List of sovereign states in 1990
Sovereign states by year | ||
---|---|---|
List of sovereign states in 1989 | Events of 1990 | List of sovereign states in 1991 |
Internationally recognized sovereign states
A
Afghanistan - Republic of Afghanistan, UN member State
Albania – People's Socialist Republic of Albania, UN member State
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member State
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Angola – People's Republic of Angola, UN member State
Antigua and Barbuda – UN member State
Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member State
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member State
Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member State
B
The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas, UN member State
Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member State
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh, UN member State
Barbados – UN member State
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member State
Belize – UN member State
- People's Republic of Benin (to 1 March), UN member State
- Republic of Benin (from 1 March), UN member State
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member State
Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member State
Bophuthatswana – Republic of Bophuthatswana (nominally independent South African bantustan)
Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member State
Bougainville – Republic of Bougainville (de facto independent state, from 17 May)
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member State
Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member State
- People's Republic of Bulgaria (to 15 November), UN member State
- Republic of Bulgaria (from 15 November), UN member State
Burkina Faso - UN member State
Burma Myanmar
Burundi - Republic of Burundi, UN member State
Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
C
Cambodia Kampuchea
Cambodia, State of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon, UN member State
Canada – UN member State
Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde, UN member state
Central African Republic, UN member State
Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member State
Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member State
China, People's Republic of – UN member State
China, Republic of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
Ciskei – Republic of Ciskei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member State
Comoros - Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member State
Congo - People's Republic of Congo, UN member State
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Zaire
Cook Islands (A state in free association with New Zealand)
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member State
Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (to 29 March)
- Czechoslovak Federative Republic (from 29 March to 20 April)
- Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (from 23 April)
D
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member State
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti, UN member State
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica, UN member State
Dominican Republic, UN member State
E
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member State
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member State
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member State
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member State
Ethiopia - People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member State
F
- Republic of Fiji (to 25 July), UN member State
- Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (from 25 July), UN member State
Finland – Republic of Finland, UN member State
France – French Republic, UN member State
G
Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member State
The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member State
East Germany – German Democratic Republic (to 3 October)
West Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (to 3 October)
Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (from 3 October)
Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member State
Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member State
Grenada - UN member State
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member State
Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member State
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member State
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member State
H
Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member State
Holy See Vatican City
I
Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member State
India – Republic of India, UN member State
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member State
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member State
Iraq - Republic of Iraq, UN member State
Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member State
Israel – State of Israel, UN member State (wasn't recognized by 21 UN member States)
Italy – Italian Republic, UN member State
Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, UN member State
J
Jamaica - UN member State
Japan - UN member State
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, UN member State
K
Democratic Kampuchea / Cambodia
- Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (to 3 February), UN member State
- National Government of Cambodia (from 3 February), UN member State
Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member State
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn't recognized by 4 UN member States)
South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn't recognized by 3 UN member States at greatest extent)
Kuwait – State of Kuwait (to 8 August), UN member State
L
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN member State
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member State
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member State
Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member State
Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member State
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member State from 18 September
Lithuania - Republic of Lithuania (from 11 March, de facto independent state)
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member State
M
Madagascar - Democratic Republic of Madagascar, UN member State
Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state
Malaysia - UN member State
Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member State
Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member State
Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member State
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member State
Mauritius - UN member State
Federated States of Micronesia (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member State
Mindanao – Federal Republic of Mindanao (de facto independent state from 4 October to 6 October)
Monaco – Principality of Monaco, Permanent observer at the UN
Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic, UN member State
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member State
- People's Republic of Mozambique (to 30 November), UN member State
- Republic of Mozambique (from 30 November), UN member State
Myanmar – Union of Myanmar, UN member State
N
Namibia – Republic of Namibia (from 21 March), UN member State
Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member State
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member State
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member State
New Zealand - UN member State
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member State
Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member State
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member State
Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand)
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state)
Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member State
O
Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member State
P
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
Palestine - State of Palestine (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem)
Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member State
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member State
