Chhattisgarh, minority in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Bihar |
Chittagonian | ![]() | significant minority, major language of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh |
![]() | minority, mostly in Arakan and Yangon | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, mostly in Karachi | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Dhivehi | ![]() | in Lakshadweep |
![]() | official | |
Dogri | ![]() | in Punjab, and Azad Kashmir |
![]() | in Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh | |
Hajong | ![]() | minority, mostly in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal |
![]() | minority | |
Halbi | ![]() | in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh |
Kalash | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Kashmiri | ![]() | official, spoken in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh |
![]() | spoken in Azad Kashmir | |
![]() | minority, mostly by immigrants from Azad Kashmir | |
Khandeshi | ![]() | minority, spoken in Maharashtra, Gujarat |
Khowar | ![]() | majority in Chitral, minority in Gilgit |
Kannada | ![]() | official in Karnataka state |
![]() | minority | |
Kumaoni | ![]() | majority in Uttarakhand, minority in Assam |
Lomavren | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Magadhi | ![]() | official in Bihar |
Maithili | ![]() | official in Bihar |
![]() | significant minority in Terai | |
Mal Paharia | ![]() | minority, mostly in Jharkhand and West Bengal |
![]() | minority | |
Marathi | ![]() | official along with 21 others, widely spoken in Maharashtra & Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Sindh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Telangana, Daman and Diu. |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
![]() | Significant minority | |
Marwari | ![]() | primarily in Rajasthan and Gujarat and its too spoken in west Bengal, Bihar,jharkhand, eastern u.p, assam, and northeastern states |
Nepali | ![]() | unofficial |
![]() | unofficial | |
![]() | official in Sikkim, regional language in West Bengal | |
![]() | unofficial | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | unofficial | |
Oriya | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official in Orissa | |
Punjabi | ![]() | official with others |
![]() | majority in Punjab | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Rajasthani | ![]() | official along with others |
![]() | minority | |
Rajbanshi | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Rohingya | ![]() | minority, mostly in Arakan, Burma |
![]() | minority, mostly in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh | |
![]() | minority, mostly in Karachi | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Sindhi | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official with others | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | majority in Sindh | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Sinhalese | ![]() | official; known natively as Sinhala is the native language of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka and also spoken as a second language by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. |
Sylheti | ![]() | major language of Sylhet Division of Bangladesh |
![]() | significant minority in the state of Assam, especially in Barak Valley | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Tanchangya | ![]() | minority; mainly in Chittagong Division, related to Chakma, Chittagonian, Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit Rohingya and Bengali language |
![]() | minority; mainly in Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram | |
![]() | minority; mainly in Rakhine State, and few of them in Chin State and Yangon Division of Burma | |
Urdu | ![]() | minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | co-official as Hindustani with English and Fijian | |
![]() | co-official with 21 others | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with English | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Italic & Romance
French
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | spoken, not official |
![]() | co-official with Dutch and, German | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official in the ![]() | |
![]() | co-official with Luxembourgish | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with German, Italian, and Romansh | |
Africa | ![]() | unofficial, but widely used |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Kirundi | |
![]() | co-official with English | |
![]() | co-official with Sango | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic and Comorian | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic | |
![]() | co-official with Spanish and Portuguese | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Malagasy | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | de facto | |
![]() | de facto | |
![]() | de facto | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with English and Kinyarwanda | |
![]() | official; Wolof most widely spoken | |
![]() | co-official with English and Seychellois Creole | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | unofficial, but widely used | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | administrative language | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic | |
![]() | in Puducherry, co-official with Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam | |
North America | ![]() | co-official with English; majority in ![]() |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Haitian Creole | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority language, especially in Louisiana, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire[6] | |
Oceania | ![]() | official |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with English and Bislama | |
![]() | official | |
South America | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority, significantly in RJ/ES and other coastal states; see French, Belgian and Swiss Brazilians |
Map of the French-speaking world |
![]() Map of the Italian-speaking world |
Italian
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | unofficial, but widely spoken; some 70% of the population |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official status in Istria | |
![]() | minority language in ![]() | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | unofficial, but widely spoken; some 66% of the population | |
![]() | unofficial, but widely spoken | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official in Koper, Izola and Piran | |
![]() | co-official with French, German, and Romansh | |
![]() | official | |
Africa | ![]() | widely spoken |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Americas | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
Portuguese
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | official |
![]() | significant minority in Olivenza | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
Africa | ![]() | official |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Spanish and French | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | co-official with Tetum |
![]() | significant minority; see Brazilians in Japan | |
![]() | co-official with Cantonese | |
![]() | minority in Malacca ; see Kristang language | |
![]() | minority in Goa State | |
North America | ![]() | significant minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
South America | ![]() | official, see Brazilian Portuguese |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority; see Portuñol | |
![]() | significant minority |
![]() Map of the Lusophone world |
![]() Map of the Hispanophone world |
Spanish
The following is a list of the 22 countries where Spanish is an official language:
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Europe | ![]() | official |
![]() | majority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | not official – majority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Africa | ![]() | co-official with French and Portuguese |
![]() | not official – minority | |
![]() | co-official with Arabic | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | former official language, spoken by a minority; see Spanish language in the Philippines | |
North America | ![]() | plurality, but unofficial |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | de facto, official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | Co-official language in New Mexico and Puerto Rico. Spoken by a majority in PR and a significant minority in NM. Minority elsewhere[6] | |
South America | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with Quechua and Aymara | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Guaraní | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official |
Other Italic Lang.
