Sarmazenil
Sarmazenil (Ro15-3505) is a drug from the benzodiazepine family. It acts as a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors,[1] meaning that it causes the opposite effects to most benzodiazepine drugs, and instead acts as an anxiogenic and convulsant. It is used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine sedative drugs in order to rapidly re-awaken anesthetized animals.[2][3][4]
See also
References
- ↑ López-Romero B; Evrard G; Durant F; Sevrin M; George P (1998). "Molecular structure and stereoelectronic properties of sarmazenil--a weak inverse agonist at the omega modulatory sites (benzodiazepine receptors): comparison with bretazenil and flumazenil". Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (10): 1745–57. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00117-5. PMID 9839004.
- ↑ Henke J; Roberts U; Otto K; Lendl C; Matis U; Brill T; Erhardt W (1996). "Clinical investigations of an i.m. combination anesthesia with fentanyl / climazolam / xylazine and postoperative i.v. antagonism with naloxone / sarmazenil / yohimbine in guinea pigs". Tierärztliche Praxis (in German). 24 (1): 85–7. PMID 8720962.
- ↑ Janovsky M; Tataruch F; Ambuehl M; Giacometti M (2000). "A Zoletil-Rompun mixture as an alternative to the use of opioids for immobilization of feral red deer". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 36 (4): 663–9. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-36.4.663. PMID 11085427.
- ↑ Walzer C; Huber C (2002). "Partial antagonism of tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in cheetah". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 38 (2): 468–72. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.468. PMID 12038151.
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Receptor (ligands) | | Agonists | |
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| PAMs |
- (Abridged; see here for a full list): α-EMTBL
- Alcohols (e.g., ethanol)
- Anabolic steroids
- Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
- Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
- Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide)
- Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate)
- Carbamazepine
- Chloralose
- Chlormezanone
- Clomethiazole
- Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
- Etazepine
- Etifoxine
- Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid)
- Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin)
- Fluoxetine
- Flupirtine
- Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate)
- Kava constituents (e.g., kavain)
- Lanthanum
- Loreclezole
- Monastrol
- Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol)
- Niacin
- Nicotinamide (niacinamide)
- Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon))
- Norfluoxetine
- Petrichloral
- Phenols (e.g., propofol)
- Phenytoin
- Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide)
- Propanidid
- Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate)
- Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone)
- Retigabine (ezogabine)
- ROD-188
- Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)
- Stiripentol
- Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal))
- Topiramate
- Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid)
- Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane)
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| NAMs |
- 1,3M1B
- 3M2B
- 11-Ketoprogesterone
- 17-Phenylandrostenol
- α5IA (LS-193,268)
- β-CCB
- β-CCE
- β-CCM
- β-CCP
- β-EMGBL
- Anabolic steroids
- Amiloride
- Anisatin
- β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
- Basmisanil
- Bemegride
- Bilobalide
- CHEB
- Cicutoxin
- Cloflubicyne
- Cyclothiazide
- DHEA
- DHEA-S
- Dieldrin
- (+)-DMBB
- DMCM
- DMPC
- EBOB
- Etbicyphat
- FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
- Fiproles (e.g., fipronil)
- Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A)
- Flumazenil
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
- Flurothyl
- Furosemide
- Iomazenil (123I)
- Isoallopregnanolone
- Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
- L-655,708
- Laudanosine
- Leptazol
- Lindane
- MaxiPost
- Morphine
- Morphine-3-glucuronide
- MRK-016
- Naloxone
- Naltrexone
- Nicardipine
- Non-steroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide)
- Oenanthotoxin
- Pentetrazol (metrazol)
- Phenylsilatrane
- Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin)
- Pregnenolone sulfate
- Propybicyphat
- PWZ-029
- Radequinil
- Ro 15-4513
- Ro 19-4603
- RO4882224
- RO4938581
- Sarmazenil
- SCS
- Suritozole
- TB-21007
- TBOB
- TBPS
- TCS-1105
- Terbequinil
- TETS
- Thujone
- U-93631
- Zinc
- ZK-93426
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See also: GHBergics • Glutamatergics • Glycinergics |