List of state leaders in 1965

See also
List of state leaders in 1964 Events of 1965 List of state leaders in 1966 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1965 List of sovereign states in 1965 List of colonial governors in 1965

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1965.

Africa

Algeria
- Head of State –
  1. Ahmed Ben Bella, President of Algeria (1963–1965)
  2. Houari Boumediene, President of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria (1965–1978)
Burundi
- Monarch – Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King of Burundi (1915–1966)^[1]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Albin Nyamoya, Prime Minister of Burundi (1964–1965)
  2. Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime Minister of Burundi (1965)
  3. Pié Masumbuko, Prime Minister of Burundi (1965)
  4. Joseph Bamina, Prime Minister of Burundi (1965)
  5. Prince Léopold Biha, Prime Minister of Burundi (1965–1966)
Cameroon
- President – Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Prime Ministers-
  - East Cameroon –
    1. Charles Assalé, Prime Minister of East Cameroon (1960–1965)
    2. Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime Minister of East Cameroon (1965)
    3. Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime Minister of East Cameroon (1965–1972)
  - West Cameroon –
    1. John Ngu Foncha, Prime Minister of West Cameroon (1959–1965)^[2]
    2. Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime Minister of West Cameroon (1965–1968)
Central African Republic
- President – David Dacko, President of the Central African Republic (1960–1966)
Chad
- President – François Tombalbaye, President of Chad (1960–1975)
- Prime Minister – François Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)^[3]
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President of the Republic of Congo (1963–1968)
- Prime Minister – Pascal Lissouba, Prime Minister of the Republic of Congo (1963–1966)
Congo–Léopoldville (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President –
  1. Joseph Kasa-Vubu, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1960–1965)
  2. Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965–1994)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Moise Tshombe, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1965)
  2. Évariste Kimba, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
  3. Léonard Mulumba, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965–1966)
Dahomey
- President –
  1. Sourou-Migan Apithy, President of Dahomey (1964–1965)
  2. Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Acting President of Dahomey (1965)
  3. Tahirou Congacou, Acting President of Dahomey (1965)
  4. Christophe Soglo, President of Dahomey (1965–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Prime Minister of Dahomey (1964–1965)
  2. Christophe Soglo, Prime Minister of Dahomey (1965–1967)
Egypt (United Arab Republic)
- President – Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)^[4]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Ali Sabri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1962–1965)
  2. Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime Minister of Egypt (1965–1966)
Ethiopia
- Monarch – Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[5]
- Prime Minister – Aklilu Habte-Wold, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1961–1974)
Gabon
- President – Léon M'ba, President of Gabon (1964–1967)
The Gambia
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate gained independence on 18 February 1965
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Gambia (1965–1970)
- Governor-General – Sir John Warburton Paul, Governor of The Gambia (1962–1965), Governor-General of The Gambia (1965–1966)
- Prime Minister – Dawda Jawara, Prime Minister of The Gambia (1962–1970)
Ghana
- President – Kwame Nkrumah, President for Life of Ghana (1960–1966)
Guinea
- President – Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
Ivory Coast
- President – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
Kenya
- President – Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964–1978)
Liberia
- President – William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
Libya
- Monarch – Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime Minister of Libya (1964–1965)
  2. Hussein Maziq, Prime Minister of Libya (1965–1967)
Malagasy Republic
- President – Philibert Tsiranana, President of the Malagasy Republic (1959–1972)^[6]
Malawi
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Malawi (1964–1966)
- Governor-General – Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones, Governor-General of Malawi (1961–1966)^[7]
- Prime Minister – Hastings Banda, Prime Minister of Malawi (1963–1966)^[8]
Mali
- Head of State – Modibo Keïta, Chief of State of Mali (1960–1968)
- Prime Minister – Modibo Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1959–1965)^[9]
Mauritania
- President – Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)
Morocco –
- Monarch – Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Bahnini, Prime Minister of Morocco (1963–1965)
Niger
- President – Hamani Diori, President of Niger (1960–1974)
Nigeria –
- President – Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of Nigeria (1960–1966)^[10]
- Prime Minister – Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria (1957–1966)^[11]
Rhodesia (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- Southern Rhodesia declared independence on 11 November 1965
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Rhodesia (unacknowledged by her) (1965–1970)
- Governor – Sir Humphrey Gibbs, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (1959–1969)^[12]
- Officer Administering the Government – Clifford Dupont, Officer Administering the Government of Rhodesia (1965–1975)^[13]
- Prime Minister – Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965–1979)
Rwanda
- President – Grégoire Kayibanda, President of Rwanda (1961–1973)^[14]
Senegal
- President – Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
Sierra Leone
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Sierra Leone (1961–1971)
- Governor-General – Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston, Governor-General of Sierra Leone (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister – Sir Albert Margai, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1964–1967)
Somalia
- President – Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President of Somalia (1960–1967)
- Prime Minister – Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Prime Minister of Somalia (1964–1967)
South Africa
- President – Charles Robberts Swart, State President of South Africa (1961–1967)
- Prime Minister – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (1958–1966)
Sudan
- Head of State –
  1. Committee of Sovereignty, Head of State of Sudan (1964–1965)
  2. Ismail al-Azhari, Chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan (1965–1969)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, Prime Minister of Sudan (1964–1965)
  2. Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime Minister of Sudan (1965–1966)
Tanzania
- President – Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)^[15]
Togo
- President – Nicolas Grunitzky, President of Togo (1963–1967)
Tunisia
- President – Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
Uganda
- President – Sir Edward Mutesa II, President of Uganda (1963–1966)
- Prime Minister – Milton Obote, Prime Minister of Uganda (1962–1966)
Upper Volta
- President – Maurice Yaméogo, President of Upper Volta (1959–1966)^[16]
Zambia