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Catalan | ![]() | official |
![]() | in Northern Catalonia | |
![]() | a significant minority in Alghero | |
![]() | co-official with Spanish in ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
Corsican | ![]() | regional language in ![]() |
![]() | minority in ![]() | |
Galician | ![]() | co-official with Spanish |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
![]() | minority, from immigration | |
Jèrriais | ![]() | unofficial |
![]() | unofficial | |
Latin | ![]() | official, but not spoken |
Mirandese | ![]() | co-official with Portuguese in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso |
Occitan | ![]() | minority |
![]() | recognised minority language | |
![]() | co-official with Catalan and Spanish in ![]() | |
Romanian | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages | |
Romansh | ![]() | co-official with French, Italian, and German |
Slavic
![]() Map of the Russian-speaking world |
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Belarusian | ![]() | co-official with Russian |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Bosnian | ![]() | co-official with Croatian and Serbian |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, official in Sandžak | |
![]() | significant minority, official in Sandžak | |
![]() | significant minority | |
Bulgarian | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Croatian | ![]() | co-official with German and Hungarian in Burgenland |
![]() | co-official with Bosnian and Serbian | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official in Molise | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official in the municipalities of Carașova and Lupac[12] | |
![]() | co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages | |
Czech | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Kashubian | ![]() | official in Pomerania |
Macedonian | ![]() | minority, official in Pustec Municipality |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, official in two municipalities | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Polish | ![]() | significant minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority; see Polish Brazilian | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | not official – minority[6] | |
Russian | ||
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | co-official with Belarusian | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | co-official with Kazakh | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with Kyrgyz | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with Ukrainian and Romanian in ![]() | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority, regional in some regions | |
![]() | significant minority | |
Rusyn | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official in Zakarpattia | |
![]() | co-official in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with Serbian Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Croatian. | |
Serbian | ![]() | official with Croatian and Bosnian |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | co-official with Albanian | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official in Caraşova | |
![]() | official | |
Slovak | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official | |
Slovene | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official in Friuli-Venezia Giulia with Friulian, Italian and German | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority in Ohio[13] | |
Sorbian, Lower | ![]() | regional language in Brandenburg |
Sorbian, Upper | ![]() | regional language in Brandenburg and Saxony |
Ukrainian | ![]() | minority |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | co-official with Romanian and Russian | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Mongolic languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Mongolian | ![]() | official |
![]() | regional, co-official with Chinese in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | |
Kalmyk Oirat | ![]() | official in ![]() |
Daur | ![]() | minority, spoken by Daur people in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia |
Turkic languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Azerbaijani | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official in Iranian Azerbaijan | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | co-official in Dagestan | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Uyghur | ![]() | regional, co-official with Chinese in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region |
![]() | minority | |
Uzbek | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
Kazakh | ![]() | minority |
![]() | regional, co-official with Chinese in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Kyrgyz | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Turkish | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with Greek | |
![]() | recognized regional lang. | |
![]() | recognized regional lang. | |
![]() | recognized regional lang. | |
![]() | recognized regional lang. | |
![]() | recognized minority lang. | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
Turkmen | ![]() | official |
![]() | majority in northern Iraq | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | spoken in Stavropol Krai | |
![]() | minority | |
Gagauz | ![]() | official language of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, Moldova |
![]() | recognized minority language | |
![]() | recognized minority language | |
Tatar | ![]() | official language of the Republic of Tatarstan |
![]() | spoken in Russia and in former Soviet Union | |
![]() | minority | |
Crimean Tatar | ![]() ![]() | spoken and protected but not officially recognized language of Ukraine |
![]() | minority language in Dobroudja | |
![]() | minority |
Afro-Asiatic languages

Distribution of Arabic as sole official language (green) and one of several official languages (blue)
Arabic
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Islam | Liturgical language of Islam | |
Africa | ![]() | co-official with Berber |
![]() | co-official with French | |
![]() | co-official with French | |
![]() | co-official with French | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Tigrinya | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Berber | |
![]() | co-official with Somali | |
![]() | co-official with English | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official with Spanish | |
Asia | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official with Kurdish | |
![]() | co-official with Hebrew | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | regional/religious | |
![]() | optional language along with Spanish | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
North America | ![]() | significant minority[6] |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority, immigrants from Lebanon |
![]() | minority, see Arab Brazilian |
Other Semitic Lang.