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member State
Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member State
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member State
Poland – Republic of Poland, UN member State
Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state
Q
Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member State
R
Romania – UN member State
Russia - Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (from 12 June, de facto independent sovereign state, Republic within the Soviet Union)
Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state
S
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, UN member State
Saint Lucia, UN member State
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, UN member State
Samoa Western Samoa
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member State
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member State
Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member State
Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member State
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member State
Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member State
Solomon Islands - UN member State
Somalia - Somali Democratic Republic, UN member State
South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member State
Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member State
Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member State
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member State
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member State
Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member State
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member State
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member State
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member State
T
Taiwan China, Republic of
Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity)
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member State
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member State
Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member State
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member State
Transkei – Republic of Transkei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member State
Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member State
Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member State
Tuvalu
U
Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member State
Ukraine – Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates - UN member State
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member State
United States – United States of America, UN member State
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member State
USSR Soviet Union
V
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member State
Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
Venda – Republic of Venda (nominally independent South African bantustan)
Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member State
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member State
W
Western Samoa - Independent State of Western Samoa, UN member State
Y
Yemen – Republic of Yemen (from 22 May), UN member State
North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic (to 22 May), UN member State
South Yemen - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (to 22 May), UN member State
Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member State
Z
Zaire - Republic of Zaire, UN member State
Zambia - Republic of Zambia, UN member State
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe, UN member State
Non-sovereign territories
Australia
-
Ashmore and Cartier Islands - The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
-
Australian Antarctic Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
-
Christmas Island - The Territory of Christmas Island (External territory)
-
Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory)
-
Coral Sea Islands - The Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
-
Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
-
Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory)
Denmark
-
Faroe Islands (Constituent country)
-
Greenland (Constituent country)
Finland
-
Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)
France
-
French Polynesia (Overseas territory), with Clipperton Island
-
French Southern and Antarctic Lands - The Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory)
-
Mayotte (Overseas territory)
- New Caledonia (Overseas territory)
-
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas territory)
- Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
- Bassas da India (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Europa Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Glorioso Islands (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
- Juan de Nova Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Tromelin Island (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
-
Wallis and Futuna - The Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)
Greece
-
Mount Athos (Autonomous monastic state)
Netherlands
-
Aruba (Autonomous country)
-
Netherlands Antilles (Autonomous country)
New Zealand
- Ross Dependency (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
-
Tokelau
Norway
- Bouvet Island
- Peter I Island (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
- Queen Maud Land (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Portugal
United Kingdom
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia - Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Dependent territory)
-
Anguilla (Dependent territory)
-
Bermuda (Dependent territory)
-
British Antarctic Territory (Dependent territory suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
-
British Indian Ocean Territory (Dependent territory disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
-
British Virgin Islands (Dependent territory)
-
Cayman Islands (Dependent territory)
-
Falkland Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
-
Gibraltar (Dependent territory)
-
Hong Kong (Dependent territory)
-
Montserrat (Dependent territory)
-
Pitcairn Islands (Dependent territory)
-
Saint Helena (Dependent territory), with two dependencies:
-
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
-
Turks and Caicos Islands (Dependent territory)
-
Guernsey - The Bailiwick of Guersney (Crown depedency), with three dependencies:
-
Isle of Man (Crown depedency)
-
Jersey - The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown depedency)
United States
-
American Samoa (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)
-
Guam (Insular area)
-
Northern Mariana Islands - The Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (Insular area)
-
Puerto Rico - The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area)
-
United States Virgin Islands - Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area)
- Baker Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Howland Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Jarvis Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Kingman Reef (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Midway Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Navassa Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
- Wake Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)
-
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, consisting of one territory
Other states
-
Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[1] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[2]
-
Estonia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
-
Latvia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
-
Lithuania was administered as a part of the Soviet Union until this year, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
-
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[3] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." [4] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population..
-
West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October.
References
- ↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
- ↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
- ↑ Bilateral relations with countries, Retrieved 2011-12-22
- ↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.
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