City of Wollongong

City of Wollongong New South Wales
Location in NSW
Coordinates	34°25′S 150°53′E / 34.417°S 150.883°E / -34.417; 150.883Coordinates: 34°25′S 150°53′E / 34.417°S 150.883°E / -34.417; 150.883
Population	208,875 (2015)[1] (17th)
• Density	305.37/km2 (790.9/sq mi)
Established	1942 (as the City of Wollongong)
Area	684 km2 (264.1 sq mi)
Lord Mayor	Gordon Bradbery
Council seat	Wollongong[2]
Region	Illawarra
State electorate(s)	Wollongong Keira Shellharbour Heathcote
Federal Division(s)	Cunningham Throsby
Website	City of Wollongong
LGAs around City of Wollongong: Campbelltown, Wollondilly Sutherland Tasman Sea Wingecarribee City of Wollongong Tasman Sea Wingecarribee Shellharbour Tasman Sea

The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea, the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line.

Located 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Sydney central business district, the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres (276 sq mi) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north, Lake Illawarra to the south, the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west.

The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr. Gordon Bradbery, an independent politician.

Localities

The area covers the northern and central suburbs of Wollongong, bounded by Helensburgh in the north, the Illawarra escarpment to the west, and by Macquarie Rivulet (Yallah, Haywards Bay) and the Lake Illawarra entrance (Windang) to the south.^[2]

Demographics

At the 2011 census, there were 192,418 people in the City of Wollongong local government area, of these 49.5 per cent were male and 50.5 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.2 per cent of the population, which was marginally lower than the national and state averages of 2.5 per cent. The median age of people in the City of Wollongong was 38 years, slightly above the national median. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 18.5 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.4 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 48.0 per cent were married and 11.5 per cent were either divorced or separated.^[3]

Population growth in the City of Wollongong between the 2001 census and the 2006 census was 2.14 per cent; and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 census, population growth was 4.45 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78 per cent and 8.32 per cent respectively, population growth in the City of Wollongong local government area was significantly lower than the national average.^[4][5] The median weekly income for residents within the City of Wollongong was marginally lower than the national average.^[3] The forecast population growth from 2006 to 2031 is approximately 0.99% per annum.^[6]

At the 2011 census, the proportion of residents in the City of Wollongong local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Saxon exceeded 66 per cent of all residents (national average was 65.2 per cent). In excess of 59% of all residents in the City of Wollongong nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2011 census, which was slightly higher than the national average of 50.2 per cent. Meanwhile, as at the census date, compared to the national average, households in the City of Wollongong local government area had a marginally lower than average proportion (20.2 per cent) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 20.4 per cent); and a slightly higher proportion (79.4 per cent) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 76.8 per cent).^[3]

Selected historical census data for the City of Wollongong local government area
Census year			2001[4]	2006[5]	2011[3]
Population		Estimated residents on Census night	180,358	184,212	192,418
		LGA rank in terms of size within New South Wales
		% of New South Wales population			2.78%
		% of Australian population	0.96%	0.93%	0.89%
Cultural and language diversity
Ancestry, top responses		Australian			26.9%
		English			25.8%
		Irish			7.3%
		Scottish			6.8%
		Italian			4.6%
Language, top responses (other than English)		Macedonian	3.2%	2.9%	2.7%
		Italian	2.9%	2.5%	2.2%
		Arabic	n/c	0.8%	1.1%
		Mandarin	n/c	n/c	1.1%
		Greek	1.2%	1.1%	0.9%
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation, top responses		Catholic	29.6%	28.9%	28.2%
		Anglican	23.7%	22.5%	20.9%
		No Religion	11.8%	14.9%	19.6%
		Eastern Orthodox	6.3%	6.1%	5.8%
		Uniting Church	5.9%	5.3%	4.6%
Median weekly incomes
Personal income		Median weekly personal income		A$391	A$489
		% of Australian median income		83.9%	84.7%
Family income		Median weekly family income		A$1,149	A$1,426
		% of Australian median income		98.1%	96.3%
Household income		Median weekly household income		A$933	A$1,101
		% of Australian median income		90.8%	89.2%

Origins and development

The name Wollongong originated from the Aboriginal word woolyungah meaning five islands. Archeological evidence indicates that Aboriginals have lived here for at least 30,000 years. Wodi Wodi is the tribe name of the Aboriginal people of the Illawarra. Dr Charles Throsby first established a settlement in the area in 1815, bringing down his cattle from the Southern Highlands to a lagoon of fresh water located near South Beach. The earliest reference to Wollongong was in 1826, in a report written by John Oxley, about the local cedar industry. The area's first school was established in 1833, and just one year later the Surveyor-General arrived from Sydney to lay out the township of Wollongong on property owned by Charles Throsby-Smith.

The local steel industry commenced in 1927 with Charles Hoskins entering into an agreement with the New South Wales Government to build a steelworks at Port Kembla, thereby commencing a long history of steel production that still continues to this day. Operations began in 1930 with one blast furnace of 800 tons capacity. In 1936, BHP acquired Australian Iron and Steel Limited and production at Port Kembla increased rapidly. The steel industry was a catalyst for growth for many decades, and laid the foundations for the city's economy, lifestyle and culture.