- President – Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Mohammad Yusuf, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1963–1965)
  2. Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1965–1967)
Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
Burma
- President – Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
- Prime Minister – Ne Win, Prime Minister of Burma (1962–1974)
Cambodia
- Head of State – Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia (1960–1970)
- Prime Minister – Prince Norodom Kantol, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1962–1966)
Ceylon
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General – William Gopallawa, Governor-General of Ceylon (1962–1978)^[17]
- Prime Minister –
  1. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1960–1965)
  2. Dudley Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1965–1970)
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State – Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of China (1959–1968)
- Premier – Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
India
- President – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, President of India (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (1964–1966)
Indonesia
- President – Sukarno, President for Life of Indonesia (1945–1967)
Iran
- Monarch – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hassan-Ali Mansur, Prime Minister of Iran (1964–1965)
  2. Amir-Abbas Hoveida, Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)
Iraq
- President – Abdul Salam Arif, President of Iraq (1963–1966)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Tahir Yahya, Prime Minister of Iraq (1963–1965)
  2. Arif Abd ar-Razzaq, Prime Minister of Iraq (1965)
  3. Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Prime Minister of Iraq (1965–1966)
Israel
- President – Zalman Shazar, President of Israel (1963–1973)
- Prime Minister – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (1963–1969)
Japan
- Monarch – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister – Eisaku Satō, Prime Minister of Japan (1964–1972)
Jordan
- Monarch – Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Bahjat Talhouni, Prime Minister of Jordan (1964–1965)
  2. Wasfi al-Tal, Prime Minister of Jordan (1965–1967)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State – Choi Yong-kun, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1957–1972)
- Prime Minister – Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[18]
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (1962–1979)
- Prime Minister – Chung Il-kwon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1964–1970)
Kuwait
- Monarch –
  1. Sheikh Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1950–1965)^[19]
  2. Sheikh Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Sheikh Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1963–1965)
  2. Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1965–1978)
Laos
- Monarch – Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
- Prime Minister – Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1962–1975)
Lebanon –
- President – Charles Helou, President of Lebanon (1964–1970)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hussein al-Oweini, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1964–1965)
  2. Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1965–1966)
Malaysia
- Monarch –
  1. Tuanku Syed Putra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1960–1965)
  2. Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1965–1970)
- Prime Minister – Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1955–1970)^[20]
Maldives
- gained independence on 26 July 1965
- British Resident – Sir Michael Walker, British Resident in the Maldives (1962–1965)
- Monarch – Muhammad Fareed Didi, Sultan of the Maldives (1954–1968)
- Prime Minister – Ibrahim Nasir, Prime Minister of the Maldives (1957–1968)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State – Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier – Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch – Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch – Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Tulsi Giri, Prime Minister of Nepal (1964–1965)
  2. Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1965–1969)
Pakistan
- President – Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (1958–1969)
Philippines
- President –
  1. Diosdado Macapagal, President of the Philippines (1961–1965)
  2. Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964–1975)
- Prime Minister – Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1962–1975)
Singapore
- the State of Singapore declared its independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965
- President – Yusof bin Ishak, Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore (1959–1965), President of Singapore (1965–1971)
- Prime Minister – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)
Syria
- Head of State – Amin al-Hafiz, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Syria (1963–1966)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Amin al-Hafiz, Prime Minister of Syria (1964–1965)
  2. Yusuf Zuaiyin, Prime Minister of Syria (1965)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier – Yen Chia-kan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1963–1972)
Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister – Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime Minister of Thailand (1963–1973)
Turkey
- President – Cemal Gürsel, President of Turkey (1960–1966)
- Prime Minister –
  1. İsmet İnönü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1961–1965)
  2. Suat Hayri Ürgüplü, Prime Minister of Turkey (1965)
  3. Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1965–1971)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader – Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- President – Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier – Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)^[21]
South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President –
  1. Phan Khắc Sửu, President of South Vietnam (1964–1965)
  2. Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (1965–1975)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Trần Văn Hương, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1964–1965)
  2. Nguyễn Xuân Oánh, Acting Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1965)
  3. Phan Huy Quát, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1965)
  4. Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1965–1967)
Yemen
- President – Abdullah al-Sallal, President of Yemen (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Hamoud al-Gayifi, Prime Minister of Yemen (1964–1965)
  2. Hassan al-Amri, Prime Minister of Yemen (1965)
  3. Ahmad Muhammad Numan, Prime Minister of Yemen (1965)
  4. Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime Minister of Yemen (1965)
  5. Hassan al-Amri, Prime Minister of Yemen (1965–1966)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader – Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State – Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier – Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
Andorra
- Monarchs –
  - French Co-Prince – Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1959–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Roger Vincenot (1964–1970)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince – Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative – Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic – Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1960–1966)