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Amharic | ![]() | official |
Hebrew | Judaism | Liturgical language of Judaism |
![]() | official | |
Maltese | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Tigrinya | ![]() | de facto |
Dravidian languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Badaga | ![]() | minority |
Brahui | ![]() | minority, spoken in Balochistan |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Chenchu | ![]() | minority |
Duruwa | ![]() | minority |
Gondi | ![]() | minority |
Kannada | ![]() |
official in Karnataka, minority in Andhra Pradesh, Goa, |
![]() |
minority | |
![]() |
minority | |
![]() |
minority | |
![]() |
minority | |
![]() |
minority | |
Kolami | ![]() | minority |
Koraga | ![]() | minority |
Kota | ![]() | minority, endangered Dravidian language |
Koya | ![]() | minority |
Kui | ![]() | minority |
Kumarbhag Paharia | ![]() | minority |
Kurukh | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Maria | ![]() | minority |
Nagarchal | ![]() | minority, endangered Dravidian language |
Pardhan | ![]() | minority |
Sauria Paharia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Toda | ![]() | minority, endangered Dravidian language |
Telugu | ![]() | official Andhra Pradesh Telangana Yanam |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Tamil | ![]() | official in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry |
![]() | co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | |
![]() | co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | |
![]() | co-official with Sinhalese | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Malayalam | ![]() | official at state of Kerala |
![]() | minority | |
Tulu | ![]() | minority |
Kodava | ![]() | minority |
Ollari | ![]() | minority |
Japonic languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Japanese | ![]() | minority |
![]() | national | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | Official in Angaur | |
![]() | minority | |
Ryukyuan | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority |
Language isolate
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Basque | See also: Basque Country (historical territory) | |
![]() | majority in Northern Basque Country | |
![]() | co-official with Spanish in ![]() ![]() | |
Korean | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority, co-official with Chinese in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | not official – minority[6] | |
Nihali | ![]() | minority, endangered language |
South Caucasian languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Georgian | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Mingrelian language | ![]() | significant language |
![]() | significant language | |
Svan language | ![]() | minority |
Laz language | ![]() | significant language |
![]() | minority |
Sino-Tibetan languages
Other Sino-Tibetan
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Burmese[15] | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, 50,000 p. | |
![]() | minority | |
Dzongkha | ![]() | official |
Tibetan[16] | ![]() | minority, official in Tibet Autonomous Region |
![]() | minority, in Upper Mustang | |
![]() | minority | |
Hani[17] | ![]() | minority, in Yunnan province. |
![]() | minority, called "Hà Nhì" | |
![]() | minority, | |
Karen[15] | ![]() | minority, 7 mi. p., Kayin state |
![]() | minority, 1 mi. p., | |
![]() | minority, 70,000 p. | |
![]() | minority, 11,000 p. | |
Lahu[18] | ![]() | minority, 720,000 peoples, in Yunnan province. |
![]() | minority, 150,000 peoples | |
![]() | minority, 100,000 peoples | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, called "La Hủ" | |
Meithei | ![]() | recognized minority, spoken by 1.25 mi. p. in Manipur and others |
Nuosu (Yi, Lolo) | ![]() | minority, spoken by 7.76 mi. of Yi people in South China[19] |
![]() | minority, called "Lô Lô". |
Yue Chinese

The varieties of spoken Chinese in Eastern China and Taiwan.
