Philippine presidential election, 1998

Philippine presidential election, 1998
Philippines
May 11, 1998
Turnout 86.5% Increase 11.0%
 
Nominee Joseph Estrada Jose de Venecia Raul Roco
Party PMP Lakas Aksyon
Running mate Edgardo Angara Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Irene Santiago
Popular vote 10,722,295 4,268,483 3,720,212
Percentage 39.86% 15.87% 13.38%

Presidential election results per province.
President before election

Fidel Ramos
Lakas

 Elected President

Joseph Estrada
LAMMP

Philippines
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the Philippines

Presidential elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. In the presidential election, Vice President Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as President by a landslide victory. In the vice-presidential race, Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo won a six-year term as Vice President also by a landslide victory. This was the third election where both president and vice president came from different parties.

Results

The 10th Congress canvassed the votes in joint session for a number of days before declaring Estrada and Arroyo as the winners; with Senate President Neptali Gonzales and Speaker De Venecia announcing the victors.

While the official canvassing did not start a fortnight after Election Day, the National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) held a parallel and unofficial quick count which was released days after the election and was updated at irregular intervals. NAMFREL based their tally from the seventh copy of the election returns given to them.

In theory, the totals for the official canvassing (derived from the certificates of canvass, which are then derived from the election returns) and the completed NAMFREL quick count should be equal.

For president

Estrada carried majority of the provinces especially his hometown, San Juan City and Metro Manila.

De Venecia carried his home province of Pangasinan, as well as Baguio City, Roco carried his home province of Camarines Sur and the rest of the Bicol Region (excluding Masbate), and Osmeña got his foothold over his home province of Cebu and other provinces in the South.

Other candidates also carried their home provinces such as de Villa of Batangas, Enrile of Cagayan and Iloilo City, and Defensor-Santiago of Iloilo Province, as well as Tawi-Tawi and Bacolod City. Lim was the only major candidate who did not carry any provinces (except Batanes) and failed to capture his hometown of Manila.

 Summary of the May 11, 1998 Philippine presidential election results
Candidates Parties Votes %
Joseph Estrada Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) 10,722,295 39.86%
Jose de Venecia Lakas–NUCD–UMDP (People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats–Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines) 4,268,483 15.87%
Raul Roco Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action) 3,720,212 13.83%
Emilio Osmeña Probinsya Muna Development Initiative (Provinces First Development Initiative) 3,347,631 12.44%
Alfredo Lim Liberal Party 2,344,362 8.71%
Renato de Villa Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma–Lapiang Manggagawa (Party for Democratic Reforms–Workers' Party) 1,308,352 4.86%
Miriam Defensor Santiago People's Reform Party 797,206 2.96%
Juan Ponce Enrile Independent 343,139 1.28%
Santiago Dumlao Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago (Movement for National Change) 32,212 0.12%
Manuel Morato Partido Bansang Marangal (Party of Noble Nation) 18,644 0.07%
Total 26,902,536 100%
Valid votes 26,902,536 91.9%
Invalid votes 2,383,239 8.1%
Votes cast 29,285,775 86.5%
Registered voters 33,873,665
Popular vote
Estrada
  
 39.86%
de Venecia
  
 15.87%
Roco
  
 13.83%
Osmeña
  
 12.44%
Others
  
 18.00%

NAMFREL quick count

Take note that Manuel Morato had a higher amount of votes in the NAMFREL quick count than the official Congressional canvass.

NAMFREL quick count result (79.25% of precincts)[1]
Candidate Party Results
Votes % Diff*
Joseph Estrada LAMMP 8,239,823 39.47% −0.39%
Jose de Venecia Lakas 3,247,067 15.55% −0.32%
Raul Roco Aksyon 2,923,842 14.00% 0.17%
Emilio Osmeña PROMDI 2,454,432 11.76% −0.68%
Alfredo Lim Liberal 1,815,664 8.70% −0.01%
Renato de Villa Reporma-LM 1,028,854 4.93% 0.07%
Miriam Defensor Santiago PRP 584,633 2.80% −0.16%
Juan Ponce Enrile Independent 297,801 1.43% 0.15%
Imelda Marcos (withdrew) KBL 232,714 1.11% N/A
Santiago Dumlao Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago 29,327 0.14% 0.02%
Manuel Morato Partido Bansang Marangal 23,208 0.07% 0.04%
Votes 20,877,365 100.00% —

*Difference from the NAMFREL quick count from the official Congressional canvass.

