Peruvian prison massacres

Internal conflict in Peru

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The Peruvian prison massacres occurred on June 18–19, 1986, after a series of riots in the San Pedro, Santa Mónica, and El Frontón prisons in Lima and Callao. The military repression of these riots resulted in the loss of at least 224 lives.^[1]^[2]

Antecedents

Shining Path poster of the prison at El Frontón

During the internal conflict in Peru, the bloody campaign by the Peruvian Maoist group Shining Path was responsible for the deaths of thousands of inhabitants of the rural regions of Peru. The Military of Peru, which had been dispatched to put down the insurgency, was also responsible for the deaths of thousands of Peruvians, as it treated campesinos as potential terrorists or terrorist sympathizers.

At the beginning of his 1985–1990 term, President Alan García demonstrated an interest in changing the counter-subversive strategy of his predecessor, Fernando Belaúnde Terry, with the purpose of reducing human rights violations against the civilian population, by calling on the civil society to propose solutions to the problem of political violence in Peru. Nevertheless, his government authorized a swift and violent takeover of the prisons to regain control, placing Peru's human rights violations back into the national and international spotlight.

Riots

June 18, 1986 6:00 AM Lima - Peru, prisoners rioted within multiple prison facilities in Lima and Callao. The riots took place while a congress of the Socialist International, of which Alan García's APRA political party was a member, was being conducted in Lima. The prisoners in San Juan de Lurigancho, El Frontón, and the women's prison in Santa Mónica, who had tacit control of the prison interiors, rose up and took prison guards and three journalists as hostages. They demanded the immediate release of 500 people imprisoned for terrorism. García and his government were caught off-guard by the uprising. At 10:00 AM an emergency cabinet session began with the participation of García and military commanders. Three hours later, the Minister of the Interior, Abel Salinas, announced that if the prisoners did not surrender, the prisons would be retaken by force. That day, the Shining Path launched a wave of attacks in Lima that left several dead.

Negotiations

The government of Peru sent a negotiating commission formed by Caesar Samamé, Augusto Rodriguez Rabanal and Fernando Cabieses, arriving at El Frontón Prison at 4:30 PM. However, negotiations did not bring about results.

Assault

6:00 PM, as the negotiations failed, the order to assault the prisons was given. The first attack began in the women's prison at Santa Mónica, where the Republican Guard, which at the time was responsible for protecting Peru's borders and prisons, regained control relatively quickly. They demolished a wall and sent tear and paralyzing gases into the prison. In two hours the hostages were released, and two people had died.

At midnight, June 19, the assault on the prison on the island of El Frontón commenced. The assault was carried out under the command of the Peruvian Navy. The director of the prison, a judge, and the public prosecutor had protested against the Navy's intervention, and declared that they were no longer responsible for what occurred inside the prison as a result of the assault. Meanwhile, from the island of El Frontón the vice-minister of the Interior, Agustín Mantilla, announced that the island was under the control of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces as it had been declared a restricted military zone.

Later, the Navy, with Naval Infantry support, attacked the "Blue Ward" of El Frontón, which was where Shining Path terrorist members were imprisoned. During the assault three members of the Peruvian Armed Forces, one of the hostages, and 135 prisoners were killed. Simultaneously, Republican Guard SWAT team arrived at Lurigancho prison, and placed explosives around the outer wall of the Industrial Pavilion Part prison where the Shining Path terrorist held hostages. A joint offensive by troops of the Republican Guard and the Peruvian Army followed. At 3:00 am, after heavy fighting with guns and grenades, the terrorists surrendered. Hours later, numerous prisoners that occupied the building lay dead: most had been executed, one by one, by a shot to the nape of the neck.

According to a cable from the United States Department of State, "at least 100 prisoners were summarily executed."^[3] The Peruvian government itself concluded that all 124 rebellious prisoners in Lurigancho prison died in the assault, and that no fewer than 90 were victims of extrajudicial executions.^[1]^[2]

The national and international scandal that resulted from this multiple crime was enormous. During President García's delayed visit to the scene of the events, he declared that there were two possibilities: "either they [the authors of the massacre] go or I go." Nevertheless, nothing was ever done to punish the guilty. Luis Giampietri, the naval officer in command of the operation, later became Alan García's vice president

References

1 2 "World Prison Massacres". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on February 6, 2008.
1 2 Weschler, Joanna (1993). The Human Rights Watch global report on prisons. Human Rights Watch. p. 93. ISBN 1-56432-101-0.
↑ "Garcia and the Military: Plea for International Support" (1986 State 205132). Hosted by the National Security Archive. June 28, 1986. Retrieved January 31, 2007.

External links

Las ejecuciones extrajudiciales en el penal de El Frontón y Lurigancho (1986) (Spanish) - Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Peru in "The Eye of the Storm" - The National Security Archive. Declassified U.S. Documentation on Human Rights Abuses and Political Violence. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 64. Edited by Tamara Feinstein, Director, Peru Documentation Project. January 22, 2002.

Prison riots and uprisings

Before 2000	1804 Castle Hill convict rebellion 1943 Featherston prisoner of war camp riot 1943 Sobibór extermination camp uprising 1943 Janowska concentration camp riot 1944 Cowra breakout 1946 Battle of Alcatraz 1953 Norilsk uprising 1953 Vorkuta uprising 1954 Kengir uprising 1959 Montana State Prison riot 1971 Kingston Penitentiary riot 1971 Attica Prison riot 1974 Huntsville Prison siege 1976 HM Prison Hull riot 1980 New Mexico State Penitentiary riot 1985 Badaber Uprising 1985 Oklahoma State Penitentiary riot 1986 West Virginia State Penitentiary riot 1986 Peruvian prison massacres 1987 Atlanta prison riots 1988 Fremantle Prison riot 1989 SCI Camp Hill Pennsylvania riots 1989 Polish prison riots 1990 Strangeways Prison riot 1990 Southport Correctional Facility riot 1991 Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega riot 1992 Carandiru massacre 1993 Southern Ohio Correctional Facility riot 1997 Khujand prison riot

From 2000	2000 F-type Prisons strike and riots 2001 Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 2003 Eagle Mountain riot 2004 Arizona State Prison Complex – Lewis riot 2006 North County Correctional Facility riot 2007 New Castle Correctional Facility riot 2008 La Mesa Prison riot 2009 Mexico prison riot 2011 HM Prison Ford riot 2012 Altamira prison brawl 2012 Apodaca prison riot 2012 Caracas prison riot 2012 Welikada prison riot 2013 Uribana prison riot 2013 Palmasola prison riot 2015 Kaohsiung Prison riot 2016 Topo Chico prison riot 2016 Agricultural Penitentiary of Monte Cristo riot

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