Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014

Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
Ukraine
26 October 2014
423 of 450 seats to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine[1]
226[2] seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Yuri Lutsenko Arseniy Yatsenyuk Andriy Sadovyi
Party Petro Poroshenko Bloc People's Front Self Reliance
Last election did not participate* did not participate* New
Seats won 132 82 33
Seat change did not participate did not participate New
Popular vote 3,437,521 3,488,114 1,729,271
Percentage 21.82% 22.12% 10.97%
Swing did not participate did not participate New
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Yuriy Boyko Oleh Lyashko Yulia Tymoshenko
Party Opposition Bloc Radical Fatherland
Last election did not participate* 1.08%, 1 seat 25.54%, 101 seats*
Seats won 29 22 19
Seat change did not participate Increase 21 Decrease 82
Popular vote 1,486,203 1,173,131 894,837
Percentage 9.43% 7.44% 5.68%
Swing did not participate Increase 6.36% Decrease 19.86%

Results of the election in national and single-mandate constituencies

*Footnote: In these elections several politicians switched parties in the weeks before the election; People's Front is a September 2014 split of Fatherland[3] and individual members of the Party of Regions took part in the election as candidates of Opposition Bloc.[4][5] In the last election Party of Regions had won 30% and 185 seats.[6] 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list was filled by members of UDAR, which did not participate independently in this parliamentary election.[7]

Chairman of Parliament before election

Oleksandr Turchynov
Fatherland

 Elected Chairman of Parliament

Volodymyr Groysman
Petro Poroshenko Bloc

A snap parliamentary election for the Verkhovna Rada took place in Ukraine on 26 October 2014.[8]

The President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, announced the date of the election on 25 August 2014.[8] Poroshenko had pressed for early parliamentary elections since his victory in the May 2014 presidential election.[9][10][11] Because of the ongoing War in Donbass and the unilateral annexation of Crimea by Russia, the elections were not held in all of the regions of Ukraine.[12][13] On 2 September 2014 the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that voting would not be held for the 12 Verkhovna Rada constituencies in Crimea and Sevastopol.[1][14][15] On 25 October they announced that there will also be no voting in 9 constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and 6 constituencies in Luhansk Oblast.[1] Because of this 27 seats of the 450 seats in parliament will remain unfilled.[1]

Every citizen of Ukraine who is 18 years of age or older was able to exercise their right to vote in a mixed electoral system (53.2% under party lists and 46.8% in 198 constituencies[1]) with a 5% election threshold.[16][17]

Campaigning for this election was limited to the sixty days prior to the election, starting on 28 August 2014.[18] A total of 2,321 international observers were registered to monitor the election.[19]

Local election watchdogs, international observers, the European Union and Russia cited no serious election violations and were generally pleased with the election.[20][21]

The Petro Poroshenko Bloc won the most seats (132 seats) in the election (because of its lead in single-seat constituencies) with the People's Front (who gained more votes than the Petro Poroshenko Bloc on the nationwide party list[22]) coming second with 82 seats.[23] 94 independent candidates won a seat in single-seat constituencies, Self Reliance won 33 seats, the Opposition Bloc 29 seats, the Radical Party 22 seats, Fatherland 19 seats, Svoboda 6 seats, Right Sector 1 seat, Strong Ukraine 1 seat, Volia 1 seat, and Zastup also 1 seat.[23] For the first time since Ukraine's 1991 independence Communists gained no parliamentary representation.[23][24] The official voter turnout was set at 52.42%.[25] 57% was the turnout in the previous 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[26]

The new parliament was appointed and started its tasks on 27 November 2014.[27] 226 votes are needed to form a parliamentary majority.[2]

Background

According to the election law of November 2011, elections to the Verkhovna Rada must take place at least every five years.[16][28] That law came into effect with the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. If the Rada had sat for the maximum allotted time, the next parliamentary election would have occurred on 29 October 2017.[16] Despite this, the president-elect Petro Poroshenko said that he wanted to hold early parliamentary elections following his victory in the presidential election on 25 May 2014.[10] At 26 June session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Poroshenko said that he hoped to hold parliamentary elections in October 2014, portraying this as "the most democratic way".[9][nb 1]

The parliamentary coalition that supported the Yatsenyuk Government, formed in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and of the Euromaidan movement, was dissolved on 24 July.[30] If no new coalition formed within thirty days, President Poroshenko would become entitled to dissolve the Rada and to call early parliamentary elections.[30] On the same day as the dissolution, the Sovereign European Ukraine faction submitted a bill to the Rada that called for elections to take place on 28 September 2014.[31]

In an interview with Ukrainian television channels on 14 August, Poroshenko justified early elections because the Rada refused to recognise the self-proclaimed breakaway Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics as terrorist organisations.[32] The two republics, situated in the eastern Ukrainian region of the Donbass, originated in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine respectively, and have been fighting Ukrainian government forces in the War in Donbass.[33] President Poroshenko said: "I don't know how to work with a parliament in which a huge number [of deputies], whole factions, make up 'the fifth column' controlled from abroad [referring to Russia]. And this danger is only increasing".[32] He also said that new elections "are the best and the most efficient form of lustration of not only the parliament but also the political forces".

Poroshenko announced on 25 August that he had called for elections to the Rada to take place on 26 October 2014.[8][12] In his accompanying television address, he portrayed the elections as necessary to "purify the Rada of the mainstay of [former president] Viktor Yanukovych". These deputies, Poroshenko said, "clearly do not represent the people who elected them".[34] Poroshenko also painted these Rada deputies as responsible for "the [January 2014] Dictatorship laws that took the lives of the Heavenly Hundred".[34] Poroshenko also stated that many of the (then) current MPs were "direct sponsors and accomplices or at least sympathizers of the militants/separatists".[34]

Electoral system

In late July 2014 draft amendments for a new electoral law proposed a return to proportional representation with open party lists and electoral blocs.[35] Other than the open list, this would have been a return to the way the 2007 parliamentary election was conducted (closed lists were used).[36] Despite this, the Rada refused to make the proposed amendments law on 14 August.[37] Hence, like in the previous parliamentary election of 2012, a parallel voting system will be used with 50% of seats (225 seats) elected by (national) proportional party lists with a 5% election threshold and the other 50% of the seats elected in 225 constituencies with a first-past-the-post electoral system in one round (candidate with the highest vote total wins).[38][16][39][40]

Every citizen of Ukraine 18 years of age or older was allowed to take part in the election.[17] In total 30.45 million Ukrainians in Ukraine and 0.5 million outside Ukraine were able to vote.[41]

In 2012 there were 33,540 polling stations in Ukraine, and 116 foreign polling stations in 77 countries.[42][43]

The July 2014 draft amendments also proposed reducing electoral campaigns from 60 to 45 days.[35] Since they were thus not made law, the campaign started 28 August 2014 and lasted 60 days.[18]

Non-voting areas

On 2 September the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that voters from Crimea (including Sevastopol) would not be able to vote for the 12 Crimean constituencies.[1][14] On 25 October (one day before the election) the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that there will also be no voting in 9 constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and 6 constituencies in Luhansk Oblast (the Donbass region of Eastern Ukraine).[1] Because of this 27 seats of the 450 seats in parliament will remain unfilled.[1] On 24 October it was estimated by the democratic watchdog OPORA that 4.6 million Ukrainians will be unable to vote – 1.8 million in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, 1.6 million in Donetsk Oblast and 1.2 million in Luhansk Oblast.[44]

Voter turnout in Donetsk Oblast (situated in the Donbass) in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election.
Light green coloured parts of the Donetsk Oblast took part in the Ukrainian parliamentary election, purple coloured parts in the 2 November Donetsk People's Republic elections and yellow parts took part in neither.

Donbass

When President Poroshenko announced that he had called early parliamentary elections for 26 October 2014 on 25 August 2014,[8] in the Donbass region of Eastern Ukraine (Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast[45]) pro-Russian separatists controlled several of the region's government buildings and towns (since mid-April 2014).[33][46] By August 2014 the Ukrainian army and these pro-Russian separatists were fighting the War in Donbass.[12][47] In the May 2014 Ukrainian presidential election only 20% of the ballot stations were open in Donbass due to threats and violence by these pro-Russia separatists.[48][49] Since the July 2014 post-ceasefire government offensive the pro-Russian separatist control a smaller chunk of the Donbass region than in May 2014.[50] According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine, (in early September 2014) 32 constituencies were located within the territory of the War in Donbass.[14] In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the Donbass was divided in 32 constituencies.[15] On 21 October 10 of the 21 constituencies of Donetsk Oblast elections were expected to go through while 3 (other) constituencies were considered "problematic".[51] In Luhansk Oblast elections were expected to be held in 5 of its 11 constituencies.[52] 14.26% (5,061,489) of Ukraine's 35,500,913 eligible voters live in Donbass.[50] According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine over 30,000 of them were able to vote without changing their electoral address.[53] On 9 October they also predicted that 1.46 million voters in Donetsk Oblast (out of the approximately 3.3 million) and 560,000 (out of the approximately 1.8 million) in Luhansk Oblast would be able to vote.[54] On 25 October (one day before the election) the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that there will be no voting in 9 constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and 6 constituencies in Luhansk Oblast.[1] On election day in Luhansk Oblast all polling stations were opened in only 1 of the 5 constituencies where voting was possible, in Donetsk Oblast this was so in 6 out of the 12 constituencies.[55] In some constituencies in Donbass only a handful of polling stations were open; this led to Yukhym Zvyahilsky winning a seat with only 1,450 votes (or 72% of the total votes cast).[56]

Separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk held their own elections on 2 November.[57]

Crimea

During the February–March[58] 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine lost control over Crimea, soon after Crimea was annexed by Russia after a controversial plebiscite in March 2014.[33][59][60][nb 2] As a result, the May 2014 (Ukrainian) presidential elections were not held in Crimea.[13]

On 2 September the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that voters from Crimea would be able to vote for the (national) proportional party lists in a polling station in Ukraine of their choice.[14] But they would not be able to vote for the Crimean constituencies.[14] In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Crimea was divided into 12 constituencies.[1][15] 5.1% of Ukraine's voters live in Crimea.[50]

Campaign

In the election campaign the parties positions on foreign relations and the War in Donbass could be roughly divided into two groups.[62] The first group consisted of pro-European parties that advocated to end the War in Donbass by use of force and consisted of Fatherland Party, Civic Position, Radical Party and People's Front (this party was ambiguous about use of force).[62] Svoboda also wanted to end the War in Donbass by use of force.[62] The party Petro Poroshenko Bloc was the only pro-European party that wanted to end the War in Donbass by a peaceful solution.[62] The second group was Strong Ukraine and Opposition Bloc who were considered pro-Russian and they advocated to end the War in Donbass by a peaceful solution.[62] The Communist Party of Ukraine (according to political scientist Tadeusz A. Olszański) "effectively supports the separatist rebellion".[62]

According to Olszański Radical Party and the Communists were the only left-wing parties.[62]

Registered parties and candidates

Nationwide party lists

On 26 September 2014 the Central Election Commission of Ukraine finished registering the nationwide party lists. A total of 29 parties participated in the election.[63] Parties appeared on the ballot in the following order:[64]

  1. Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko
  2. Solidarity of Ukrainian Women
  3. Internet Party of Ukraine
  4. Opposition Bloc
  5. People's Front
  6. 5.10
  7. All-Ukrainian Agrarian Union "ZASTUP"
  8. Revival
  9. New Politics
  10. United Country
  11. People's Power
  12. Svoboda
  13. National Democratic Party of Ukraine
  14. Communist Party of Ukraine
  15. Self Reliance Party
  16. Ukraine is United
  17. Right Sector
  18. Ukraine of the Future
  19. Liberal Party of Ukraine
  20. Party of Greens of Ukraine
  21. Green Planet
  22. Petro Poroshenko Bloc
  23. Strength and Honour
  24. Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
  25. Strong Ukraine
  26. Fatherland
  27. Civil Position
  28. Bloc of Ukrainian Left Forces
  29. Ukrainian Civil Movement
Forming of political coalitions

On 2 September Vitaliy Kovalchuk (the parliamentary leader) of UDAR stated that since his party and Petro Poroshenko Bloc had agreed to "joint participation in parliamentary elections" on 29 March 2014 the two parties were "in discussion" about "the format" for how to do so in these elections.[7] On 15 September it became clear that 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list would be filled by members of UDAR and that UDAR leader Vitali Klitschko is at the top of this list, Klitschko vowed not to resign as incumbent Mayor of Kiev.[65][66]

7 September party congress of Civil Position decided that the party would participate in the election on a partly list with members of Democratic Alliance.[67]

On 10 September, the Fatherland Party split because party leaders Yatsenyuk and Turchynov became founding members of the new party People's Front.[3]

The biggest party in the previous 2012 parliamentary elections, Party of Regions, chose not to participate in the election because of a perceived lack of legitimacy (of the election), because not every resident of the Donbas could vote.[68] Individual members of the Party of Regions would take part in the election as candidates of the party Opposition Bloc.[4] According to Yuriy Boyko, who is heading the party's election list, Opposition Bloc does not represent parties, but consists only of individual politicians.[4]

Results

The day before the election the Central Election Commission of Ukraine stated that the final results were expected to be published by the morning of 30 October.[69] But the announcement of the final results of the election was delayed because election district 59 (located in Marinka and thus close to the contested territory of the War in Donbass) is not able to establish its official election results.[70] By the afternoon of 1 November 99.9% of the ballots were counted.[71] On 10 November the Election Commission announced that 100% of the ballots were counted; the next day it published the official results of the elections.[23][72]

Summary results

↓
132 82 33 29 22 19 105 27
Petro Poroshenko Bloc People's Front Self Reliance Opposition Bloc Radical Fatherland others vacant

Nation-wide list

For the first time since Ukraine's 1991 independence the Communist Party of Ukraine has no parliamentary representation.[2][22][73] Since previous to its independence Ukraine was an administrative unit of the Communist Soviet Union this means that for the first time since 1918 Communists are not involved in Ukrainian national politics.[24]

On 26 October the Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine released the final results from polling stations abroad; Ukrainian voters who had voted outside Ukraine had given 25.38% of their votes to People's Front, 22.24% to Self Reliance, 21.72% to Petro Poroshenko Bloc, 8.16% to Right Sector, 6.5% to Svoboda, 4.74% to Civil Position and 2.44% to Fatherland.[74]

Electoral districts

In the 225 electoral districts some 3,321 candidates participated, out of which 2,018 were independent candidates.[75] In 27 electoral districts elections were not held/possible due to the War in Donbass and the annexation of Crimea by Russia (these electoral districts are depicted in dark gray in the graphic below).[1][14][33] 52 political parties nominated candidates.[75] 147 candidates withdrew after the 1 October candidate registration deadline.[76]

The announcement of the final result for electoral district 38 (won by Vadym Nesterenko) was delayed till mid-November because fellow candidate Oleksandr Kuzmuk challenged the results in court claiming Nesterenko was guilty of fraud and bribery of voters.[77]

Seat composition of the Verkhovna Rada after the 2014 election
 Summary of the 26 October 2014 Verkhovna Rada election results[23][78]
Parties List votes % Swing % Seats (constituencies) Seats (proportional representation) Seats (total) Seats (% of total) Change

(2012)

People's Front 3,488,114 22.14 —[lower-alpha 1] 18 64 82 18.22 New party
Petro Poroshenko Bloc 3,437,521 21.82 Increase 7.86%[lower-alpha 2] 69 63 132 29.33
Self Reliance Party 1,729,271 10.97 — 1 32 33 7.33 New party
Opposition Bloc 1,486,203 9.43 —[lower-alpha 3] 2 27 29 6.44 First election
Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko 1,173,131 7.44 Increase 6.36 0 22 22 4.88
All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" 894,837 5.68 Decrease 19.86 2 17 19 4.22
5% threshold for the party-list vote
Freedom 742,022 4.71 Decrease 5.73 6 — 6 1.33
Communist Party of Ukraine 611,923 3.88 Decrease 9.3 0 — 0 0
Strong Ukraine 491,471 3.11 [lower-alpha 4] 1 — 1 0.22
Civil Position 489,523 3.1 —[lower-alpha 1] 0 — 0 0
Zastup 418,301 2.65 — 1 — 1 0.22 New party
Right Sector 284.943 1.8 Increase 1.75[lower-alpha 5] 1 — 1 0.22
Solidarity of Women of Ukraine 105,094 0.66 ? 0 — 0 0
5.10 67,124 0.42 — 0 — 0 0 New party
Internet Party of Ukraine 58,197 0.36 —[lower-alpha 6] 0 — 0 0
Party of Greens of Ukraine 39,636 0.25 Decrease 0.1 0 — 0 0
Green Planet 37,726 0.23 Decrease 0.12 0 — 0 0
Revival 31,201 0.19 ? 0 — 0 0
One Country 28,145 0.17 ? 0 — 0 0
Ukraine is One Country 19,838 0.12 New party[79] 0 — 0 0
New Politics 19,222 0.12 Increase 0.02 0 — 0 0
Power of People 17,817 0.11 — 0 — 0 0 New party
Ukraine of the Future 14,168 0.08 Decrease 0.11 0 — 0 0
Strength and Honour 13,549 0.08 ? 0 — 0 0
Ukrainian Civil Movement 13,000 0.08 ? 0 — 0 0
Bloc of Left Forces of Ukraine 12,499 0.07 ? 0 — 0 0
National Democratic Party of Ukraine 11,826 0.07 ? 0 — 0 0
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 8,976 0.05 [lower-alpha 7] 0 — 0 0
Liberal Party of Ukraine 8,523 0.05 Decrease 0.02 0 — 0 0
Volia —[lower-alpha 8] — — 1 — 1 0.22 New party
Non-partisan, see below for per-constituency details —[lower-alpha 9] — — 96 — 96 21.33
Invalid ballot papers
Total 423 100
Sources: (Proportional votes, Constituency seats) Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine & ((% of total seats)
  1. 1 2 In the last election was part of Batkivshchyna
  2. ↑ As UDAR in the last election
  3. ↑ In place of Leading force party that did not participate in the last election
  4. ↑ In the last election was part of Party of Regions
  5. ↑ As UNA in the last election
  6. ↑ Internet Party of Ukraine did not participate in party voting in 2012
  7. ↑ In the last election was part of Our Ukraine
  8. ↑ Independently concurred only at the constituency level, while in party list voting ran together with Self Reliance Party
  9. ↑ Non-partisan candidates have no party affiliation and therefore do not participate in party voting

