Moab, Utah

Moab, Utah
City

Southbound Main Street (U.S. 191) (2012)

Location in Grand County and the state of Utah.
Coordinates: 38°34′21″N 109°32′59″W / 38.57250°N 109.54972°W / 38.57250; -109.54972Coordinates: 38°34′21″N 109°32′59″W / 38.57250°N 109.54972°W / 38.57250; -109.54972
Country United States of America
State Utah
County Grand
Settled 1878
Incorporated 1902
Named for Moab
Government
 • Type Mayor/city council
 • Mayor David Sakrison
Area
 • Total 3.6 sq mi (9.4 km2)
 • Land 3.6 sq mi (9.4 km2)
 • Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation 4,026 ft (1,227 m)
Population (2013)
 • Total 5,130
 • Density 1,400/sq mi (550/km2)
Time zone Mountain (MST) (UTC-7)
 • Summer (DST) MDT (UTC-6)
ZIP code 84532
Area code(s) 435
FIPS code 49-50700 [1]
GNIS feature ID 1430389 [2]
Website moabcity.state.ut.us

Moab is a city in Grand County, in eastern Utah, in the western United States. The population was 5,046 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and largest city in Grand County.[3] Moab attracts a large number of tourists every year, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including Slickrock Trail, and off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

History

Early years

Native American Petroglyphs southwest of Moab
Potash mine and evaporation ponds (blue) near Moab, 2011. The water is dyed blue to speed evaporation.
Charles Steen's Uranium Reduction Co. Mill, Moab, circa 1960s. Later known as the Atlas Mill, it closed in 1984.

The Biblical name Moab refers to an area of land located on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Some historians believe the city in Utah came to use this name because of William Pierce, the first postmaster, believing that the biblical Moab and this part of Utah were both "the far country".[4][5] However, others believe the name has Paiute origins, referring to the word "moapa" meaning mosquito.[6] Some of the area's early residents attempted to change the city's name because in the Christian Bible, Moabites are demeaned as incestuous and idolatrous. One petition in 1890 had 59 signatures and requested a name change to Vina.[7] Another effort attempted to change the name to Uvadalia.[6] Both attempts failed.

During the period between 1829 and the early 1850s, the area around what is now Moab served as the Colorado River crossing along the Old Spanish Trail. Latter-day Saint settlers attempted to establish a trading fort at the river crossing called "Elk Mountain Mission" in April 1855 to trade with travellers attempting to cross the river. Forty men were called on this mission. There were repeated Indian attacks, including one on September 23, 1855 in which James Hunt, companion to Peter Stubbs, was shot and killed by a Native American.[8][9] After this last attack, the fort was abandoned.[10] A new round of settlers established a permanent settlement in 1878. Moab was incorporated as a town on December 20, 1902.[6]

In 1883 the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad main line was constructed across eastern Utah. The rail line did not pass through Moab, instead passing through the towns of Thompson Springs and Cisco, 40 mi (64 km) to the north.[11] Later, other places to cross the Colorado were constructed, such as Lee's Ferry, Navajo Bridge and Boulder Dam. These changes shifted the trade routes away from Moab. Moab farmers and merchants had to adapt from trading with passing travelers to shipping their goods to distant markets. Soon Moab's origins as one of the few natural crossings of the Colorado River were forgotten. Nevertheless, the U.S. military deemed the bridge over the Colorado River at Moab important enough to place it under guard as late as World War II.

In 1943, a former Civilian Conservation Corps camp outside Moab was used to confine Japanese American internees labeled "troublemakers" by authorities in the War Relocation Authority, the government body responsible for overseeing the wartime incarceration program. The Moab Isolation Center for "noncompliant" Japanese Americans was created in response to growing resistance to WRA policies within the camps; a December 1942 clash between guards and inmates known as the "Manzanar Riot," in which two were killed and ten injured, was the final push.[12] On January 11, 1943, the sixteen men who had initiated the two-day protests were transferred to Moab from the town jails where they were booked (without charges or access to hearings) after the Riot. Having closed just fifteen months prior, all 18 military-style structures of the CCC camp were in good condition, and the site was converted to its new use with minimal renovation.[13] 150 military police guarded the camp, and director Raymond Best and head of security Francis Frederick presided over administration.[12] On February 18, thirteen transfers from Gila River, Arizona were brought to Moab, and six days later, ten more arrived from Manzanar. An additional fifteen Tule Lake inmates were transferred on April 2. Most of these new arrivals were removed from the general camp population because of their resistance to the WRA's attempts to determine the loyalty of incarcerated Japanese Americans, met largely with confusion and anger because of a lack of explanation as to how and why internees would be assessed.[12] The Moab Isolation Center remained open until April 27, when most of its inmates were bused to the larger and more secure Leupp Isolation Center. (Five men, serving sentences in the Grand County Jail after protesting conditions in Moab, were transported to Leupp in a five-by-six-foot box on the back of a truck. Their separate transfer was arranged by Francis Frederick, who had also handed down their prison sentences, using a law he later rescinded to charge them with unlawful assembly.)[12][14] In 1994, the "Dalton Wells CCC Camp/Moab Relocation Center" was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and, although no marker exists on the site, an information plaque at the current site entrance and a photograph on display at the Dan O'Laurie Museum in Moab mention the former isolation center.[12][15]

Later years

County-sponsored sign promoting manufacturing in Moab during the early 1970s
Fisher Towers at sunset

Moab's economy was originally based on agriculture, but gradually shifted to mining. Uranium and vanadium were discovered in the area in the 1910s and 1920s. Potash and manganese came next, and then oil and gas were discovered. In the 1950s Moab became the so-called "Uranium Capital of the World" after geologist Charles Steen found a rich deposit of uranium ore south of the city.[6] This discovery coincided with the advent of the era of nuclear weapons and nuclear power in the United States, and Moab's boom years began.

The city population grew nearly 500% over the next few years, bringing the population to near 6,000 people. The explosion in population caused much construction of houses and schools. Charles Steen donated a great deal of money and land to create new houses and churches in Moab.

With the winding down of the Cold War, Moab's uranium boom was over, and the city's population drastically declined. By the early 1980s a number of homes stood empty and nearly all of the uranium mines had closed.

In 1949, Western movie director John Ford was persuaded to use the area for the movie Wagon Master. Ford had been using the area in Monument Valley around Mexican Hat, Utah, south of Moab, since he filmed Stagecoach there 10 years earlier in 1939. A local Moab rancher (George White) found Ford and persuaded him to come take a look at Moab. There have been numerous movies filmed in the area since then, using Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park as backdrops.

Since the 1970s, tourism has played an increasing role in the local economy. Partly due to the John Ford movies, partly due to magazine articles, the area has become a favorite of photographers, rafters, hikers, rock climbers, and most recently mountain bikers. Moab is also an increasingly popular destination for four-wheelers as well as for BASE jumpers and those rigging highlining, who are allowed to practice their sport in the area. About 16 miles south of Moab is the Hole N' The Rock, a 5,000 square foot 14 room home carved into a rock wall which National Geographic has ranked as one of the top 10 roadside attractions in the United States.[16] Moab's population swells temporarily in the spring and summer months with the arrival of numerous people employed seasonally in the outdoor recreation and tourism industries.

In recent years Moab has experienced a surge of second-home owners. The relatively mild winters and enjoyable summers have attracted many people to build such homes throughout the area. In a situation mirroring that of other resort towns in the American West, controversy has arisen over these new residents and their houses, which in many cases remain unoccupied for most of the year. Many Moab citizens are concerned that the town is seeing changes similar to those experienced in Vail and Aspen in neighboring Colorado: skyrocketing property values, a rising cost of living, and corresponding effects on local low- and middle-income workers.[17][18]

Sunset Magazine's March 2009 issue listed Moab as one of the "20 best small towns in the West,"[19] a distinction corroborated by similar articles in other magazines.[20]

Since 2011 Moab has hosted an LGBT Pride festival.[21][22] The first festival included a march which drew more than 350 people. The second year's festival had over 600 in attendance.[23]

Geography and climate

Geography

White Rim Road

Moab is located just south of the Colorado River, at an elevation of 4,025 feet (1,227 m) on the Colorado Plateau. It is 18 miles (29 km) west of the Utah/Colorado state line.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.6 square miles (9.4 km²), all land.

Climate

Moab has an arid climate characterized by hot summers and chilly winters, with precipitation evenly spread over the year (usually less than one inch per month). There are an average of 41 days with temperatures reaching 100 °F (38 °C), 109 days reaching 90 °F (32 °C), and 3.6 days per winter where the temperature remains at or below freezing. The highest temperature was 114 °F (46 °C) on July 7, 1989. The lowest temperature was −24 °F (−31 °C) on January 22, 1930.

Average annual precipitation in Moab is 9.02 inches (229 mm). There are an average of 55 days annually with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with 16.42 inches (417 mm) and the driest year was 1898 with 4.32 inches (110 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 6.63 inches (168 mm) in July 1918. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 2.77 in (70 mm) on July 23, 1983.

Average seasonal snowfall for 1981–2011 is 6.9 inches (18 cm). The most snow in a season was 74 in (190 cm) during 1914–15, but the snowiest month is December 1915 at 46.0 in (117 cm).[24]

Climate data for Moab, Utah (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 67
(19)		 78
(26)		 88
(31)		 96
(36)		 109
(43)		 113
(45)		 114
(46)		 110
(43)		 108
(42)		 97
(36)		 82
(28)		 67
(19)		 114
(46)
Average high °F (°C) 43.3
(6.3)		 51.2
(10.7)		 63.2
(17.3)		 72.4
(22.4)		 82.9
(28.3)		 93.1
(33.9)		 98.9
(37.2)		 96.0
(35.6)		 87.1
(30.6)		 73.2
(22.9)		 56.0
(13.3)		 44.2
(6.8)		 71.8
(22.1)
Average low °F (°C) 19.8
(−6.8)		 26.1
(−3.3)		 34.5
(1.4)		 41.9
(5.5)		 49.7
(9.8)		 57.8
(14.3)		 64.5
(18.1)		 63.1
(17.3)		 53.1
(11.7)		 40.7
(4.8)		 29.6
(−1.3)		 21.3
(−5.9)		 41.8
(5.4)
Record low °F (°C) −24
(−31)		 −13
(−25)		 8
(−13)		 15
(−9)		 27
(−3)		 36
(2)		 43
(6)		 40
(4)		 28
(−2)		 15
(−9)		 2
(−17)		 −19
(−28)		 −24
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.61
(15.5)		 0.59
(15)		 0.79
(20.1)		 0.83
(21.1)		 0.73
(18.5)		 0.43
(10.9)		 0.99
(25.1)		 0.97
(24.6)		 0.87
(22.1)		 1.17
(29.7)		 0.74
(18.8)		 0.69
(17.5)		 9.41
(238.9)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.1
(5.3)		 1.0
(2.5)		 .4
(1)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 .1
(0.3)		 .6
(1.5)		 2.8
(7.1)		 6.9
(17.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.0 5.6 6.0 5.8 4.8 2.9 4.8 6.4 5.7 5.6 4.7 5.1 62.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.2 .7 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 1.5 3.9
Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[25]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1890333—
190037612.9%
191058655.9%
192085646.1%
19308630.8%
19401,08425.6%
19501,27417.5%
19604,682267.5%
19704,7932.4%
19805,33311.3%
19903,971−25.5%
20004,77920.3%
20105,0465.6%
Est. 20155,235[26]3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 4,779 people, 1,936 households, and 1,169 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,313.1 people per square mile (506.9/km²). There were 2,148 housing units at an average density of 590.2 per square mile (227.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.35% White, 5.46% Native American, 0.36% African American, 0.29% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.88% from other races, and 1.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.44% of the population.

There were 1,936 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,620, and the median income for a family was $38,214. Males had a median income of $35,291 versus $21,339 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,228. About 12.0% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Recreation

Delicate Arch in Arches National Park near Moab

Moab is known for its opportunities for outdoor recreation in stunning natural settings; activities included the following:[28]

Off road trails

Walls of Labyrinth Canyon and river from White Rim road

Moab is famous for canyoneering, hiking, river rafting, biking, motorcycling, ATV riding, and 4x4 driving. The Moab area is home to many easy to difficult off-road trails for novice to experienced off-roaders. Every year the Moab Munifest, one of the biggest Mountain unicycling events in the world, takes place at Moab.

Education

The following public schools serve Moab area students:

Moab is home to a branch campus of Utah State University.