Austria
- President –
  1. Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
  2. Josef Klaus, Acting Federal President of Austria (1965)
  3. Franz Jonas, Federal President of Austria (1965–1974)
- Chancellor – Josef Klaus, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1964–1970)
Belgium
- Monarch – Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Théo Lefèvre, Prime Minister of Belgium (1961–1965)
  2. Pierre Harmel, Prime Minister of Belgium (1965–1966)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader – Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State – Georgi Traykov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1964–1971)
- Premier – Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1962–1971)
Cyprus
- President – Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1960–1974)
Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader – Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President – Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
- Prime Minister – Jozef Lenárt, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1963–1968)
Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister – Jens Otto Krag, Prime Minister of Denmark (1962–1968)
Finland
- President – Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister – Johannes Virolainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1964–1966)
France
- President – Charles de Gaulle, President of France (1959–1969)
- Prime Minister – Georges Pompidou, Prime Minister of France (1962–1968)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader – Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- Head of State – Walter Ulbricht, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1960–1973)
- Premier – Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1964–1973)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President – Heinrich Lübke, Federal President of West Germany (1959–1969)
- Chancellor – Ludwig Erhard, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1963–1966)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor – Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
Greece
- Monarch – Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (1964–1973)^[22]
- Prime Minister –
  1. George Papandreou, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1964–1965)
  2. Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1965)
  3. Ilias Tsirimokos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1965)
  4. Stephanos Stephanopoulos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1965–1966)
Hungary –
- Communist Party Leader – János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State – István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier –
  1. János Kádár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1961–1965)
  2. Gyula Kállai, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1965–1967)
Iceland
- President – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister – Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1963–1970)
Ireland
- President – Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1959–1973)
- Prime Minister – Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (1959–1966)
Italy
- President – Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (1964–1971)
- Prime Minister – Aldo Moro, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1963–1968)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister – Gerard Batliner, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1962–1970)
Luxembourg
- Monarch – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister – Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1959–1974)
Malta
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Malta (1964–1974)
- Governor-General – Sir Maurice Henry Dorman, Governor-General of Malta (1962–1971)^[23]
- Prime Minister – Giorgio Borg Olivier, Prime Minister of Malta (1962–1971)^[24]
Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government – Jean Reymond, Minister of State of Monaco (1963–1966)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister –
    1. Victor Marijnen, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1963–1965)
    2. Jo Cals, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1965–1966)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - Governor – Cola Debrot, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1962–1970)
  - Prime Minister – Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Suriname (constituent country)
  - Governor-General –
    1. François Haverschmidt, Acting Governor-General of Suriname (1964–1965)
    2. Henri Lucien de Vries, Governor-General of Suriname (1965–1968)
  - Prime Minister – Johan Adolf Pengel, Prime Minister of Suriname (1963–1969)
Norway
- Monarch – Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1963–1965)
  2. Per Borten, Prime Minister of Norway (1965–1971)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader – Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
- Head of State – Edward Ochab, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1964–1968)
- Premier – Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
Portugal
- President – Américo Tomás, President of Portugal (1958–1974)
- Premier – António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader –
  1. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
  2. Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- Head of State –
  1. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, President of the Council of State of Romania (1961–1965)
  2. Chivu Stoica, President of the Council of State of Romania (1965–1967)
- Premier – Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1961–1974)
San Marino
- Captains Regent
  1. Giuseppe Micheloni and Pier Marino Mularoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1964–1965)
  2. Ferruccio Piva and Federico Carattoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1965)
  3. Alvaro Casali and Pietro Reffi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1965–1966)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader – Leonid Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
- Head of State –
  1. Anastas Mikoyan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1964–1965)
  2. Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1965–1977)
- Premier – Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1964–1980)
Spain
- Head of State – Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister – Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch – Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister – Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:^[25]
  Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1958–1965), Willy Spühler (1959–1970), Ludwig von Moos (1959–1971), Hans-Peter Tschudi (1959–1973, President), Hans Schaffner (1961–1969), Roger Bonvin (1962–1973), Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979)
United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1964–1970)
Vatican City
- Monarch – Pope Paul VI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1963–1978)
- President of the Governorate – Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1961–1969)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State – Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Cardinal Secretary of State (1961–1969)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader – Josip Broz Tito, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President – Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier – Petar Stambolić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1963–1967)

