Sistema Único de Saúde
The Sistema Único de Saúde (Portuguese pronunciation: [sis.ˈte.mɐ ˈu.ni.ku dʒi sa.ˈu.dʒi], Unified Health System), better known by the acronym SUS, is Brazil's publicly funded health care system. SUS was created in 1990, and since then went through many revisions and reorganizations with the objective of better organizing its scope, reach and decentralizing its hierarchy. The system is entirely free of any cost, for any person, including foreigners.
Creation
After the fall of the military dictatorship that ruled the country for 20 years, the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 sought to guarantee more rights and freedoms to the population, and set many objectives of social development. Among those, improving health care was set as a priority:
| “ | Health is a right of all and an obligation of the State, guaranteed by socioeconomic policies which seek to the reduction of the risk of disease and of other grievances and to the universal and equal access to the actions and services in its promotion, protection and recuperation.[1] | ” |
Two years later on 19 September 1990, the objectives set in the constitution were consolidated in the letter of the law by law number 8.080, whose articles created the SUS and defined its actuation.[2]
Prior to that, only people who contributed with the social security were able to receive health care. The creation of SUS was important in the sense that more than 80% of the Brazilian population depend on it to receive medical treatment. Brazil provides two-tier health care, but almost 25% of the population pay for private insurance.[3]
Objectives
The SUS's objectives are, by the law of its creation, defined as:[2]
- The identification and publication of determinant and conditioning factors for human health;
- The formulation of the health policy;
- Assistance to the people through actions of promotion, protection and recuperation of health, with the integrated realization of assistance actions and preventive activities;
- Sanitation and health surveillance;
- Epidemiological vigilance;
- Occupational safety and health;
- Integral therapeutic assistance, including pharmaceutic;
- Organization of the formation of health human resources;
- Nutritional vigilance and orientation;
- Collaboration with the protection of environment, including work environment;
- Formulation of policies regarding drugs, equipment, immunobiologicals and other resources of interest for human health, and participation in its production;
- The control and fiscalization of services, products e substances of interest for human health;
- The fiscalization and inspection of food, water and beverages for human consumption;
- The participation in the control and fiscalization of the production, transportation, safety and utilization of radioactive, toxic, and psychoactive substances and products;
- Scientific and technological developments in its area of actuation;
- The formulation and execution of the national policy for blood and its derivatives.
References
- ↑ Brazilian Constitution of 1988
- 1 2 LEI Nº 8.080, DE 19 DE SETEMBRO DE 1990 http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8080.htm
- ↑ brasil.gov.br "Planos de Saúde Privado" ("Planos de Saúde Privado")
External links
- Health National Website (in english)
- DataSUS official website
- "Reorganizing the Health Care System in Brazil" by Lenaura Lobato