Lord Walter Kerr

Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr, GCB, PC (28 September 1839 – 12 May 1927) was a Royal Navy officer. After taking part in the Crimean War and then the Indian Mutiny, he supervised the handover of Ulcinj to Montenegro to allow Montenegro an outlet to the sea in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Berlin. He became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron and then Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet. He went on to be Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, then Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron and finally became First Naval Lord. In that capacity he presided over a period of continued re-armament in the face of German naval expansion but was unceasingly harassed by Admiral Sir John Fisher.

Early career

Born the fourth son of John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian and Lady Cecil Chetwynd Talbot (daughter of Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot), Kerr was educated at Radley College and joined the first-rate HMS Prince Regent as a naval cadet in August 1853.^[1] He saw action during the Crimean War serving in the first-rate HMS Neptune in March 1854 and then in the third-rate HMS Cornwallis in May 1855.^[1] Promoted to midshipman in August 1855, he joined the frigate HMS Shannon on the East Indies and China Station in August 1856.^[1] He saw action during the Indian mutiny when the ship's crew landed as a naval brigade in December 1857.^[1] Kerr was wounded near Cawnpore^[2] but still took part in the capture of Lucknow in February 1858.^[1] After being mentioned in despatches on 31 March 1858^[3] and promoted to mate on 28 September 1858, he transferred to the royal yacht HMY Victoria and Albert in June 1859.^[1]

Promoted to lieutenant on 5 September 1859, Kerr was appointed to the steam frigate HMS Emerald in the Channel Squadron in July 1860 and to the second-rate HMS Princess Royal, flagship on the East Indies and China Station in February 1864.^[1] While serving on HMS Princess Royal and ashore in the treaty port of Yokohama, Kerr also found the opportunity to take some of the earliest photographic pictures of Japan^[4] and in 1866 helped to establish the first Rugby Football club in the country.^[5] Promoted to commander on 3 April 1868,^[6] he was posted to the ironclad battleship HMS Hercules in the Channel Squadron in November 1868 and was awarded the Royal Humane Society's silver medal for jumping overboard to rescue a man who had fallen from the rigging into the River Tagus.^[1]

Kerr became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron and Captain of the battleship HMS Lord Warden in September 1871 and, having been promoted to captain on 30 November 1872^[7] and while remaining Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron, he became Captain of the frigate HMS Agincourt in October 1874 and then Captain of the frigate HMS Minotaur in August 1875.^[8] He became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and Captain of the frigate HMS Inconstant in February 1880 and then, while remaining Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, he became Captain of the ironclad battleship HMS Alexandra in March 1880.^[8]

Kerr supervised the handover of Ulcinj to Montenegro to allow Montenegro an outlet to the sea in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Berlin in September 1880.^[9] He became Captain of the Medway Steam Reserve in December 1881 and naval private secretary to Lord George Hamilton, First Lord of the Admiralty in July 1885.^[9]

Flag officer

The battleship, HMS Royal Sovereign, Kerr's flagship as Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron

Kerr caricatured by Spy for Vanity Fair, 1900

Promoted to rear admiral on 1 January 1889, Kerr became Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, hoisting his flag in the battleship HMS Trafalgar in April 1890 and then in the cruiser HMS Amphion in April 1892.^[8] He became Junior Naval lord in August 1892 and Second Naval Lord in November 1893.^[9] Promoted to vice admiral on 20 February 1895,^[10] he became Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron, hoisting his flag in the battleship HMS Royal Sovereign in May 1895 and then in the battleship HMS Majestic in December 1895.^[8] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1896.^[11]

Kerr became Second Naval Lord again in May 1899 before being made First Naval Lord in August 1899.^[9] He was promoted to full admiral on 21 March 1900,^[12] advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 26 June 1902^[13] and then promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 16 June 1904.^[14] During his time as First Naval Lord Kerr presided over a period of continued re-armament in the face of German naval expansion but was unceasingly harassed by Admiral Sir John Fisher^[15] until he was replaced by Fisher in October 1904.^[9]

In retirement he was President of the Catholic Union of Great Britain: he lived at Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire (which his wife had inherited) and died there on 12 May 1927.^[9] He was buried at St Michael's Church nearby.^[9]

Family

In 1873 Kerr married Lady Amabel Cowper, the youngest daughter of George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper; they had four sons and two daughters:^[16]

• Ralph Francis (1874–1932), priest;
• Andrew William (1877–1929), married Marie Constance Kerr (a descendant of the 5th Marquess of Lothian) (1889–1929), had issue, including Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian;
• Mary Catherine (1878–1957), nun;
• Margaret Mary (1880–1943), unmarried;
• John David (1883–1954), married Annabel Mary Ward (d. 1974), no issue;
• Philip Walter (1886–1941) married Dorothy Lucy Cave (a descendant of the 6th Marquess of Lothian)

Ancestry

References

Sources

• Boyce, George (1990). The crisis of British power: the imperial and naval papers of the second earl of Selborne, 1895–1910. Historians' Press. ISBN 978-0950890081. 
• Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6. 
• Mosley, Charles (ed.) (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2. Wilmington: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. ISBN 978-1579580834. 

External links

• The Dreadnought Project: Lord Walter Kerr
• William Loney RN Career History

First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy
First Naval Lords (1828–1904)	Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr
First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones