Vero cell

Phase-contrast microscopic image of Vero cells. (under green light. 100-fold magnification.)

Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures.[1] The 'Vero' lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly called Cercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species). The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962, by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.[2] The original cell line was named "Vero" after an abbreviation of verda reno, which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, while vero itself means "truth" in Esperanto.[3]

Vero cells are used for many purposes, including:

The Vero cell lineage is continuous and aneuploid. A continuous cell lineage can be replicated through many cycles of division and not become senescent.[4] Aneuploidy is the characteristic of having an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Vero cells are interferon-deficient; unlike normal mammalian cells, they do not secrete interferon alpha or beta when infected by viruses.[5] However, they still have the Interferon-alpha/beta receptor, so they respond normally when interferon from another source is added to the culture.

The whole genome sequence of a Vero cell line was determined by Japanese investigators in 2014.[6] Chromosome 12 of Vero cells has a homozygous ~9-Mb deletion, causing the loss of the type I interferon gene cluster and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B in the genome.[6] Although African green monkeys were previously classified as Cercopithecus aethiops, they have been placed within the genus Chlorocebus, which includes several species.[7] The genome analysis indicated that the Vero cell lineage is derived from a female Chlorocebus sabaeus.[6]

Lineages

Isolated from C. aethiops kidney on 27 Mar 1962
Isolated from Vero in 1968, it grows to a lower saturation density (cells per unit area) than the original Vero. It is useful for detecting and counting hemorrhagic fever viruses by plaque assays.
This line is a clone from Vero 76. Vero E6 cells show some contact inhibition, so are suitable for propagating viruses that replicate slowly.
Vero F6 is a cell transfected with the gene encoding HHV-1 entry protein glycoprotein-H (gH).[8] Vero F6 was transfected via a concatenated plasmid with the gH gene after a copy of the HHV-1 glycoprotein-D (gD) promoter region. In Vero lineage F6, expression of gH is under the control of the promoter region of gD. (Also F6B2; obs. F6B1.1)

See also

References

  1. ↑ History and Characterization of the Vero Cell Line -- A Report prepared by CDR Rebecca Sheets, Ph.D., USPHS CBER/OVRR/DVRPA/VVB for the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting to be held on May 12, 2000 OPEN SESSION www.fda.gov pdf
  2. ↑ Yasumura Y, Kawakita M (1963). "The research for the SV40 by means of tissue culture technique". Nippon Rinsho. 21 (6): 1201–1219.
  3. ↑ Shimizu B (1993). Seno K, Koyama H, Kuroki T, eds. Manual of selected cultured cell lines for bioscience and biotechnology (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan. pp. 299–300. ISBN 4-320-05386-9.
  4. ↑ "Main Types of Cell Culture". Fundamental Techniques in Cell Culture: a Laboratory Handbook. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  5. ↑ Desmyter J, Melnick JL, Rawls WE (October 1968). "Defectiveness of Interferon Production and of Rubella Virus Interference in a Line of African Green Monkey Kidney Cells (Vero)". J. Virol. 2 (10): 955–61. PMC 375423Freely accessible. PMID 4302013.
  6. 1 2 3 Osada N, Kohara A, Yamaji T, Hirayama N, Kasai F, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Hanada K (2014). "The genome landscape of the African green monkey kidney-derived Vero cell line". DNA Research. 21: 673–83. doi:10.1093/dnares/dsu029.
  7. ↑ Haus T, Akom E, Agwanda B, Hofreiter M, Roos C, Zinner D (2013). "Mitochondrial diversity and distribution of African green monkeys (Chlorocebus gray, 1870)". American Journal of Primatology. 75: 350–60. doi:10.1002/ajp.22113.
  8. ↑ Forrester A, Farrell H, Wilkinson G, Kaye J, Davis-Poynter N, Minson T (1 January 1992). "Construction and properties of a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 with glycoprotein H coding sequences deleted". J Virol. 66 (1): 341–8. PMC 238293Freely accessible. PMID 1309250.
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