26 July 2015 constituency 205 mid-term election

On 26 July 2015 mid-term election were held in constituency 205 located in Chernihiv.[82] These were necessary after 2014 winner Valeriy Kulich had left parliament because of his appointment as Governor of Chernihiv Oblast.[82] 91 candidates took part in the elections; eight of them for political parties, the others were self-nominated candidates.[82] On election day the ballot paper stretched to about 1 meter.[82] 36 candidates had withdrawn from participation in the elections.[82] During the election campaign top candidates Hennadiy Korban and Serhiy Berezenko were repeatedly accused of bribing voters, the use of black PR and other violations (of the electoral legislation).[83]

The election was won by Berezenko of Petro Poroshenko Bloc with 35.90% of the vote.[81] Second most votes were won by Korban of UKROP who received 14.76%.[81] The official voter turnout was set at 35.3%.[84]

17 July 2016 constituency mid-term elections

On 17 July 2016 mid-term election were held in 7 single-member districts (constituency 23, 27, 85, 114, 151, 183 and 206) because their representatives had been elected to executive political positions and the death of Ihor Yeremeyev.[85] Turnout varied from about 50% until less than 20%.[86] The elections were monitored by 57 international official observers.[87]

Vote counting in constituency 114 (situated in Stanytsia Luhanska) was disrupted after several members of the election commission refused to count votes.[88] In the same constituency 14 criminal cases for violating the election were opened.[89] Constituency 151 was last in announcing its final results when it did so on 21 July 2016.[90]

Voter turnout

Voter turnout throughout Ukraine.

The official voter turnout was set (by the Central Election Commission of Ukraine) at 52.42%.[25] This figure was determined after the Central Electoral Commission deducted the eligible voters in areas were voting was impossible of the National Register of Voters.[41] According to Ukrainian democracy watchdag OPORA voter turnout in the elections was 51.2%.[20] In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the total voter turnout in the election was 57.99%.[26] The highest turnout was in the three west Ukrainian provinces of Lviv Oblast (with a 70% turnout), Ternopil Oblast (with a 68.28% turnout) and Volyn Oblast (with a 64.85% turnout).[93] The lowest turnout was in the east Ukrainian provinces Donetsk Oblast (32.4%) and Luhansk Oblast (32.87%) and the south western Odessa Oblast (39.52%).[93] According to Tadeusz Olszański, of the Centre for Eastern Studies, the low turnout in Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast is explained by the end of an artificial increase of voter turnout there (by Party of Regions) and that voters living there had the feeling that no party represented their interests.[41] In late August 2014 Irina Bekeshkina of the Democratic Initiative Foundation had predicted that 50% of the people who had voted for the Party of Regions and Communist Party of Ukraine (both popular particularly in Eastern Ukraine[94]) in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election would not participate in the 2014 elections.[95]

Opinion polls

Poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first. The percentages that overcome the 5% election threshold[96] are displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is bolded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. Poll results use the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. However, if such date is unknown, the date of publication will be given instead.

Date Polling firm PoR Fatherland UDAR Svoboda CPU Poroshenko Bloc Radical CP SU SR PF[lower-alpha 1] Others Lead
12–21 Oct Gorshenin Institute [lower-alpha 2] 10.4 [lower-alpha 3] 3 2.8 24.2 7.4 5.4 4 5.3 7.9 7.1[lower-alpha 4] 13.8
9–18 Oct KIIS, Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation [lower-alpha 2] 4.7 [lower-alpha 3] 2 2.8 20.5 8.6 3.3 3.75 5.8 6.8 9.75[lower-alpha 5] 11.9
1–8 Oct Rating [lower-alpha 2] 6.9 [lower-alpha 3] ~4 4.5 33.5 12.8 4.6 7.8 5.4 8.9 ~11.6[lower-alpha 6] 20.7
24 Sep – 5 Oct GfK Ukraine 8.7 29.9 7.6 7.3 7.0 21.2
19–22 Sep Active Group [lower-alpha 2] 6.3 [lower-alpha 3] 4 2.9 40.8 11.7 8.2 4.7 2.0 6.6 12.8 29.1
15–21 Sep All-Ukrainian Sociological Service[lower-alpha 7] [lower-alpha 2] 11.7 [lower-alpha 3] 9.4 2.4 40.5 12.5 6.6 4.7 3.2 6.6 2.4 28
12–21 Sep KIIS, Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation [lower-alpha 2] 7.8 4.3 4.7 4.5 39.5 10.4 6.9 5.2 2.6 5.8 8.2 29.1
5–12 Sep UISPP (NAPS) 2.0 7.9 4.6 4.6 4.2 31.5 12.7 6.6 6.3 3.0 8.1 8.7 18.8
5–10 Sep SOCIS 1.9 8.1 [lower-alpha 3] 4.5 2.9 45.7 13.7 8.1 4.4 2.0 5.6 3.1 32.0
23 Aug – 2 Sep KIIS 3.8 6.1 [lower-alpha 3] 4.4 4.6 37.1 13.1 9.7 7.8 2.9 6.4 2.3 24.0
2014 parliamentary election campaign
14–25 Aug GfK Ukraine 2 13[lower-alpha 8] 6 4 3 16 14 7 6 1 -[lower-alpha 9] 2 2
16–23 Jul KIIS 2.7 17.4 11.5 6.9 3.9 11.1 22.2 11.5 5.3 3.3 - 4.2 4.8
28 Jun – 10 Jul Rating 3.8 16.6[lower-alpha 10] 8.7 4.8 4.4 27.8 11.5 5.3 4.0 1.0 - 7.6 11.2
2014 presidential election
8–18 May Democratic Initiative Foundation 3[lower-alpha 11] 10.4 6.8 3.1 5.2 22.4 4.5 NP[lower-alpha 2] 4.2 1.2 - 4.3[lower-alpha 12] 12
8–13 May Rating 9[lower-alpha 13] 17.4 13.1 6.6 6.3 26.6 7.2 6.8 – 0.8 - 6.2 9.2
25–29 Apr Razumkov Centre 11.6[lower-alpha 13] 20.3 12.2 5.2 6.5 31.1 5.7 – – - - 7.4 10.8
14–26 Mar International Republican Institute[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 14] 9.5 25.5 19 8 6.5 17.5 – – – - - 16 6.5
14–19 Mar SOCIS, KIIS, Rating, Razumkov Centre 13.6 22.2 16.4 5.2 6.9 21.6 5.7 – – - - 8.5 0.6
1–6 Mar Social Monitoring Centre[lower-alpha 7] 16.6 21.7 19.8 6.5 7.9 13.7 4.4 – – - - 9.5 0.9
24 Feb – 4 Mar SOCIS 12.9 22.7 22.3 6.5 7.1 18.9 3.7 – – - - 5.9 0.4
28 Feb – 3 Mar KIIS[lower-alpha 7] 16.2 24 25.4 7.1 10.8 4.6 5.4 – – - - 6.7 1.4
2014 Ukrainian revolution
24 Jan – 1 Feb SOCIS 29.2 21.4 23.4 5.6 5.8 9.8 1.1 – – - - 3.5 5.8
17–26 Jan SOCIS 29.2 20.2 23.8 6.7 7.6 9.4 0.7 – – - - 2.3 5.4
2014 calendar year
23–27 Dec R&B Group[lower-alpha 7] 36.6 22.1 21.8 9.4 7.1 – – – – - - 3.1 14.5
7–17 Dec Rating[lower-alpha 7] 28.1 23.6 22.1 7.8 7.6 4.9 1.0 – – - - 4.7 4.5
30 Sep – 8 Oct Razumkov Centre[lower-alpha 7] 27.7 27.9 21 7 9.3 – 0.8 – – - - 6.2 0.2
26 Sep – 6 Oct Rating 27.0 26 21 9 10 – – – – - - 7.0 1.0
15–25 Sep R&B Group[lower-alpha 7] 32.9 27.9 19.9 7.9 9.1 – – – – - - 2.5 5.0
2013 calendar year
28 October 2012 2012 election results 30 25.6 14 10.5 13.2 – 1.08 – – - - 6.9 4.4
Notes
  1. ↑ A new party led by Arseniy Yatsenyuk and Oleksandr Turchynov that was formed after several people left Fatherland on 21 August 2014 (see People's Front).
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In this poll this party was either not polled as an independent party, or its results were categorised in its "Others"-section.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In this poll UDAR and Yuri Lutsenko were polled along with the Bloc of Petro Poroshenko.
  4. ↑ In this poll 19% of respondents who intend to vote had not decided whom to vote for and 3.5% were unable to answer the question.
  5. ↑ In this poll 32% of respondents who intend to vote had not decided whom to vote for.
  6. ↑ In this poll, Opposition Bloc received 5.1%, thus overcoming the threshold required to enter the Rada.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 This survey shows its poll results without disregarding those who are undecided or said they will abstain from voting (either physically or by voting blank). To obtain results comparable to other surveys and the official election results, the result shown in this table will be that obtained, with a simple rule of three, from disregarding undecided and/or abstaining voters from the totals offered in the survey.
  8. ↑ The party would gain this result if Arseniy Yatsenyuk would be on its party list
  9. ↑ The possible results for a possible (new) party of Arseniy Yatsenyuk and Oleksandr Turchynov were not polled
  10. ↑ In this poll Front for Change, which is part of the Fatherland coalition, was polled independently and received 3.4% of decided votes.
  11. ↑ For the results of Strong Ukraine see SU section in this table.
  12. ↑ In this poll 23.1% of respondents had not decided whom to vote for and 11.8% had stated that they would not take part in the election.
  13. 1 2 Including Strong Ukraine.
  14. ↑ Some opinion polls round their data so that in the end up showing a .0 or a .5 value. This practise is maintained for these polls when disregarding undecided and/or abstaining voters from the totals so as to avoid different interpretations of the same value.

