Sir Charles Madden, 1st Baronet

Sir Charles Madden, Bt
Sir Charles Madden when he was a vice admiral
Born	(1862-09-05)5 September 1862 Gillingham, Kent
Died	5 June 1935(1935-06-05) (aged 72) London
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1875–1930
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands held	First Sea Lord Atlantic Fleet 1st Battle Squadron 2nd Cruiser Squadron 3rd Cruiser Squadron First division of the Home Fleet HMS Dreadnought HMS Good Hope
Battles/wars	Anglo-Egyptian War First World War
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Member of the Order of Merit Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Mentioned in Despatches

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Edward Madden, 1st Baronet GCB, OM, GCVO, KCMG (5 September 1862 – 5 June 1935) was a Royal Navy officer who served during the First World War as Chief of the Staff to Sir John Jellicoe in the Grand Fleet from 1914 to 1916 and as Second-in-Command of the fleet under Sir David Beatty from 1916 to 1919. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet after the war and served as First Sea Lord in the late 1920s. In that role, in order to avoid an arms race, he accepted parity with the United States in the form of 50 cruisers defending his position on the basis that he only actually had 48 cruisers anyway.

Early career

Born the second son of Captain John William Madden of the 4th (King's Own) Regiment and Emily Madden (née Busby), Madden joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in the training ship HMS Britannia in 1875.^[1] Promoted to midshipman he was posted to the central battery ship HMS Alexandra, flagship of Admiral Geoffrey Hornby Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1877 and was deployed to Constantinople during the Russo-Turkish War.^[1] He transferred to the corvette HMS Ruby in the East Indies Squadron in 1880.^[1] Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 27 October 1881, he was deployed to Suez during the Anglo-Egyptian War and was mentioned in despatches in 1883.^[1] He transferred to the battleship HMS Minotaur in the Channel Squadron in September 1883.^[1]

A portrait of Sir Charles Madden by Reginald Grenville Eves

Promoted to lieutenant on 27 July 1884,^[2] Madden transferred to the troopship HMS Assistance in November 1884 and then attended the torpedo school HMS Vernon before joining the directing staff there in 1885.^[1] He became torpedo officer in the frigate HMS Raleigh on the Cape of Good Hope Station in March 1888 and then in the battleship HMS Royal Sovereign, flagship of the Channel Squadron in 1892 before rejoining the staff of HMS Vernon in 1893.^[1] Promoted to commander on 30 June 1896,^[3] he was posted to the cruiser HMS Terrible in the Mediterranean Fleet and then the battleship HMS Caesar also in the Mediterranean Fleet before returning to HMS Vernon again in 1899.^[1] Promoted to captain on 30 June 1901,^[4] he was in February 1902 appointed to HMS Renown, flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet, as an additional officer for duty with torpedo boat destroyers in the Mediterranean.^[5] From April 1902, this included command of the ironclad HMS Orion, depot-ship at Malta for torpedo boats.^[6] Later the same year, he was given command of the armoured cruiser HMS Good Hope, flagship of Admiral Wilmot Fawkes commanding the cruiser squadron on the North America and West Indies Station.^[1] Appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order on 11 August 1903,^[7] he joined the Ship Design Committee, which produced the Dreadnought and Invincible-class designs for battleships and armoured battlecruisers, in December 1904 and then became naval assistant to Admiral Henry Jackson, Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in February 1905.^[1] He became naval assistant to the First Sea Lord in December 1905 and was advanced to Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 3 August 1907.^[8]

Madden returned to sea as commanding officer of the battleship HMS Dreadnought and chief of staff to Sir Francis Bridgeman, commander-in-chief of the Home Fleet in August 1907.^[1] He became Private Naval Secretary to Reginald McKenna, First Lord of the Admiralty, in December 1908 and, having been appointed a naval aide-de-camp to the King on 4 January 1910,^[9] he went on to be Fourth Sea Lord in January 1910^[1] and took part in the funeral of King Edward VII in May 1910.^[10] Promoted to rear admiral on 12 April 1911,^[11] he was given command of the first division of the Home Fleet during 1912, the 3rd cruiser squadron during 1913, and then the 2nd cruiser squadron during 1914.^[12]

First World War

The battleship HMS Iron Duke, in which Madden saw action as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet at the Battle of Jutland

When Admiral Sir John Jellicoe was appointed to take over the command of the Grand Fleet at the start of the First World War, he asked for his wife's brother-in-law, Madden, who had been designated to rejoin the Board of Admiralty as Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy, to accompany him as chief of staff.^[12] Madden was accordingly sent to join Jellicoe in the dreadnought HMS Iron Duke, Jellicoe's flagship, in August 1914 and, having been promoted to acting vice admiral in June 1915 and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1916 New Year Honours,^[13] he took part in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916.^[12] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 31 May 1916 for his services at Jutland^[14] and confirmed in the rank of vice-admiral on 9 June 1916.^[15] He was also appointed a commander of the French Legion of Honour on 15 September 1916.^[16]

Madden was given command of the 1st Battle Squadron, as second in command of the Grand Fleet with his flag in the battleship HMS Marlborough in December 1916 later transferring his flag to the battleship HMS Revenge.^[12] He was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anna 1st class (with swords) on 5 June 1917,^[17] given the Japanese Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun on 29 August 1917^[18] and appointed a Grand Officer of the Belgian Order of Leopold on 29 November 1918^[19] as well as being awarded the French Croix de Guerre on 15 February 1919^[20] and the Chinese Order of the Striped Tiger on 22 January 1920.^[21] He was also advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1919^[22] and promoted to full admiral on 19 February 1919.^[23]

Post war

When Admiral Sir David Beatty hauled down his flag as commander-in-chief of the Grand Fleet in 1919 and the war organization of the navy was broken up, Madden was appointed to the command of the newly constituted Atlantic Fleet with his flag in the battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth.^[12] He was created a baronet on 29 December 1919^[24] and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order on 23 July 1920.^[25]

The battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth, Madden's flagship as Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet

Madden was appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King on 15 August 1922^[26] and was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 31 July 1924.^[27] He served as chairman of the committee on the functions and training of Royal Marines in 1924,^[28] and took part in a committee under the chairmanship of Lord Chelmsford on the list of executive officers of the navy in 1925.^[29] He was appointed First Sea Lord in July 1927 and, in that role, in order to avoid an arms race, he accepted parity with the United States in the form of 50 cruisers defending his position on the basis that he only actually had 48 cruisers anyway.^[12] He retired in July 1930 and died at 29 Wimpole Street in London on 5 June 1935.^[12]

Family

On 28 June 1905 Madden married Constance Winifred, third and youngest daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer, 1st Baronet, and sister of Countess Jellicoe; and they had two sons (Charles and John) and four daughters (Conn, Joan, Hope and Mary).^[30]

References

Sources

• Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6. 
• Mandeles, Mark David (2007). Military Transformation Past and Present: Historic Lessons for the 21st Century. Praeger Publishers Inc. ISBN 978-0275991906. 

Further reading

• Murfett, Malcolm (1995). The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport. ISBN 0-275-94231-7. 
• The Dreadnought Project: Sir Charles Madden, 1st Baronet

First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy
First Naval Lords (1828–1904)	Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr
First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones