Ningbo dialect
| Ningbo dialect | |
|---|---|
| Yong-Jiang | |
| 寧波閒話 | |
| Pronunciation | ȵʲɪ̀ŋ.pɜ́ʊ.ɛ́.ó~ȵʲɪ̀ŋ.póʔ.ɛ́.ó |
| Native to | People's Republic of China |
| Region | Ningbo & Zhoushan, Zhejiang province |
| Ethnicity | Ningbo people (Han Chinese) |
Native speakers | 5-6 million (date missing) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog |
yong1273[1] |
The Ningbo dialect or Ningbonese (Chinese: 宁波话/寧波話,宁波闲话/寧波閒話) is a dialect of Wu, one of the subdivisions of Chinese varieties. It is spoken in the city of Ningbo and Zhoushan and surrounding areas in Zhejiang province.
Area
The Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout Ningbo and Zhoushan prefectures.
Intelligibility
Its native speakers generally understand Shanghainese, but not vice versa. It is not at all mutually intelligible with Mandarin, China's official language. Ningbo dialect is considered a Yongjiang dialect or Mingzhou dialect (as both terms are synonymous), and is closely related to the Taihu Wu dialects of Zhoushan. In terms of inter-intelligibility between dialects within the Yong-Jiang subgroup, they can be more accurately described as 'accents' (腔) as these dialects are relatively uniform and almost identical to each other aside from pronunciation differences and some minor lexical differences.
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Alveolo-Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | tenuis | ts | tɕ | |||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | ||||
| voiced | dz | dʑ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɕ | h | |
| voiced | v | z | ʑ | f | ||
| Lateral | l | |||||
Finals
| Open | Nasal coda | Glottal stop coda | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medial | ∅ | j | w | ∅ | j | w | ∅ | j | w | |
| Nucleus | u | u | ||||||||
| ə | əŋ | |||||||||
| o | o | jo | oŋ | joŋ | ||||||
| ɔ | ɔ | ɔ̃ | jɔ̃ | wɔ̃ | ɔʔ | |||||
| ɔy | ɔy | |||||||||
| au | au | |||||||||
| a | a | ja | wa | ã | jã | wã | aʔ | waʔ | ||
| ai | ai | wai | ||||||||
| ɛ | ɛ | wɛ | ||||||||
| e | e | jeʔ | ||||||||
| ø | ø | jøʔ | ||||||||
| i | i | iŋ | ||||||||
| ʏ | ʏ | |||||||||
| y | y | |||||||||
- Syllabic continuants: [z̩] [z̩ʷ] [m̩] [n̩] [ŋ̩] [l̩]
Tones
Tone classification Tone symbol Tone number T1(陰平) ˥˧ 53 T2(陽平) ˨˦ 24 T3(陰上) ˧˥ 35 T5(陰去) ˦˦ 44 T46(陽上去) ˨˩˧ 213 T7(陰入) ʔ˥ 5 T8(陽入) ʔ˩˨ 12
Examples
唱月亮
- 月亮菩薩彎彎上，彎到小姑進后堂。
- 后堂空，拜相公，
- 相公念經，打一天井，
- 天井隔笆，打一稻花，
- 稻花耘田，打一團箕。
火瑩頭
- 火瑩頭，夜夜紅，
- 阿公挑擔賣碗蔥，
- 新婦織麻糊燈籠，
- 阿婆箝牌捉牙虫，
- 兒子看鴨撩屙虫。
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Yong-Jiang". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hu, Fang (2005). A phonetic study of the vowels in Ningbo Chinese (Thesis). City University of Hong Kong. Note that /j/ becomes [ɥ] before rounded vowels and that certain finals, such as [ɔy], [ɔʔ] and [jøʔ] are transcribed differently here as the pronunciations in the thesis are different from the transcriptions.
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