Diet (nutrition)

This article is about the human diet. For restriction of the human diet for weight loss, see Dieting. For a list of human diets, see List of diets. For a discussion of animal diets, see List of feeding behaviours.

A selection of food consumed by humans. However, the human diet can vary widely.

In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.^[1] The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.

Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, and food energy in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity.

Religious and cultural dietary choices

Some cultures and religions have restrictions concerning what foods are acceptable in their diet. For example, only Kosher foods are permitted by Judaism, and Halal foods by Islam. Although Buddhists are generally vegetarians, the practice varies and meat-eating may be permitted depending on the sects. In Hinduism, vegetarianism is the ideal. Jains are strictly vegetarian and consumption of roots is not permitted.

Dietary choices

Many people choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees (e.g. flexitarianism, vegetarianism, veganism, fruitarianism) for health reasons, issues surrounding morality, or to reduce their personal impact on the environment, although some of the public assumptions about which diets have lower impacts are known to be incorrect.^[2] Raw foodism is another contemporary trend. These diets may require tuning or supplementation such as vitamins to meet ordinary nutritional needs.

Weight management

Main articles: Dieting and Diet food

A particular diet may be chosen to seek weight loss or weight gain. Changing a subject's dietary intake, or "going on a diet", can change the energy balance and increase or decrease the amount of fat stored by the body. Some foods are specifically recommended, or even altered, for conformity to the requirements of a particular diet. These diets are often recommended in conjunction with exercise. Specific weight loss programs can be harmful to health, while others may be beneficial and can thus be coined as healthy diets. The terms "healthy diet" and "diet for weight management" are often related, as the two promote healthy weight management. Having a healthy diet is a way to prevent health problems, and will provide the body with the right balance of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.^[3]

Eating disorders

Main article: Eating disorder

An eating disorder is a mental disorder that interferes with normal food consumption. It is defined by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive diet.

Health

Main article: Healthy diet

A healthy diet may improve or maintain optimal health. In developed countries, affluence enables unconstrained caloric intake and possibly inappropriate food choices.^[4]

Health agencies recommend that people maintain a normal weight by limiting consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, eat plant-based food, limit red and processed meat, and limit alcohol.^[5]

Diet classification table

Food Type	Carnivorous	Ketogenic	Omnivorous	Pescetarian	Vegetarian	Vegan	Raw vegan	Islamic	Hindu	Jewish	Paleolithic	Fruitarian
Fruits and berries	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Greens	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Vegetables	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Legumes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Tubers	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Grains	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Poultry	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Maybe	Yes	Yes	No
Fish (scaled)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Maybe	Yes	Yes	No
Seafood (non-fish)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Maybe	No	Yes	No
Beef	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Pork	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Maybe	No	Yes	No
Eggs	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Maybe^[6]	No	No	Maybe	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Dairy	No	Maybe	Yes	Yes	Maybe	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Nuts	No	Maybe	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Alcohol	No	Maybe	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No

Notes

↑ noun, def 1 – askoxford.com
↑ The embodied energy of food: the role of diet DA Coley, E Goodliffe, J Macdiarmid Energy Policy 26 (6), 455-460
↑ "Healthy Eating: How do you get started on healthy eating?". Webmd.com. 2009-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
↑ "Told to Eat Its Vegetables, America Orders Fries" article by Kim Severson in The New York Times September 24, 2010, accessed September 25, 2010
↑ "Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity" (PDF). World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute for Cancer Research. 2010.
↑ http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/can-eat-eggs-vegetarian-9307.html

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Diet

The dictionary definition of diet at Wiktionary

Human diets

Main articles: Cuisine; Dietitian; Hunger; Leptin; Meal; Nutrition; Obesity; Staple food

Diet

Basic types	Omnivore Pescetarian Entomophagy Plant-based

Religious diets	Buddhist Christian Hindu Islamic Jain Jewish Rastafari Sikh

Vegetarianism and veganism	Tofu Milk substitute Dried fruit Fruitarianism Meat analogue Raw vegan

Supplement diets	Bodybuilding supplements Meal replacement Plumpy'nut Therapeutic food

Non-solid diets	Liquid diets Very low calorie

Specific restrictions	Calorie restrictions Gluten-free Gluten-free and casein-free No-carbohydrate Low-carbohydrate Specific Carbohydrate FODMAP Low-fat Low-sodium Low-glycemic

Other feeding behaviors	DASH Ketogenic Inuit Paleolithic Raw foodist Slow carb Cotton ball diet Semi-vegetarianism U.S. military

Food faddism	Atkins Cambridge Macrobiotic Superfood Junk food

List of diets	Diet food Dieting

Nutrition

Amino acids	Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Histidine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Isoleucine Leucine Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

Vitamins	Vitamin A Vitamin B₁ Vitamin B₂ Vitamin B₃ Vitamin B₅ Vitamin B₆ Vitamin B₇ Vitamin B₉ Vitamin B₁₂ Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Minerals	Calcium Chlorine Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Cobalt Copper Chromium Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Vanadium Zinc

Lists, Cuisines, Dietetics, Meals, Nutrition, Diets, Obesity
Food, Health, Fitness

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