Papal election, 1118

Papal election January 1118
Coat of arms during the vacancy of the Holy See
Dates and location
24 January 1118 Palatine Hill, Rome
Key officials
Dean	Crescenzio
Protopriest	Boniface
Protodeacon	Giovanni Coniulo
Elected Pope
Giovanni Coniulo (Name taken: Gelasius II)

The Papal election of 1118 saw the election of Pope Gelasius II as the successor of Pope Paschal II, who died January 21, 1118 in Rome after an 18-year pontificate.

List of Cardinal-electors

The Papal bull In nomine Domini issued by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, stated that on the death of the incumbent pope, the cardinal-bishops should confer among themselves as to a candidate; when a candidate has been deduced the cardinal-bishops and all other cardinals are to proceed to an election.^[1]

Data on the number and composition of the College of Cardinals in January 1118, are very uncertain. The primary source was written over a dozen years later by Pandulf of Pisa, cardinal-priest of Santi Cosma e Damiano.^[2] It claimed that the election was attended by 49 cardinals (four bishops, 27 priests and 18 deacons), however, mentions the names of only 35 of them (four bishops, 20 priests and 11 deacons, including the elect).^[3]According to Pandulf, one cardinal-priest, Hugh of Santi Apostoli, was absent, to which must be added two other cardinals bishops, which Pandulf in the context of the election, although does not mention, but whose existence and dignity are documented in no uncertain terms. The credibility of the relationship Pandulf, including a list of electors, is challenged by modern historians; indicates on its polemical nature of the atmosphere resulting from the schism Antipope Anacletus II (1130-1138)^[4] Critical analysis of the sources revealed that:^[5]

• In January 1118 the Cardinals priests and deacons, cardinals was less than clear from the relationship Pandulf ^[6]
• Several cardinals mentioned by Pandulf were elevated by later popes ^[7]

In January 1118, the College of Cardinals had a population of probably only 41 members, including six bishops, 20 priests and 15 deacons, of which 36 (4, 18 and 14) participated in the election:

Two subdeacons were in attendance, Nicholas, Provost of the Choir School and Amico O.S.B. (Cluny), Abbot of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls^[9]

Absent

It is presumed that two cardinal-priests, two cardinal-bishops and a cardinal-deacon were absent:

• Giovanni Marsicano, O.S.B. (1100) - Cardinal-bishop of Tusculum^[10]
• Kuno von Urach (1107) - Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina; papal legate in France^[10]
• Boso (1109) - Cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia; papal legate in Spain^[10]
• Ugone d'Alatri (1116) - Cardinal-priest of Santi Dodici Apostoli; Governor Monte Circeo^[10]
• Giovanni, O.S.B. (1073) - Cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica; Abbot of Subiaco^[11]

Giovanni Subiaco was a nominee Gregory VII, the others — Paschal II.

The choice of Gelasius II

Paschal II throughout his papacy fought the investiture controversy of Emperor Henry V who supported the Roman aristocracy. After his death, the Cardinals took refuge in a Benedictine monastery on the Palatine Hill fearing supporters of the emperor. On January 24, three days after the customary prayers and devotions, the electors unanimously chose Giovanni Cardinal Coniulo from Gaeta, cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin and Chancellor of the Holy See, on election he adopted the papal name Gelasius II.

Shortly after his election the pope was arrested by the Roman baron Cenzio II Frangipani, a supporter of the emperor. Despite being freed by a popular uprising in March, the pope fled from Rome to France, where he remained until his death at the beginning of the following year. During this time, the emperor appointed Archbishop Maurice Burdinusa Braga, who took the name Gregory VIII, as antipope.

References

Bibliography

• H. W. Klewitz, Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg, Darmstadt 1957
• CG Furst, Kennen Wir die Wahlern Gelsius' II?, In: Festschrift Karl Pivec. Zum 60 Geburtstag von gewidmet Kollegen, edited by Anton Haidacher, Hans Eberhard Mayer, ed. Sprachwissenschaftliches Institut der Leopold-Franzens-Universität, 1966, pp. 69–80
• I. S. Robinson, The Papacy 1073-1198. Continuity and Innovations, Cambridge University Press 1990
• R. Huls, Kardinal, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130, Tübingen 1977

External links

• ~ Mirandas / conclave-xii.htm # 1118 List of Participants election in 1118 by Alfonso Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et SRE Cardinalium from 1677
• Gelasius II - Vita Operaque
• Catholic Encyclopedia

Papal elections
Pope Papal selection before 1059 Papal conclave (since 1274)
11th century	1061 1073 1086 1088 1099
12th century	1118 1119 1124 1130 1143 1144 1145 1153 1154 1159 1181 1185 Oct. 1187 Dec. 1187 1191 1198
13th century	1216 1227 1241 1243 1254 1261 1264–65 1268–71 Jan. 1276 July 1276 Sept. 1276 1277 1280–81 1285 1287–88 1292–94 1294
14th century	1303 1304–05 1314–16 1334 1342 1352 1362 1370 1378 1389
15th century	1404 1406 1417 1431 1447 1455 1458 1464 1471 1484 1492
16th century	Sept. 1503 Oct. 1503 1513 1521–22 1523 1534 1549–50 April 1555 May 1555 1559 1565–66 1572 1585 Sept. 1590 Oct.–Dec. 1590 1591 1592
17th century	March 1605 May 1605 1621 1623 1644 1655 1667 1669–70 1676 1689 1691 1700
18th century	1721 1724 1730 1740 1758 1769 1774–75 1799–1800
19th century	1823 1829 1830–31 1846 1878
20th century	1903 1914 1922 1939 1958 1963 Aug. 1978 Oct. 1978
21st century	2005 2013
Pope portal Catholicism portal