Conduct

The elections were monitored by 2,321 accredited foreign observers,[97] 304 of them on behalf of 21 states and 2,017 from 20 international organisations.[97]

The Ukrainian democratic watchdog OPORA stated about the elections that they were legitimate, but that "the [election] campaign cannot be called fully free within the limits of the country" because of the fighting in the Donbass region.[20] The NGO Committee of Voters of Ukraine asked the Central Election Commission of Ukraine to declare invalid the results of constituencies 45 and 102 because there "significant irregularities were numerous".[20]

The OSCE stated about the elections that they were "in line with international commitments, and were characterized by many positive aspects, including an impartial and efficient Central Election Commission, competitive contests that offered voters real choice, and general respect for fundamental freedoms".[20] European Council President Herman Van Rompuy and European Commission President José Manuel Barroso called the elections "a victory of the people of Ukraine and of democracy".[20] US President Barack Obama and his Secretary of State John Kerry also congratulated Ukraine "on successful parliamentary elections".[20] The day after the election Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated "I think we will recognize this election because it is very important for us that Ukraine will finally have authorities that do not fight one another, do not drag Ukraine to the West or to the East, but that will deal with the real problems facing the country".[21] He also hoped that the new Ukrainian government "will be constructive, will not seek to continue escalating confrontational tendencies in society, (in ties) with Russia".[21] Lavrov's Deputy Foreign Minister Grigory Karasin stated "the election is valid in spite of the rather harsh and dirty election campaign".[21] Karasin also "welcomed the success of parties supporting a peaceful resolution of the conflict in eastern Ukraine" and warned that "nationalistic and chauvinistic forces" in parliament could undermine peace efforts and were "extremely dangerous".[21] Senator Vladimir Dzhabarov, acting chairman of the (Russian) Federation Council's International Affairs Committee, stated that "The contacts earlier established between the State Duma and the Federation Council on the one hand and the Verkhovna Rada on the other will hopefully be re-launched in some format" although he stated he could not imagine how these contacts would be developed since he believed "The new Ukrainian parliament has become more radical-minded".[21] Dzhabarov claimed about the elections that "If such elections had been held in some other country, in Russia for instance, the West would have never recognized them as legitimate. Nevertheless, the West and Europe have recognized the Ukrainian elections as valid".[21] Observers of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation were positive about the elections and in particular welcomed that "administrative resources" were not used in the elections.[20] Observers of the International Republican Institute also expressed this opinion and stated that its observers had witnessed only minor non-systemic irregularities that could not have affected the outcome of the election.[20]

Government formation

Further information: Second Yatsenyuk Government

Parliamentary factions in parliament after elections

On 27 November 2014 five factions and two parliamentary groups were formed (at the opening session of the new parliament formed after the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election).[98]

