2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles

2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles (Confederate)

Arkansas state flag
Active 1861–1865
Country Confederate States of America
Allegiance CSA
Branch Infantry
Engagements

American Civil War

The 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment that served during the American Civil War. Raised in 1861, the regiment consisted of nine companies, which were drawn from various counties in Arkansas. Throughout the course of the war, the 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles fought in a number of battles, including those at Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge, and participated in a number of campaigns such as Tullahoma, Atlanta and the Carolinas. The regiment's final battle came at Bentonville in March 1865 after which its remaining personnel were consolidated into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles.

Organization

The 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles was organized in the summer of 1861, with James McIntosh appointed as Colonel. Other appointments upon establishment included: Ben T. Embry, Lieutenant Colonel; Brown, Major; W. D. DeBerry, Surgeon; W. A. C. Sayle, Assistant Surgeon. The regiment was inducted into Confederate Service on June 15, 1861 at Osage Prairie, outside Bentonville, Arkansas. The unit was composed of volunteer companies from the following counties:[2]

General McIntosh was killed at the battle of Elkhorn Tavern, or Pea Ridge. In May 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1962. All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh.[13]

When the regiment was reorganized after the battle of Shiloh, the following field officers were elected:[14] Captain Harris Flanagin was elected Colonel; Major J. A. Williamson, was elected Lieutenant-Colonel; and Captain James P. Eagle, was elected Major. Upon Colonel Flanagin being elected Governor of the State of Arkansas in 1862, Lieutenant Colonel Williamson became Colonel and Captain Eagle became the Lieutenant Colonel. Colonel Williamson lost a leg at the battle of Resaca, May, 1864, and J. T. Smith, was appointed Colonel. After Smith was killed in battle on July 28, James P. Eagle then succeeded him as Colonel of the regiment.[15]

African Americans in Confederate Service

It was not uncommon for African American slaves to accompany their Confederate masters in the army; there are several documented accounts of African Americans serving as cooks or performing other menial tasks. The 33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment even included African American cooks on its unit muster rolls.[16] However, accounts of African Americans participating in combat on behalf of the south are rare. Martin Cole's negro killed two Dutchmen and got a good gun."[17]

Battles

Colonel McIntosh was educated at the United States Military Academy. He was impetuous to a degree that scorned all caution[1] Being ordered by General McCulloch into the Indian Territory against the Creek chief, Hopoeithleyohola, he dispersed the Indian Federal organization. It is said his regiment was deployed in groups of two for five miles, when he at its head began the attack upon the Indian camp. He was speedily promoted to brigadier-general, and Embry became colonel. The regiment took part in the battles of Oak Hills and Elkhorn, and in the Kentucky campaign under E. Kirby Smith. Among its battles were Richmond, Ky., Murfreesboro, Jackson, Miss., Chickamauga, Resaca, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Lovejoy's Station, Jonesboro, Moore's Station, Franklin, Tenn., Nashville, Sugar Creek, and Bentonville, N.C.[1][1][18] In accordance with Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's Office Order Number 131,[19] ten soldiers of the regiment were recognized for courage and good conduct on the field for the Battle of Murfreesboro[20] The unit is entitled to the following Campaign Participation Credits:

Hezekiah L Cash, Company E, 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles

After the Battle of Nashville, Tennessee, the Arkansas regiments of Reynolds' Brigade marched via Bainbridge, Alabama, Tuscumbia, Iuka and Corinth to Tupelo, Mississippi, where they went into camp on January 10, 1865. They departed Tupelo on January 30 and marched to West Point, Mississippi. From West Point they traveled by rail to Selma, Alabama. From Selma they traveled by steamboat to Montgomery, then by rail to Columbus, Georgia. From Columbus they marched via Macon and Milledgeville to Mayfield, Georgia. From Mayfield they traveled by rail to Augusta, Georgia. From there they marched to Newberry, South Carolina. On March 19, 1865, they fought their last major engagement at the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina. They then marched to Smithfield, North Carolina, where the entire brigade was consolidated into a single understrength regiment, the 1st Consolidated Mounted Rifles on April 9, 1865.[23]

Consolidation and surrender

On April 9, 1865, the depleted Arkansas regiments of Daniel H. Reynolds' Brigade, Walthall's Division, Confederate Army of Tennessee, were consolidated into a single regiment the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles, at Smithfield, North Carolina. The companies of the consolidated regiment were drawn from the following Arkansas regiments:[24]

Company A — 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
Company B — 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
Company C — 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
Company D — 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
Company E — 4th Arkansas Infantry.
Company F — 4th Arkansas Infantry.
Company G — 31st Arkansas Infantry.
Company H — 9th Arkansas Infantry.
Company I — 9th Arkansas Infantry.
Company K — 25th Arkansas Infantry.