Transportation

Prior to the construction of the railroad in 1883, Moab was a strategic place to cross the Colorado River. A toll ferry service across the river ended when a permanent bridge was built in 1911.[30] This bridge was replaced with a new bridge in 1955, which was in turn replaced by another new bridge in 2010. The 1955 bridge was subsequently demolished. The highway that uses this bridge has been renumbered multiple times and is now numbered U.S. Route 191.

Moab gained freight railroad access in 1962, when a spur railroad line (now the Union Pacific Railroad's Cane Creek Subdivision) was built to service the Cane Creek potash mine. Moab has never had passenger rail service, although the California Zephyr has advertised service to Moab in the past via stops at Thompson Springs (no longer a scheduled stop), Green River or Grand Junction, Colorado.

There is daily bus service between Moab and Salt Lake City.[31]

Air service is available at Canyonlands Field, with daily nonstop flights to Salt Lake City International Airport.

Moab has been used as a shooting location for film and television.

Films

In the 1995 film Canadian Bacon, Moab is one of the launch locations for American missiles on the Hacker Hellstorm. The course for the pod races in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) is a computer-generated imagery montage of Moab area landmarks, including Angel Arch. The 2010 film 127 Hours, based on the true story of Aron Ralston, was shot in the vicinity of Moab.

Television

Moab has also been in several TV shows, such as

Music

Conor Oberst's self-titled album includes a song entitled "Moab".

Literature

Moab was the setting and inspiration for Steven L. Peck's award-winning novel The Scholar of Moab.[32]

Moab from the northern canyon walls
Moab from the northern canyon walls

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ↑ Daughters of the Utah Pioneers (1972). "Moab". Grand Memories (2nd ed.). Grand County, Utah: Daughters of the Utah Pioneers. p. 16. OCLC 4790603.
  5. ↑ Tanner, Faun McConkie (1976). The Far Country: A Regional History of Moab and La Sal, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah: Olympus Publishing Company. p. 89. ISBN 0-913420-63-8.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Moab — History". City of Moab.
  7. ↑ Daughters of the Utah Pioneers (1972). "Government". Grand Memories (2nd ed.). Grand County, Utah: Daughters of the Utah Pioneers. p. 50. OCLC 4790603.
  8. ↑ Stubbs, Peter (1890). Autobiography of Peter Stubbs.
  9. ↑ http://stubbstervorthistory.50megs.com/Peter_Stubbs_1824.htm
  10. ↑ http://www.moabcity.org/visitors/history.cfm
  11. ↑ Carr, Stephen L.; Edwards, Robert W. (1989). "Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway". Utah Ghost Rails. Salt Lake City, Utah: Western Epics. pp. 188–194. ISBN 0-914740-34-2.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Hansen, Arthur A. "Moab/Leupp Isolation Centers" Densho Encyclopedia (accessed 18 Jun 2014).
  13. ↑ Burton, Jeffery. Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites (National Park Service, 2011) p325.
  14. ↑ Redsteer, Debra. "Leupp, Arizona: A Shared Historic Space for the Navajo Nation and Japanese Americans" Discover Nikkei, 28 Jun 2008 (accessed 18 Jun 2014).
  15. ↑ Burton, Jeffery. Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites (National Park Service, 2011) p. 330.
  16. ↑ "Top 10 U.S. Roadside Attractions". National Geographic Society.
  17. ↑ Stiles, Jim. Brave New West: Morphing Moab at the Speed of Greed. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 2007
  18. ↑ "Luxury looms over Moab" High Country News, March 26, 2001
  19. ↑ "20 best small towns in the West". Sunset. March 2009.
  20. ↑ "Explore the finer side of Moab". Sunset. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Moab Pride". Moab Pride. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  22. ↑ "Moab gets First Gay Pride Festival". Salt Lake Tribune. 25 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  23. ↑ "Moab Pride Festival Expected to Draw More than 600 Participants". The Times Independent. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  24. ↑ "MOAB, UTAH — Climate Summary". Wrcc.dri.edu. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
  25. ↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
  26. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  28. ↑ http://www.discovermoab.com/
  29. ↑ http://www.skinnytireevents.com/
  30. ↑ "Southeastern Utah Rejoices Over Bridge". Grand Valley Times. Utah Digital Newspaper Archive. 1912-04-12. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  31. ↑ "Routes & Schedules". Elevated Transit. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  32. ↑ http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-scholar-of-moab-steven-l-peck/1107250506
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