(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Petro Poroshenko Bloc People's Front Opposition Bloc Self Reliance Radical Party Fatherland Revival[a 1] People's Will[a 2][a 3] Non-affiliated[a 4]
End of previous convocation DNP[a 5] DNP[a 6] DNP[a 7] DNP 1 86 41 35 93 445 5
Seats won in 2014 election[78] 132 82 29 33 22 19 DNP DNP 96 423 27
November 27, 2014
(first session)[98][101]		 145 83 40 32 19 20 38 418 32
December 2, 2014[104][101] 147 420 30
February 5, 2015[101] 150 82 31 21 18 42 422 28
June 24, 2015[101] 144 81 43 22 19 422 28
October 22, 2015[101] 142 26 20 48 422 28
February 13, 2016[101] 136 23 53 422 28
April 11, 2016[101] 141 47 422 28
April 12, 2016[101] 145[a 8] 19 44 422 28
July 19, 2016[101] 142 42 422 28
September 21, 2016[101] 143 21 46 422 28
Latest voting share 33.9% 19.2% 10.2% 6.2% 5.0% 5.0% 5.5% 4.5% 10.9% 93.8% 6.2%
  1. ↑ Revival was briefly called Economic Development in 2014. It was also a parliamentary group like People's Will until 2015.
  2. ↑ People's Will is a parliamentary group. Parliamentary groups consist of non-partisan deputies or representatives of parties that did not overcome election threshold (i.e. Svoboda, Strong Ukraine, etc.).
  3. ↑ The People's Will deputy group in previous convocation was known as Sovereign European Ukraine.
  4. ↑ Parties that did not pass the 5% threshold of the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Svoboda (7 seats), Right Sector (1 seat), Strong Ukraine (1 seat), Volia (1 seat), and Zastup (1 seat) are part of non-affiliated.[78] After the 17 July 2016 constituency mid-term elections the parties UKROP and Our Land joined them.[91]
  5. ↑ 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list was filled by members of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR), which did not participate in the 2014 election independently. UDAR participated in the 2012 election, consisting of a faction of 41 deputies in the previous convocation.[99][100][101]
  6. ↑ People's Front is a September 2014 split off from Fatherland; many current members of the People's Front were members of the Fatherland faction of the previous convocation.[3][102]
  7. ↑ The Opposition Bloc consists mainly of former members of former President Yanukovych's Party of Regions,[103] which formed the largest caucus after the 2012 election with 185 deputies, although after the removal of Yanukovych and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the caucus consisted of only 78 members.
  8. ↑ The addition of these four deputies made it possible for Petro Poroshenko Bloc and People's Front to form a government without additional parties.[105]