The 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Greensboro, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. The regiment was paroled on May 1, 1865, at Jamestown, North Carolina.[24] After the surrender, the men were offered free rail transportation (where available) in the direction of their homes, by what was left of the Southern railway companies. Most of the men traveled by rail, where they could. A large number of men were killed or seriously injured in a railroad accident at Flat Creek Bridge, Tennessee on May 25, 1865.[23]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Sikakis, Stewart, Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Florida and Arkansas, Facts on File, Inc., 1992, ISBN 978-0-8160-2288-5, page 118.
  2. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., "2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 30 January 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtf&s.html
  3. ↑ Scott, M. C., "Record of Co. A, Second Arkansas Mounted Rifles", BOONEVILLE DEMOCRAT in 1977, GenealogyForum.com, http://www.genealogyforum.com/files/AR/2ndARMountedRifles.htm
  4. ↑ Henry, Dr. J. A. History of Company B, 2nd Regiment Arkansas Mounted Rifles, Accessed 9 August 2011, http://users.totalspeed.net/tholmes/2nd%20Mounted%20Arkansas%20Rifles.htm
  5. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY C, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES " Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcoc.html
  6. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY D, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES " Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcod.html
  7. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY E, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES " Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcoe.html
  8. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY F, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES " Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcof.html
  9. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY G, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES ", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcog.html
  10. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY H, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES ", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
  11. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., "COMPANY I, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES ", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcoi.html
  12. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " COMPANY K, 2D ARKANSAS MOUNTED RIFLES ", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 15 October 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/2ndmtcok.html
  13. ↑ Howerton, Bryan, "14th Arkansas Regiment, No. 1", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Accessed 29 July 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=14705
  14. ↑ Harrell, John M., "Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History", Volume 10.2, Arkansas, Page 321, Accessed 1 August 2011, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2001.05.0254%3Achapter%3D11%3Apage%3D321
  15. ↑ Harrell, John M., "Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History", Volume 10.2, Arkansas, Page 285, Accessed 1 August 2011, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2001.05.0254%3Achapter%3D11%3Apage%3D285
  16. ↑ Gerdes, Edward G., " 33RD ARKANSAS INFANTRY REGIMENT ", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 9 August 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/33rdf&s.html
  17. ↑ Callaway. Jonathan W., Letters and papers, 1861–1864; 1 roll. University of Arkansas Libraries, Special Collections, Manuscript Resources for the Civil War, http://libinfo.uark.edu/specialcollections/research/guides/civilwarfull.asp
  18. ↑ National Park Service, Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, Confederate Arkansas Troops, 25th Regiment, Arkansas Infantry. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  19. ↑ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/982/?q=McGregor : accessed June 29, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  20. ↑ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 974; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629 : accessed 7 February 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  21. ↑ Michael A. Hughes, "Chustenahlah, Battle of." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
  22. ↑ Cleburne's Pickett's Mill Battle Report, O.R.– SERIES 1–VOLUME XXXVIII/3, May I-September 8, 1864. – THE ATLANTA (GEORGIA) CAMPAIGN, No. 608.–Report of Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne, C. S. Army, commanding division, of operations May 7–27, republished at Pickett's Mill Battlefield Historic Site, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Accessed 15 February 2012, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
  23. 1 2 Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: 25 Infantry Company C", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 20 March 2005, Accessed 8 February 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/arch_config.pl?read=9849
  24. 1 2 Bryan Howerton, "1st Consolidated Mounted Rifles", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted, 5 January 2009, 8:58 am" Accessed 6 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=19347

Bibliography

External links

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