Pézenas

Pézenas

A general view of Pézenas

Coat of arms
Pézenas

Coordinates: 43°27′38″N 3°25′25″E / 43.4606°N 3.4236°E / 43.4606; 3.4236Coordinates: 43°27′38″N 3°25′25″E / 43.4606°N 3.4236°E / 43.4606; 3.4236
Country France
Region Occitanie
Department Hérault
Arrondissement Béziers
Canton Pézenas
Intercommunality Hérault Méditerranée
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Alain Vogel-Singer
Area1 29.56 km2 (11.41 sq mi)
Population (2012)2 8,317
 • Density 280/km2 (730/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 34199 / 34120
Elevation 3–96 m (9.8–315.0 ft)
(avg. 15 m or 49 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Pézenas is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

Name

"Pézenas" is derived from the older name Piscenae, probably from the Latin word piscenis, meaning fishpond. According to legend, there was a lake full of fish behind the château. Inhabitants of Pézenas are Piscenois.

Origins

The origins of Pézenas are unclear, but were influenced by three factors: water from the River Peyne, an ancient pre-Roman route from Rodez to Saint-Thibéry and a defensive hill site.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17937,149—    
18006,903−3.4%
18068,059+16.7%
18218,250+2.4%
18317,847−4.9%
18367,978+1.7%
18417,759−2.7%
18467,713−0.6%
18517,375−4.4%
18567,215−2.2%
18617,204−0.2%
18667,574+5.1%
18727,314−3.4%
18767,966+8.9%
18817,364−7.6%
18866,927−5.9%
18916,720−3.0%
18966,595−1.9%
19017,073+7.2%
19066,928−2.1%
19116,940+0.2%
19216,946+0.1%
19267,327+5.5%
19317,364+0.5%
19366,937−5.8%
19466,397−7.8%
19546,530+2.1%
19627,198+10.2%
19689,103+26.5%
19757,707−15.3%
19827,519−2.4%
19907,613+1.3%
19997,443−2.2%
20058,511+14.3%
20068,484−0.3%
20108,251−2.7%
20128,317+0.8%

Sights

For details of the castle site, see Château de Pézenas.

Pézenas has had a Protected Area (Secteur sauvegardé) since June 1965, the 14th created by the French Ministry of Culture. The ministry lists 116 historical edifices in Pézenas,[1] more than 30 of which are protected after being classified "Historical Monuments". The main sights include:

Transport

Personalities

Pézenas was the birthplace of:

People linked with Pézenas

Local specialities

Le petit pâté de Pézenas

The size and shape of a large cotton reel, these little sweet, spiced mutton pies are a golden brown, crispy pastry with a moist, sweet inside. They can be eaten as an hors d'oeuvre, with a salad or as a dessert. They are cooked in patisseries all over the town, but their origin is far from local. Tradition has it that Lord Clive brought the recipe from India and taught it to the pastry makers of Pézenas when he was staying at the Château de Larzac in 1768. It is more likely is that his servants were responsible.

In the BBC TV programme MasterChef: The Professionals, broadcast on 27 November 2012, Michel Roux, Jr. demonstrated how to cook the dish and set it as the classic recipe for contestants to make.[4]

Le Poulain de Pézenas

The Poulain from Pézenas (visiting Steenvoorde, in northeast France, for the Festival of Giants in 2006)

Like several of the surrounding towns and villages, Pézenas has a "totem animal"; in this case a huge hobby horse called Le Poulain (lo poulain or lo polin in Occitan), which means "the colt". It is said to commemorate a visit to the town in 1226 by Louis VIII, during which the king's favourite mare fell ill. She had to be left behind in Pézenas while Louis continued with the Albigensian Crusade. On his return he was astonished to find that not only was his mare now fully recovered, but she had also given birth to a fine colt, which was duly presented to him, adorned with ribbons. In return he decreed that the town should construct a wooden colt to be used to celebrate all its public festivities. The first mention of the custom is in 1615. The earliest publication of the legend accounting for the horse's existence dates from 1701.[5]

The Poulain appears for Mardi Gras and other festive occasions.[6] It is carried by nine men and led by another, accompanied by a band of musicians. The Poulain has a realistically carved wooden head, with snapping jaws and an extending neck that can reach up to first-floor windows; l'obole (small amounts of money) or other offerings put into its mouth tumble down inside its neck. Its semi-cylindrical body is covered with a dark blue cloth decorated with stars and the coat of arms of Pézenas. Below the frame it has a tricolor skirt.[7]

The Poulain carries two effigies on its back, one male, one female, called Estieinou and Estieinette or Estieineta (sometimes spelled Estiénon and Estiéneta in the French manner), recalling another royal occasion when Louis XIII visited the town in 1622. A follower of the King, the Maréchal de Bassompierre, was crossing the river Peyne on horseback. He saw a peasant-woman attempting the crossing on foot and gallantly offered her a seat on his horse. The unlikely couple's arrival in the town caused great amusement and the two effigies were made to remember the event.[8]

International relations

Pézenas is twinned with Market Drayton, UK, birthplace of Lord Clive.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ministry of Culture database: Architectural listings in Pézenas
  2. ↑ Ministry of Culture: Théâtre, ancienne église des Pénitents Noirs (French)
  3. ↑ Pézenas Val d'Hérault Guide touristique 2013 - 2014, p12
  4. ↑ MasterChef: The Professionals, episode 14, series 5
  5. ↑ Bastian, Jean-Marie, "Le Poulain, Pézenas", pp2–4, Cercle de Collectionneurs de Pézenas, May 2009
  6. ↑ Bastian, Jean-Marie, "Le Poulain, Pézenas", pp6–&, Cercle de Collectionneurs de Pézenas, May 2009
  7. ↑ Bastian, Jean-Marie, "Le Poulain, Pézenas", pp9–10 & 22, Cercle de Collectionneurs de Pézenas, May 2009
  8. ↑ Bastian, Jean-Marie, "Le Poulain, Pézenas", pp2–3, Cercle de Collectionneurs de Pézenas, May 2009

Further reading

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