Notes

  1. ↑ In a Research & Branding Group opinion poll held from 26 July until 5 August 72% of respondents supported the call for early elections.[29]
  2. ↑ The status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is currently under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the Crimea to be an autonomous republic of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.[33][61]
  3. ↑ Although not a member of any political party, Tetyana Rychkova joined the Petro Poroshenko Bloc faction in parliament.[92]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Parliamentary elections not to be held at nine constituencies in Donetsk region and six constituencies in Luhansk region - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (25 October 2014)
  2. 1 2 3 Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament, Ukrainian Television and Radio (8 November 2014)
    People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
    Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
    Poroshenko Bloc candidates leading in 64 single-seat constituencies - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  3. 1 2 3 (Ukrainian)Yatsenyuk became a leader of the "People's Front" political council, while Turchynov is a head of its headquarters. Ukrayinska Pravda. 10 September 2014
    Ukrainian PM, Parliament Speaker to Head Newly Formed Popular Front Party, RIA Novosti (10 September 2014)
  4. 1 2 3 Opposition Bloc chooses top ten candidates for parliamentary elections, Interfax Ukraine (23 September 2014)
    Allies of Yanukovych trying for parliament, Kyiv Post (21 September 2014)
    Party Of Regions Will Not Contest Snap Parliamentary Elections Independently, Ukrainian News Agency (14 September 2014)
  5. ↑ Balancing act for Ukraine's Petro Poroshenko, BBC News (28 October 2014)
  6. ↑ Ukraine Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook: Strategic Information, Basic Laws and Regulations, Ibp Usa, 16 August 2012, ISBN 1438778406 (page 14)
  7. 1 2 (Ukrainian) Block Poroshenko and kick off to the polls together, TVi (2 September 2014)
  8. 1 2 3 4 Ukraine President Poroshenko Calls Snap General Election, Bloomberg News (25 August 2014)
  9. 1 2 Poroshenko hopes early parliamentary elections in Ukraine will take place in October, Interfax-Ukraine (26 June 2014)
  10. 1 2 Poroshenko hopes for early parliamentary elections in Ukraine this fall - presidential envoy, Interfax-Ukraine (19 June 2014)
  11. ↑ In Ukrainian election, chocolate tycoon Poroshenko claims victory, The Washington Post (25 May 2014)
  12. 1 2 3 Ukraine crisis: President calls snap vote amid fighting, BBC News (25 August 2014)
  13. 1 2 "Ukraine elections: Runners and risks". BBC News. 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (Ukrainian) The CEC explained how to vote to inhabitants of Russian-occupied territories, 5 Kanal (2 September 2014)
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 2012 Parliamentary Elections Boundary Delimitation Summary and Analysis, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (May 2012)
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  17. 1 2 (Ukrainian) Перший крок до зриву виборів, Ukrayinska Pravda (9 April 2012)
  18. 1 2 Decree on parliament dissolution published in official bulletin of Ukrainian president, election campaign begins on August 28, Interfax-Ukraine (14 August 2014)
    (Ukrainian) Poroshenko decree to dissolve the Council are published, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 August 2014)
    (Ukrainian) Poroshenko put an end to the dissolution of, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 August 2014)
  19. ↑ В Украине на выборах будет работать 2 тыс. 321 иностранный наблюдатель, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (21 October 2014)
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ukrainian Rada elections generally without incident – OPORA, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    CVU to ask CEC to declare invalid elections at constituencies Nos. 45 and 102, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    OSCE claims elections in Ukraine held up to democratic standards, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    Voting, tabulation in Rada elections organized properly - OSCE observers, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    OSCE: Ukraine elections a step forward, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    Barroso, Van Rompuy call Ukraine elections a victory of democracy, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    PABSEC speaks positively of Verkhovna Rada elections, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    International Republican Institute congratulates Ukraine on elections that meet international standards, Interfax-Ukraine (28 October 2014)
    John Kerry: Ukraine's parliamentary elections, Kyiv Post (28 October 2014)
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Moscow acknowledges Ukrainian election as valid, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
    Ukraine elections: Pro-Western parties set for victory, BBC News (27 October 2014)
    Russia to Recognize Ukraine Election Results, Says Lavrov, The Moscow Times (27 October 2014)
    Russia's Lavrov hopes for 'constructive' Ukrainian government: Tass, Reuters (27 October 2014)
    Russian senators prepared to cooperate with new Verkhovna Rada, Kyiv Post (28 October 2014)
  22. 1 2 Latest vote count shows virtually no change in political configuration - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 General official results of Rada election, Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014)
    Central Election Commission announces official results of Rada election on party tickets, Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014)
  24. 1 2 Ukrainian Communist leader Symonenko not planning to leave country, Interfax-Ukraine (29 October 2014)
    Ukraine’s Elections Mark a Historic Break With Russia and Its Soviet Past, Time magazine (Oct. 27, 2014)
  25. 1 2 Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  26. 1 2 CEC:Turnout in Ukraine's parliamentary elections 57.99%, Kyiv Post (29 October 2012)
  27. ↑ CEC registers 357 newly elected deputies of 422, National Radio Company of Ukraine (25 November 2014)
    Parliament to form leadership and coalition on November 27, UNIAN (26 November 2014)
  28. ↑ (Ukrainian) Law of Ukraine "On Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine " dated 17 November 2011, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
  29. ↑ (Ukrainian) Більше 70% українців - за переобрання Ради (Over 70% of Ukrainians for the re-election of the Rada), Ukrayinska Pravda (15 August 2014)
  30. 1 2 Rada speaker announces dissolution of parliamentary coalition, Interfax-Ukraine (24 July 2014)
  31. ↑ Rada registers bill setting early parliamentary elections date for September 28, 2014, Interfax-Ukraine (24 July 2014)
  32. 1 2 Poroshenko frustrated by Rada refusing to recognize self-proclaimed republics as terrorist organizations, Interfax-Ukraine (14 August 2014)
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ukraine crisis timeline". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  34. 1 2 3 Ukrainian President dissolves Parliament, announces early elections, United Press International (25 August 2014)
    Ukraine's Petro Poroshenko Dissolves Parliament, Sets Election Date, The Moscow Times (26 August 2014)
    President's address on the occasion of early parliamentary elections of October 26, Presidential Administration of Ukraine (25 August 2014)
  35. 1 2 Poroshenko, Yatseniuk, Turchynov Agree On Reducing Early Parliamentary Election Campaign From 60 To 45 Days, Ukrainian News Agency (31 July 2014)
  36. ↑ Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, And Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M.E. Sharpe, 2006, ISBN 0-7656-1811-7 (page 251)
    Black Sea Fleet vote: Know thy turncoats, Kyiv Post (6 May 2010)
    Ukraine needs constitutional change now, Kyiv Post (7 May 2009)
  37. ↑ Rada fails to put on today's agenda three bills on elections of MPs, Interfax-Ukraine (14 August 2014)
  38. ↑ Electoral dead-end for Rada, UNIAN (29 September 2016)
  39. ↑ "Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011" (PDF). 17 November 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  40. ↑ The Distorted Will of the People, The Ukrainian Week (5 November 2012)
  41. 1 2 3 Olszański, Tadeusz A. (29 October 2014), A strong vote for reform: Ukraine after the parliamentary elections, OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies
  42. ↑ After counting all ballots at 116 foreign polling stations "Svoboda" wins in parliamentary elections in Ukraine, National Radio Company of Ukraine (29 October 2012)
    No violations reported at Ukraine’s overseas polling stations, ITAR-TASS (28 October 2012)
  43. ↑ Central Election Commission forms 33,540 polling stations in Ukraine and 114 abroad, Kyiv Post (12 April 2012)
  44. ↑ На выборах не смогут проголосовать почти 5 млн украинцев Подробности читайте на УНИАН: http://www.unian.net/politics/1000335-na-vyiborah-ne-smogut-progolosovat-pochti-5-mln-ukraintsev.html, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (24 October 2014)
  45. ↑ Poroshenko Bloc, Radical Party and People's Front to enter parliament, latest poll says, Kyiv Post (22 October 2014)
