Nicholas Carew (died 1311)

Arms of Carew: Or, three lions passant in pale sable[1] These were the arms shown on the seal of Nic(olae)us de Carru (c.1255–1311), appended to the Barons' Letter, 1301 and blazoned in the 1301 Caerlaverock Roll of Arms
Seal of Nicholas Carew (d.1311) affixed to the Barons' Letter of 1301 showing: Three lions passant in pale with inscription: S(IGILLUM) NICHOLAI DE CARREW ("seal of Nicholas de Carew")

Nicholas Carew (died 1311), feudal lord of Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire, feudal lord of Odrone[2] (mod. Idrone, County Carlow)[3] in Ireland and lord of the manor of Moulsford in Berkshire (since 1974 in Oxfordshire), was a soldier. He was the first of the Carew family to form a connection with the English county of Devon,[4] where his descendants became very prominent until modern times. His descendants obtained three Carew baronetcies and four peerage titles, namely Baron Carew (1605) in the Peerage of England (for Sir Sir George Carew (1555-1629), created in 1626 Earl of Totnes) and Baron Carew (1834) in the Peerage of Ireland and Baron Carew (1838) of Castle Boro in the County of Wexford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (both for Robert Shapland Carew (1787-1856)).

Origins

He was the eldest son and heir of Nicholas de Carew (d.1297), feudal lord of Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire, lord of the manor of Molesford in Berkshire and jure uxoris feudal lord of Odrone, by his wife Avice Tuitt, daughter and heiress of Richard Tuitt of Marston in County Westmeath, Ireland, whose family had acquired the Barony of Odrone by an earlier marriage to the heiress of Odrone.[5]

Career

As Nic(olae)us de Carru, D(omi)n(u)s de Mulesford ("Nicholas de Carew, lord of the manor of Moulsford") he was one of 103 signatories of the Barons' Letter of 1301 addressed to Pope Boniface VIII as a repudiation of his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland and as a defence of the rights of King King Edward I of England as overlord of that kingdom.

"Baron Carew"

In 1300–1 he was summoned to Parliament by writ of King Edward I (1272-1307) as Dominus de Moulsford ("lord of the manor of Moulsford") by which he is deemed to have become Baron Carew.[6] He is called "Baron Carew" in various sources,[7] but a peerage title Baron Carew at this early date is not mentioned in the authoritative Complete Peerage (1887–98) by George Edward Cokayne. Pole however states that he was summoned to Parliament by writ of King Edward I (1272-1307), which would have made him a baron.[8] If so, there is no clear descent of such barony, and no explanation of why it had no clear ending.[9] According to Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 1968: "For several generations the heads of the family are described as Barons of Carew and Hidron, but none of them sat in Parliament with the exception of Nicholas de Carew who subscribed to the celebrated Barons' letter to the Pope in 1300".[10]

Caerlaverock Roll

He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1301, during which his armorials were amongst those blazoned in French verse by English heralds in the Caerlaverock Roll of Arms, as follows:[11]

An vaillant home e de grant los
O lui, Nichole de Karru,
Dont meinte foiz orent paru
Li fait en couvert e en lande
Sur la felloune gent d'Irlande;
Baniere ot jaune bien passable,
O treis lyouns passans de sable.

("A valliant man ... Nicholas de Carew, who many times appeared ... a banner of gold ... three lions passant of sable")

Marriage & progeny

Arms of Peverell of Ermington: Or, an eagle displayed azure[12]

He married Amicia (or Amy) Peverell,[13] daughter of Hugh Peverell lord of the manor of Ermington in Devon, and heiress of her brother Sir John Peverell of Ermington,[14] the last in the male line. By Amicia he had progeny including:

Landholdings

Through his wife he inherited several manors including:

Further reading

Sources

References

  1. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, Carew Baronets, p.155; Baron Carew p.216
  2. Vivian, 1895, p.134
  3. In the 16th century the Irish territorial barony of Odrone represented about 6,360 acres, when held by Sir Peter Carew (c.1514-1575) of Mohuns Ottery in Devon (Hooker, John, The Life and Times of Sir Peter Carew: Kt., (from the Original Manuscript), p. 254, footnote ); the location of Odrone is unclear, but see National Library of Ireland document "Pos1707", described as: "[Lambeth Palace Library Ms 635 (extracts)] The meares and bounds of the Barony of Odrone. Names of the towns, inhabitants etc. of Odrone. Map of the Barony of Odrone; extensive list of place names; inhabitants listed and map of the barony".. It was the residence of the Irish King Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach (Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh). A letter from Anthony St Leger to King Henry VIII states: "And upon th'arryvall of Your Graces Deputie, he, with your Chaunceler, th'Erle of Ormonde your Thesaurer, Chieffe Justice, and capytaynes, dyrected a jornay a jornay into Odrone, where McMorgho and his kynsmen, called the Kevenaghes, doo inhabyte, who had commytted, in the commotion tyme, infynyte hurtes to Your Graces subjectes. In revenging whereof Your Graces Deputie remayned 10 dayes in that contrey, commyttyng burnynges, spoyles, and other hurtes, where we had fynally a communycacion with the saide McMorgho and Kevenaghes. And after many haynous offences by us alleadged to the sayde Kevenaghes, they conformed them to certen orders and directions, as appeareth by wryting, the copy whereof ys inclosed in Your Graces Deputies letters now addressed to Your Highnes, as he hathe informed us, of all the procedinges used therein."(State Papers: Henry VIII, Vol.111, Part III, pp.239-243 Correspondence between the governments of England and ...); See Prendergast, John Patrick (1808–1893), The Plantation of Idrone by Sir Peter Carew, Journal of the Kilkenny Archæological Society
  4. Pole, p.333
  5. Vivian, 1895, p.133-4, incl. footnotes
  6. Victoria County History: A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3, Page, William & Ditchfield, P.H. (eds.), 1923, pp.504-7, note 44, quoting: Parliamentary Writs (Record Commission), Vol.I, p.104
  7. Vivian, 1895, pp.133-4, calls him "Lord Carew", his father "Baron of Carew" and his grandfather "Baron of Carew and Moulesford"
  8. Pole, p.129
  9. The original text of the Heraldic Visitations of Devon, as declared by the Carew family (thus in italics), names his descendant "Sir Edward Carew, Baron of Carew of Mohun Autrie" (d.1513), yet drops such title in naming his eldest son "Sir William Carew of Mohuns Autrie", none of whose own sons are named or generally recognised as barons or peers(Vivian, 1895, p.135)
  10. Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 1968, p.155, re Carew baronets of Haccombe
  11. s:The Roll of Caerlaverock/The Roll
  12. Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, pp.317,496; Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.185
  13. Pole, pp.513,
  14. Vivian, p.134
  15. Risdon, p.38
  16. Pole, p.333
  17. Pole, p.128
  18. Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.114
  19. Pole, p.128
  20. Pole, p.333
  21. Vivian, p.134
  22. Vivian, p.134
  23. Vivian, p.134
  24. Vivian, p.134
  25. Lysons, Daniel, The Environs of London, Volume 1, County of Surrey, London, 1792, pp.49-67, Beddington
  26. Vivian, p.134 "Huscort,"
  27. Pole, p.333; Vivian, p.134
  28. Pole, p.259
  29. Pole, p.334
  30. Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.185
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