Map of the Sinophone world Information: Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language
Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Major Chinese speaking settlements |
Cantonese
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | co-official with English | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with Portuguese | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Taishanese
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
Asia | ![]() | regional |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority |
Hakka
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Mandarin
Standard Chinese
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | national | |
![]() | co-official with English and Cantonese | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | co-official with Portuguese and Cantonese | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority[6] | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Min/Min Nan
Regions | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Africa | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Asia | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority, lingua franca in Penang | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | widely spoken, lingua franca alongside Hakka, see Taiwanese Hokkien, statutory language for public transportation announcements | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Europe | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
North America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Oceania | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
South America | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | regional | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Other Sinitic Lang.
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Gaoyang | ![]() | regional |
Hui | ![]() | regional |
Jin | ![]() | regional |
Hainanese | ![]() | regional |
Pinghua | ![]() | regional |
Wu | ![]() | regional |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Xiang | ![]() | regional |
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Bornean
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Brunei Malay | ![]() | regional |
![]() | minority | |
Coastal Kadazan | ![]() | minority |
Iban | ![]() | regional |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Malagasy | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority |
Filipino

Map of the Tagalog-speaking world
Countries with more than 500,000 speakers
Countries with more than 100,000 speakers
Countries where it is spoken by minor communities
East Fijian
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Fijian | ![]() | official |
Micronesian
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Carolinian | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
Chuukese | ![]() | regional |
Gilbertese | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Kosraean | ![]() | regional |
Marshallese | ![]() | official |
Nauruan | ![]() | official |
Pohnpeian | ![]() | regional |
Sosorolese | ![]() | regional |
Tobian | ![]() | regional |
Ulithian | ![]() | regional |
Yapese | ![]() | regional |
Polynesian
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Cook Islands Māori | ![]() | official |
Futunan | ![]() | official |
Hawaiian | ![]() | official |
Māori | ![]() | co-official with English and New Zealand Sign Language |
Niuean | ![]() | minority |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Rapa Nui | ![]() | official |
Samoan | ![]() | official |
![]() | official | |
Tahitan | ![]() | official |
Tokelauan | ![]() | official |
Tongan | ![]() | official |
Tuvaluan | ![]() | official |
Wallisian | ![]() | official |

Map of locations speakers of Indonesian
Sunda–Sulawesi
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Batak Toba | ![]() | minority |
Buginese | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Chamorro | ![]() | official |
![]() | official |
Malayo-Sumbawan
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Acehnese | ![]() | minority |
Balinese | ![]() | minority |
Banjarese | ![]() | minority |
Cham[20] | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Indonesian | ![]() | official |
![]() | co-official | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Jarai [21] | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Javanese | ![]() | regional |
![]() | minority | |
Lampung | ![]() | minority |
Madurese | ![]() | minority |
Makassarese | ![]() | minority |
Malay | ![]() | official |
![]() | official | |
![]() | co-official | |
![]() | official | |
![]() | minority | |
Minangkabau | ![]() | regional |
![]() | regional | |
Palauan | ![]() | official |
Rejang | ![]() | minority |
Sasak | ![]() | minority |
Tetum | ![]() | official |
Tungusic languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Evenki | ![]() | minority, in Siberia |
![]() | minority, in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia | |
![]() | minority | |
Nanai (Hezhen) | ![]() | minority, in Khabarovsk Krai |
![]() | minority, in Heilongjiang Province |
Uralic languages
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Estonian | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Finnish | ![]() | co-official with Swedish except in Åland Islands, where Swedish is the only official language. |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Hungarian | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | significant minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Sami | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Na-Dene
Apachean