Voter demographics

1998 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Estrada de Venecia Roco Osmeña Other % of
total vote
Total vote 39 16 13 12 20 100
Region
NCR 33 11 28 4 24 9
CAR 47 24 12 0 17 5
Region I - Ilocos 33 61 2 0 4 6
Region II - Cagayan 44 13 4 1 38 5
Region III - Central Luzon 50 15 17 1 17 7
Region IV - Southern Tagalog 45 10 12 1 32 12
Region V - Bicol 14 8 75 0 3 5
Region VI - Western Visayas 40 12 3 9 36 9
Region VII - Central Visayas 20 12 5 52 11 7
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas 48 18 1 23 10 4
Region IX - Western Mindanao 39 19 4 20 18 6
Region X - Northern Mindanao 33 20 3 31 13 5
Region XI - Southern Mindanao 44 12 3 30 11 8
Region XII - Central Mindanao 52 18 3 15 12 6
ARMM 63 25 1 2 9 6

Source: Exit polls conducted by Social Weather Stations on May 12, 100% total (margin of error: 1.3%)[2]

For vice-president

Provincial and city breakdown of the vice presidential election.

Arroyo also carried most of the provinces including her home province of Pampanga. Other candidates also carried their home provinces such as Angara of Aurora, Tatad of Catanduanes and Sueno of South Cotabato.

Only Orbos of Pangasinan and Osmeña of Cebu failed to capture the votes of their home provinces.

 Summary of the May 11, 1998 Philippine vice presidential election results
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Lakas 12,667,252 49.56%
Edgardo Angara LDP 5,652,068 22.11%
Oscar Orbos Reporma-LM 3,321,779 13.00%
Sergio Osmeña III Liberal 2,351,462 9.20%
Francisco Tatad PRP/Gabay Bayan 745,389 2.92%
Ismael Sueno PROMDI 537,677 2.10%
Irene Santiago Aksyon 240,210 0.94%
Camilo Sabio Partido Bansang Marangal 22,010 0.09%
Reynaldo Pacheco Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago 21,422 0.08%
Valid votes 25,539,269 87.3%
Invalid votes 3,726,506 12.7%
Votes cast 29,285,775 86.5%
Registered voters 33,873,665 100.00%

NAMFREL quick count

Take note that Reynaldo Pacheco had a higher amount of votes in the NAMFREL quick count than the official Congressional canvass.

NAMFREL quick count result (79.25% of precincts)[1]
Candidate Party Results
Votes % Diff*
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Lakas 9,624,397 48.85% −0.71%
Edgardo Angara LDP 4,380,991 22.24% 0.13
Oscar Orbos Reporma-LM 2,651,184 13.46% 0.46
Sergio Osmeña III Liberal 1,183,998 9.21% 0.01
Francisco Tatad PRP/Gabay Bayan 582,548 2.96% 0.05
Ismael Sueno PROMDI 409,966 2.08% −0.02
Irene Santiago Aksyon 196,386 1.00% 0.07
Reynaldo Pacheco Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago 23,107 0.12% 0.04
Camilo Sabio Partido Bansang Marangal 19,555 0.10% 0.01
Votes 19,702,132 100.00% —

*Difference from the NAMFREL quick count from the official Congressional canvass.

Voter demographics

1998 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Arroyo Angara Orbos Osmeña Other % of
total vote
Total vote 50 21 12 10 7 100
Region
NCR 32 21 33 12 2 9
CAR 60 19 17 3 1 5
Region I - Ilocos 53 15 30 1 1 6
Region II - Cagayan 62 26 10 2 0 5
Region III - Central Luzon 66 16 11 6 1 7
Region IV - Southern Tagalog 45 29 17 7 2 12
Region V - Bicol 48 14 4 5 29 5
Region VI - Western Visayas 46 28 4 15 7 9
Region VII - Central Visayas 45 17 2 25 11 7
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas 67 18 1 13 1 4
Region IX - Western Mindanao 59 18 5 15 3 6
Region X - Northern Mindanao 58 21 3 16 2 5
Region XI - Southern Mindanao 50 20 5 13 12 8
Region XII - Central Mindanao 56 21 3 9 11 6
ARMM 58 30 6 4 2 6

Source: Exit polls conducted by Social Weather Stations on May 12, 100% total (margin of error: 1.4%)[3]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Report on the Philippine General Elections 1998" (PDF). NAMFREL.com.ph. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  2. ↑ "COMPARING SWS EXIT POLL RESULTS WITH NAMFREL COUNT BY REGION". Retrieved 15 May 2013. line feed character in |title= at position 33 (help)
  3. ↑ "VICE-PRESIDENTIAL VOTES FOR THE MAY 11, 1998 ELECTIONS: SWS Day-of-Election 'Exit Poll'". Retrieved 1 February 2014.
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