North America

Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General – Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (1959–1967)
- Prime Minister – Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968)
Costa Rica
- President – Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President of Costa Rica (1962–1966)
Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)^[26]
Dominican Republic
- Head of State –
  1. Triumvirate, Head of State of the Dominican Republic (1963–1965)
  2. Francisco Caamaño, President of the Dominican Republic (1965)
  3. José Rafael Molina Ureña, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1965)
  4. Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Chairman of the Military Junta of the Dominican Republic (1965)
  5. Antonio Imbert Barrera, President of the Dominican Republic (1965)
  6. Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966)
El Salvador
- President – Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President of El Salvador (1962–1967)
Guatemala
- President – Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President of Guatemala (1963–1966)
Haiti
- President – François Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1957–1971)
Honduras
- President – Oswaldo López Arellano, President of Honduras (1963–1971)
Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Campbell, Governor-General of Jamaica (1962–1973)
- Prime Minister – Sir Alexander Bustamante, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1962–1967)
Mexico
- President – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico (1964–1970)
Nicaragua
- President – René Schick, President of Nicaragua (1963–1966)
Panama
- President – Marco Aurelio Robles, President of Panama (1964–1968)
Trinidad and Tobago
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)
- Governor-General – Sir Solomon Hochoy, Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1960–1972)^[27]
- Prime Minister – Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)^[28]
United States of America
- President – Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States (1963–1969)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General –
  1. William Sidney, Viscount De L'Isle, Governor-General of Australia (1961–1965)
  2. Richard Casey, Baron Casey, Governor-General of Australia (1965–1969)
- Prime Minister – Sir Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Bernard Fergusson, Governor-General of New Zealand (1962–1967)
- Prime Minister – Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1960–1972)
Western Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1959–1970)^[29]

South America

Argentina
- President – Arturo Umberto Illia, President of Argentina (1963–1966)
Bolivia
- Head of State –
  1. René Barrientos, Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1964–1965)
  2. René Barrientos + Alfredo Ovando Candía, Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1965–1966)
Brazil
- President – Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, President of Brazil (1964–1967)
Chile
- President – Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (1964–1970)
Colombia
- President – Guillermo León Valencia, President of Colombia (1962–1966)
Ecuador
- Head of State – Ramón Castro Jijón, Chairman of the Military Junta of Ecuador (1963–1966)
Paraguay
- President – Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
Peru
- President – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (1963–1968)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Fernando Schwalb López Aldana, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1963–1965)
  2. Daniel Becerra de la Flor, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1965–1967)
Uruguay
- Head of State –
  1. Luis Giannattasio, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1964–1965)
  2. Washington Beltrán, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1965–1966)
Venezuela
- President – Raúl Leoni, President of Venezuela (1964–1969)

References

↑ Burundi only became independent in 1962.
↑ West Cameroon joined Cameroon only in 1961.
↑ Chad only became independent in 1960.
↑ Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958–1961.
↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ The Malagasy Republic only became independent in 1960.
↑ Malawi only became independent in 1964, before that Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones was titled Governor of Nyasaland.
↑ Malawi only became independent in 1964.
↑ Mali only became independent in 1960.
↑ Nnamdi Azikiwe was titled Governor-General of Nigeria between 1960 and 1963 under the monarchy.
↑ Nigeria only became independent in 1960.
↑ Unacknowledged by the government after 1965.
↑ Clifford Dupont was titled President of Rhodesia between 1970 and 1975 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
↑ Rwanda only became independent in 1962.
↑ Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
↑ Upper Volta only became independent in 1960.
↑ William Gopallawa was titled President of Sri Lanka between 1972 and 1978 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
↑ North Korea only became independent in 1948.
↑ Kuwait only became independent in 1961.
↑ Malaysia (then called Malaya) only became independent in 1957.
↑ Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
↑ King Constantine II went into exile in 1967.
↑ Malta only became independent in 1964, until then Sir Maurice Henry Dorman was titled Governor of Malta.
↑ Malta only became independent in 1964.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.
↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962, until then Sir Solomon Hochoy was titled Governor of Trinidad and Tobago.
↑ Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
↑ Western Samoa only became independent in 1962.

Rulers

External links

State leaders by year of the 20th century

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