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Navajo | ![]() | minority |
Apache | ![]() | minority |
Chiricahua | ![]() | minority |
Jicarilla | ![]() | minority |
Lipan Apache | ![]() | minority |
Plains Apache | ![]() | minority |
Mescalero | ![]() | minority |
Western Apache | ![]() | minority |
Iroquoian
Cherokee
Austroasiatic
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Bahnar[23] | ![]() | minority, 227,716 p. in south Vietnam (2009) |
Bru[24] | ![]() | minority, 69,000 p. in south Laos. |
![]() | minority, 74,500 p. in central Vietnam (2009) | |
![]() | minority | |
Khasi | ![]() | official language in Meghalaya |
Khmer[25] | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority, 1.26 mi. p. in south Vietnam | |
![]() | minority | |
Khmu[24] | ![]() | minority, 621,000 p. |
![]() | minority, 73,000 p. | |
![]() | minority, 10,000 p. | |
![]() | minority | |
Kuy[26] | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Mnong[23] | ![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
Mon | ![]() | Recognised regional language |
![]() | minority | |
Muong[23] | ![]() | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. Muong peoples in north Vietnam |
Vietnamese | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority[27] | |
![]() | minority[6] | |
![]() | minority, 0.21 mi.p.[28] | |
![]() | minority, 0.6 mi.p.[29] | |
![]() | minority, 0.22 mi.p. | |
![]() | minority, 0.3 mi.p. | |
![]() | minority, 0.1 mi.p. | |
Wa[30] | ![]() | minority, 0.9 mi. peoples in Shan state |
![]() | minority, 0.4 mi. peoples in China's Yunnan Province. |
Tai–Kadai
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Bouyei[31] | ![]() | minority, in south China |
![]() | minority, called "Giáy", in north Vietnam | |
Lao | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority, known as Isan, 20 mi. p. in northern and eastern Thailand | |
Thai | ![]() | official |
![]() | minority, spoken by Dai people in south China, noted as Tai Lü and Tai Nüa | |
![]() | minority, | |
![]() | minority, 1.6 mi. p., as Thái dialect in north Vietnam | |
Shan[15] | ![]() | minority, but majority in Shan state |
![]() | minority, in north-west | |
Nung[23] | ![]() | minority, spoken by 1 mi. p. in north Vietnam |
Tày[23] | ![]() | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. p. in north Vietnam |
Zhuang | ![]() | minority,[32] 18 mi. peoples, most in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. |
Hmong–Mien
Language | Country | Status |
---|---|---|
Hmong[33] (Miao) |
![]() | minority |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority | |
Mienic (Yao) |
![]() | minority |
![]() | minority, called "Dao" | |
![]() | minority | |
![]() | minority |
Notes and references
- 1 2 https://www.ethnologue.com/language/aln
- ↑ https://www.ethnologue.com/language/aae
- ↑ https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sqi
- ↑ "Welsh Government | Census of population". Wales.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
- ↑ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Official website of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-20. ||Article XIV, Section 7
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Johnson, Fern L. "Speaking culturally: language diversity in the United States," Table 1.5: "Speakers age 5 years and older of top 25 languages other than English." Sage Publications, Inc., 1999. Page 12. ISBN 978-0-8039-5912-5. Retrieved August 5, 2011
- ↑ Syed Yasir Kazmi (October 16, 2009). "Pakistani Bengalis". DEMOTIX. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "کراچی کے 'بنگالی پاکستانی'(Urdu)". محمد عثمان جامعی. 17 November 2003. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "The Language Movement : An Outline". Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Karachi Department of Bengali". Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ Awadhi, at Ethnologue, 16th ed., 2009. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Croats of Romania
- ↑ http://www.usefoundation.org/view/981
- ↑ Kalmyk-Oirat in Ethnologue. Retrieved 01/08/2015.
- 1 2 3 Languages of Myanmar. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Standard Tibetan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015). Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Hani. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Lahu. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ The Yi Ethnic Group. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Cham, Western & Cham, Eastern. Ethnologue. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Jarai. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ census.gov 2007 American Community Survey. Accessed 2010-07-13.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Languages of Viet Nam. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- 1 2 Languages of Laos. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Languages of Cambodia. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Kuy. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
- ↑ Year Book Australia, 2012. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ CIA. The World Factbook/ Cambodia/Race, 2010. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Wa, Parauk. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Bouyei. Ethnologue. 18th ed., 2015. Retrieved 18/08/2015.
- ↑ Map of Major Zhuang language groups
- ↑ Bryce Schroeder's Hmong page. Retrieved 01/08/2015.
External links
- Interactive world map of 10 widely spoken languages by country
- UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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