  46. ↑ Masked gunmen tighten grip on eastern Ukraine, Reuters (30 April 2014)
  47. ↑ Ukraine conflict: Donetsk rebels parade captured soldiers, BBC News (24 August 2014)
  48. ↑ Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election, The Wall Street Journal (25 May 2014)
  49. ↑ Russia will recognise outcome of Ukraine poll, says Vladimir Putin, The Guardian (23 May 2014)
  50. 1 2 3 Ukraine in maps: How the crisis spread, BBC News
  51. ↑ Serhiy Klyuyev, brother of suspect in killings of EuroMaidan protesters, runs for parliament in Donetsk Oblast, Kyiv Post (21 October 2014)
  52. ↑ CEC chairman briefs OSCE observers on preparations for parliamentary elections in Ukraine, Interfax-Ukraine (15 October 2014)
  53. ↑ Over 190,000 people, including over 30,000 residents of Donbas, change polling place in early parliamentary elections - CEC, Kyiv Post (21 October 2014)
  54. ↑ Parliamentary elections could be held at 18 of 32 constituencies in Donbas, Kyiv Post (9 October 2014)
  55. ↑ Only in six constituencies of Donetsk region and one constituency in Luhansk region voting to be at all polling stations, says CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (26 October 2014)
  56. ↑ Starting a New Life, Voting as Before, The Ukrainian Week (11 November 2014)
  57. ↑ "Russia calls for talks with Kiev after separatist elections". The Guardian. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-03.
  58. ↑ "Is Crimea gone? Annexation no longer the focus of Ukraine crisis". CNN. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  59. ↑ EU & Ukraine 17 April 2014 FACT SHEET, European External Action Service (17 April 2014)
  60. ↑ Ukraine crisis: 'Illegal' Crimean referendum condemned, BBC News (6 March 2014)
    Is Crimea's referendum legal?, BBC News (13 March 2014)
  61. ↑ Gutterman, Steve. "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Olszański, Tadeusz A. (17 September 2014), Ukraine's political parties at the start of the election campaign, OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies
  63. ↑ ЦИК завершила регистрацию партий на внеочередных выборах в парламент, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (26 September 2014)
  64. ↑ ЦИК определила порядковые номера партий на выборах в Раду, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (27 September 2014)
  65. ↑ (Russian) Pilots, combatants, and journalists. Who goes to the new Verkhovna Rada , Korrespondent.net (15 September 2014)
    Klitschko: I lead my team to Parliament, UDAR official website (14 September 2014)
    Deadline for nomination of candidates running in early election to Rada expires, ITAR-TASS (15 September 2014)
  66. ↑ Klitschko has no plans to leave post of Kyiv mayor, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  67. ↑ (Ukrainian) The party decided Gritsenko, who will go to Council, Ukrayinska Pravda (7 September 2014)
  68. ↑ Ukraine's Party of Regions Refuses to Participate in Rada Elections, RIA Novosti (23 September 2014)
  69. ↑ CEC hopes to get complete preliminary figures on voting results by October 30 - Okhendovsky, Interfax-Ukraine (25 October 2014)
  70. ↑ CEC says official Rada election results may be announced after November 10, Interfax-Ukraine (7 November 2014)
  71. ↑ With 99.9% of ballots counted, People's Front leading in Ukraine polls - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (1 November 2014)
  72. 1 2 People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections – CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (10 November 2014)
  73. ↑ Exit polls: seven parties get into the parliament (UPDATING), Kyiv Post (26 October 2014)
  74. ↑ Ukrainian People's Front wins overseas polls, Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  75. 1 2 Basic electoral statistics 2014 extraordinary parliamentary election, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  76. ↑ Registration of candidates to run in early parliamentary elections in Ukraine ended, Interfax Ukraine (01.10.2014)
  77. ↑ (Ukrainian) In the 38th district of Dnipropetrovsk stop recount, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (17 November 2014)
  78. 1 2 3 Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament, Ukrainian Television and Radio (8 November 2014)
    People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
    Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
  79. ↑ Sukhov, Oleg (22 July 2015). "Volunteer and EuroMaidan activist to head war-torn Luhansk Oblast". Kyiv Post.
  80. 1 2 3 Data on vote counting at percincts within single-mandate districts Extraordinary parliamentary election on 26.10.2014, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
    (Ukrainian) Candidates and winners for the seat of the constituencies in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, RBK Ukraine
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 With 100% of ballots counted in Rada by-election, Berezenko gets 35.90% of votes, Korban 14.76% – CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (28 July 2015)
  82. 1 2 3 4 5 Mid-term elections start in Chernihiv (constituency No.205), UNIAN (26 July 2015)
  83. ↑ Корбан: Я потерял моральное право возглавлять политсовет партии "Укроп" "Гордон", .07.2015
    This crazy Ukrainian election shows the country has a ways to go toward reform, Global Post (28 July 2015)
  84. ↑ Additional Rada election in Chernihiv: 87.95% of protocols processed, UNIAN (27 July 2015)
  85. ↑ (Ukrainian) CEC appointed elections in four constituencies, Ukrayinska Pravda (10 May 2016)
    (Ukrainian) Довибори до ВР: У Дніпрі 51 кандидат, є представник КПУ (By-election to the Verkhovna Rada: in Dnipro 51, a candidate is a representative of the Communist Party), Ukrayinska Pravda (19 June 2016)
    (Russian)/(website has automatic Google Translate option) Short bio of Ihor Yeremeyev, LIGA
  86. ↑ (Ukrainian) CEC: Voter turnout for midterm elections nearly 33%. No data Luhansk, Ukrayinska Pravda (17 July 2016)
  87. ↑ (Ukrainian) CEC registered 43 observers to the Rada by-election, Ukrayinska Pravda (12 July 2016)
  88. ↑ (Ukrainian) Problem county in the Luhansk region resumed counting votes, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 July 2016)
  89. ↑ (Ukrainian) In Luhansk opened 14 cases for violating the election, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 July 2016)
  90. ↑ (Ukrainian) Became known the results of the vote in the last of the 7 districts, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 July 2016)
  91. 1 2 3 4 (Ukrainian)Data on vote counting at percincts within single-mandate districts Extraordinary parliamentary election on 17.06.2016, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  92. ↑ (Ukrainian) Tetyana Rychkova profile on the Verkhovna Rada website
  93. 1 2 Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies, National Radio Company of Ukraine (27 October 2014)
  94. ↑ Poll: Political forces of Tigipko, Yatseniuk, Communist Party in Top 5 of April rating of parties, Kyiv Post (12 May 2010)
  95. ↑ (Ukrainian) With a low start. How to change the parliament for early elections, Focus (4 August 2014)
  96. ↑ (Ukrainian) Poll: Council to pass seven parties, Ukrayinska Pravda (25 July 2014)
  97. 1 2 Almost 2,500 foreign observers to watch Ukrainian elections – CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (21 October 2014)
  98. 1 2 (Ukrainian) In Parliament created a faction, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 November 2014)
  99. ↑ (Ukrainian) Block Poroshenko and kick off to the polls together, TVi (2 September 2014)
  100. ↑ After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions, Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012)
  101. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (Ukrainian) Депутатські фракції і групи VIII скликання Deputy fractions and Groups VIII convocation, Verkhovna Rada
  102. ↑ Ukraine's united opposition discussing formation of single party, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)(subscription required)
    Five factions, including Communist Party, registered in parliament, Kyiv Post (12 December 2012)(subscription required)
    Sobolev: Front for Change and Reform and Order Party to join Batkivschyna, Interfax-Ukraine (11 June 2013)
    Front for Change, Reforms and Order to dissolve for merger with Batkivshchyna - Sobolev, Ukrinform (11 June 2013)
    (Ukrainian) Sobolev heads "Batkivshchyna" in the Rada, Televiziyna Sluzhba Novyn (20 March 2014)
    "Turchynov is summoned for interrogation to SBU today – BYUT". UNIAN. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
    "Batkivschyna to nominate Tymoshenko for presidency, Yatseniuk heads party's political council". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
    "BYT-Batkivschyna replaces its leader". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  103. ↑ Grytsenko, Oksana (September 21, 2014). "Allies of Yanukovych trying for parliament". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  104. ↑ (Ukrainian) Two more deputies entered the Poroshenko Bloc faction, Ukrayinska Pravda (2 December 2014)
  105. ↑ Ukraine: Lawmakers end session without new PM vote, BBC News (12 April 2016)
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