Long March 3

Not to be confused with Long March 3 rocket family.

Long March 3
Size
Long March 3
Function	Carrier rocket
Manufacturer	CALT
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Height	43.25 metres (141.9 ft)^[1]
Diameter	3.35 metres (11.0 ft)^[1]
Mass	204,000 kilograms (450,000 lb)^[1]
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO	5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb)^[2]
Payload to GTO	1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb)^[2]
Associated rockets
Family	Long March
Derivatives	Long March 3A
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	LA-3, XSLC
Total launches	13
Successes	10
Failures	2
Partial failures	1
First flight	29 January 1984
Last flight	25 June 2000

First stage
Length	23.49 m
Diameter	3.35 m
Empty mass	9,378 kg (20,675 lb)
Gross mass	153,070 kg (337,460 lb)
Propellant mass	143,692 kg (316,787 lb)
Engines	4 YF-21B
Thrust	2,961.6 kN (665,800 lb_f)
Specific impulse	2,556.2 m/s (260.66 s)
Burn time	121 s
Fuel	N2O4/UDMH
Second stage
Length	9.47 m
Diameter	3.35 m
Empty mass	3,599 kg (7,934 lb)
Gross mass	39,440 kg (86,950 lb)
Propellant mass	35,841 kg (79,016 lb)
Engines	1 YF-24D (1 x YF-22D (Main)) (4 x YF-23F (Vernier))
Thrust	741.4 kN (166,700 lb_f) (Main) 47.1 kN (10,600 lb_f) (Vernier)
Specific impulse	2,922.4 m/s (298.00 s) (Main) 2,762 m/s (281.6 s) (Vernier)
Burn time	130 s
Fuel	N2O4/UDMH
Third stage
Length	10.36 m
Diameter	2.25 m
Empty mass	1,965 kg (4,332 lb)
Gross mass	10,700 kg (23,600 lb)
Propellant mass	8,731 kg (19,249 lb)
Engines	1 YF-73
Thrust	44.43 kN (9,990 lb_f)
Specific impulse	4,119 m/s (420.0 s)
Burn time	729 s
Fuel	LH2/LOX

The Long March 3 (Chinese: 长征三号火箭), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage.

List of launches

Main article: List of Long March launches

Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Result
1	January 29, 1984 12:25	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 1	GTO (intended)	Partial Failure
2	April 8, 1984 11:20	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 2	GTO	Success
3	February 1, 1986 12:37	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2-1	GTO	Success
4	March 7, 1988 12:41	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-1 (ChinaSat 1)	GTO	Success
5	December 22, 1988 12:40	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-2 (ChinaSat 2)	GTO	Success
6	February 4, 1990 12:28	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-3 (ChinaSat 3)	GTO	Success
7	April 7, 1990 13:30	LA-3, XSLC	AsiaSat 1	GTO	Success
8	December 28, 1991 12:00	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-4 (ChinaSat 4)	GTO (intended)	Failure
9	July 21, 1994 10:55	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1	GTO	Success
10	July 3, 1996 10:47	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1A	GTO	Success
11	August 18, 1996 10:27	LA-3, XSLC	ChinaSat 7	GTO (intended)	Failure
12	June 10, 1997 12:01	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2A	GTO	Success
13	June 25, 2000 11:50	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2B	GTO	Success

Launch failures

Dong Fang Hong 2 launch failure

On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect mixture ratio in the engine gas generator, which caused high temperatures and burned out the turbine casing. However, many planned tests on the experimental communications spacecraft were still carried out in the resulting elliptical orbit.

ChinaSat 4 launch failure

On December 28, 1991, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third-stage engine suffered a loss of turbine speed and combustion pressure 58 s after re-igniting for the second burn for GTO insertion and shut down completely 135 s after re-ignition. Loss of pressure in the high-pressure helium supply used for engine control had reduced the propellant flow.

ChinaSat 7 launch failure

On August 18, 1996 a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight.

References

1 2 3 Mark Wade. "CZ-3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
1 2 Gunter Krebs. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2008-04-27.

Orbital launch systems

See also: Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Antares 200 Ariane 5 Atlas V Delta II IV Dnepr Epsilon Falcon 9 v1.2 "Full Thrust" GSLV H-IIA H-IIB Kuaizhou Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B 3C 4B 4C 5 6 7 11 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Pegasus Proton-M PSLV Rokot Safir Shavit Simorgh Soyuz U FG Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v Strela Unha Vega Zenit 3SL 3SLB 3F

In development	Angara A5P A5V Antares 300 Ariane 6 Electron Falcon 9 "Block 5" Falcon Heavy Firefly α H3 ITS KZ-11 KZ-21 Long March 8 9 LauncherOne Mayak Naga-L Naro-2 New Glenn Orel Proton Light Medium RPS SLS Soyuz-5 SPARK SS-520 Tronador II Tsyklon-4 ULV VLM Vulcan

Retired	Antares 100 Ariane 1 2 3 4 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 III Diamant Energia Europa Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 Feng Bao 1 H-I H-II Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M Lambda 4S Long March 1 2A 2E 3 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1 N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot Proton UR-500 K R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Saturn I IB V INT-21 Scout SLV Space Shuttle Sparta Start-1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon 2 3 Vanguard Zenit 2 2M

Chinese space program

Space programs	Beidou Navigation Satellite System Chinese anti-satellite missile test Chinese space station CBERS CLEP (Chang'e) Dark Matter Particle Explorer Dong Fang Hong Double Star Fanhui Shi Weixing Fengyun Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Kuafu Kuaizhou Long March Naga-L Project 921-3 Shenlong Shenzhou program Shuguang Space Solar Telescope Tiangong program Tianlian I Tianzhou Yaogan Yinghuo-1

Launch sites	Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center (include China Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site)

Scientists	Chen Qiufa Du Qinghua Hu Haichang Ma Xingrui Ouyang Ziyuan Qi Faren Qian Xuesen Sun Laiyan Wan Hu Wang Yongzhi Xu Dazhe Ye Peijian Zhao Jiuzhang Zhu Miaolong

Astronauts	Chen Dong Fei Junlong Jing Haipeng Liu Boming Liu Yang Liu Wang Nie Haisheng Yang Liwei Zhai Zhigang Zhang Xiaoguang Wang Yaping

China National Space Administration (CNSA)

Long March rockets

LM 1 family	Long March 1 1D

LM 2 family	Feng Bao 1 Long March 2A 2C 2D 2E 2E(A) 2F

LM 3 family	Long March 3 3A 3B 3B/E 3B(A) 3C

LM 4 family	Long March 4A 4B 4C

LM 5 family	Long March 5

LM 6 family	Long March 6

LM 7 family	Long March 7

LM 8 family	Long March 8

LM 9 family	Long March 9

LM 11 family	Long March 11

List of Long March launches China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology

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