Administrative history

Local government in the Illawarra region started with the passage of the District Councils Act 1842 (NSW), which allowed for limited local government in the form of a warden and between 3 and 12 councillors to be appointed by the Governor. Between July and September 1843, 28 such entities had been proclaimed by Governor George Gipps—the Illawarra District Council, the 17th to be declared, was proclaimed on 24 August 1843, with a population of 4,044 and an area of 1,708 square kilometres (659 sq mi)^[7][8] covering the coastal plain from Bulli to Nowra and including inland districts such as Kangaroo Valley.^[9] Due to various factors, the District Councils were ineffective, and most had ceased to operate by the end of the decade.^[10]

The Municipalities Act 1858 (NSW),^[11] which gave the councils more authority and which allowed for residents to petition for incorporation of areas and also to elect councillors, met with somewhat greater success. On 22 February 1859, the Municipality of Wollongong, with an area of 8 square kilometres (3 sq mi) and a population of 1,200, became the first to be proclaimed under the Act in New South Wales, with 114 residents in favour and none against. The first elections were held on 29 March 1859, with John Garrett becoming the first mayor of Wollongong.^[12]

Other entities sprang into existence thereafter to service the surrounding region. The first, on 19 August 1859, was the Central Illawarra Municipality, which extended over 339.5 square kilometres (131.1 sq mi) from Unanderra (west of Wollongong) to Macquarie Rivulet, and had a population of 2,500. After an unsuccessful attempt by Wollongong to claim the area, the region from Fairy Meadow to Bellambi separately incorporated as North Illawarra on 26 October 1868. Finally, the Shire of Bulli was proclaimed further north on 15 May 1906.^[9][12]

Wollongong was proclaimed as a city on 11 September 1942. There was considerable pressure for amalgamation of the Illawarra area, which had transformed from a disparate rural area with some coastal towns into an increasingly urban-industrial region, and on 12 September 1947, the City of Wollongong, the Shires of Bulli and Central Illawarra, and the Municipality of North Illawarra amalgamated to form the City of Greater Wollongong under the Local Government Act 1919 (NSW).^[9]

On 10 April 1970, a Lord Mayoralty was conferred on the city by Queen Elizabeth II, and on 30 October 1970, the City reverted to the name "City of Wollongong".^[9]

Its motto is "Urbs Inter Mare Montemque"—"City Between the Mountains and the Sea". Its corporate slogan is "City of Innovation".

Proposed amalgamation

A 2015 review of local government boundaries recommended that the City of Wollongong merge with the City of Shellharbour to form a new council with an area of 831 square kilometres (321 sq mi) and support a population of approximately 276,000.^[13] The outcome of an independent review is expected to be completed by mid–2016.

Council

Wollongong City Council administration building, located in Burelli Street, Wollongong.

Current composition and election method

Wollongong City Council is composed of thirteen Councillors, including the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor is directly elected while the twelve other Councillors are elected proportionally as three separate wards, each electing four Councillors. Under the Local Government (Shellharbour and Wollongong Elections) Act, 2011 (NSW) Councillors are elected to hold office until September 2016. The most recent election was held on 3 September 2011 and the makeup of the Council, including the Lord Mayor, is as follows:^[14]

The current Council, elected in 2011, in order of election by ward, is:

2008 corruption inquiry

In February 2008, both elected officers and staff of Wollongong City Council were the centre of a major Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) inquiry. The inquiry revealed favourable treatment of local developers by certain Council staff. The inquiry heard evidence that a council planner had been sexually involved with three developers whilst assessing their developments. There was also evidence presented of an impersonation of ICAC officers and plans of intimidation.^[18] This attracted significant media attention and renewed calls for tightening of rules of developer donations to political parties.^[19][20][21] The Premier Morris Iemma also agreed that rules would be tightened as several of his Ministers were implicated in this scandal.^[22] On 4 March 2008, following recommendations from Commissioner Jerrold Cripps QC, the Minister for Local Government requested the Governor of New South Wales to dismiss the council and install a panel of administrators (Gabrielle Kibble AO, Dr Colin Gellatly and Robert McGregor AM^[23]) for four years^[24] citing clear evidence of systemic corruption in Council.^[25]

In October 2008, the ICAC referred briefs of evidence in relation to all eleven persons found to have acted corruptly to the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP). After considering the evidence available, the DPP commenced action and was successful in recording convictions for three of the eleven people ICAC found to have acted in a corrupt manner. A summary of the individuals concerned, and the determinations made by the Courts are as follows:^[26][27][28]

The NSW Government installed administrators to run the Council. Dr Col Gellatly, Robert McGregor and Gabrielle Kibble were appointed to the administrator roles, but as of January 2010 Mrs Kibble resigned and was replaced by Richard Colley.^[29][30] Following the passing and assent of the Local Government (Shellharbour and Wollongong Elections) Act, 2011 (NSW), local government elections were re-instituted in 2011, and a new Council elected, replacing the administrators.

Culture

Wollongong is proud of its industrial roots, and is still known and acknowledged as one of Australia's leading industrial centres. While steel and other manufacturing industries remain an essential part of the local economy, the city has long recognised the need to diversify its economic base. Construction of the Sea Cliff Bridge to the north has given even more focus to the burgeoning tourism industry, and information technology, hospitality, health services and telecommunications continue to grow as key industries of the region.

Wollongong enjoys a rich sense of community and cultural heritage, with people from more than 30 different language groups and 20 religious backgrounds living in harmony. A deep respect for others' traditions and regular celebrations of diverse customs add to the vibrant tapestry of community life and provide another dimension to our increasingly sophisticated city.

See also

• Wollongong

External links

• Wollongong City Council

References