Shenkursky District

Shenkursky District
Шенкурский район (Russian)

Location of Shenkursky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Coordinates: 61°04′N 42°06′E / 61.067°N 42.100°E / 61.067; 42.100Coordinates: 61°04′N 42°06′E / 61.067°N 42.100°E / 61.067; 42.100

The Vaga River near the selo of Rovdino, Shenkursky District
Coat of arms
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Arkhangelsk Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of 2012)
Administrative center town of Shenkursk[2]
Administrative divisions:[2]
Towns of district significance 1
Selsoviets 12
Inhabited localities:[2]
Cities/towns 1
Rural localities 252
Municipal structure (as of July 2012)
Municipally incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District[3]
Municipal divisions:[3]
Urban settlements 1
Rural settlements 8
Statistics
Area 11,298 km2 (4,362 sq mi)[4]
Population (2010 Census) 15,196 inhabitants[5]
• Urban 37.5%
• Rural 62.5%
Density 1.35/km2 (3.5/sq mi)[6]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[7]
Established July 15, 1929[8]
Official website
Shenkursky District on WikiCommons

Shenkursky District (Russian: Ше́нкурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.[1] As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District.[3] It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Vinogradovsky District in the north, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the east, Ustyansky District in the southeast, Velsky District in the south, Nyandomsky District in the west, and with Plesetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 11,298 square kilometers (4,362 sq mi).[4] Its administrative center is the town of Shenkursk.[2] Population: 15,196 (2010 Census);[5] 18,680 (2002 Census);[9] 22,597 (1989 Census).[10] The population of Shenkursk accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population.[5]

Geography

The district is located in the valley of the Vaga River, a major left tributary of the Northern Dvina. A major tributary of the Vaga is the Led River (left). Some areas in the east, northeast, north, and west of the district lie in the basin of various left tributaries of the Northern Dvina. There are many glacial lakes in the district, the biggest of which is Lake Lum.

Most of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga). There are meadows in the floodplains of the river valleys, most notably the Vaga's, and swamps.

History

Coat of arms of Shenkursk from 1780

The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Historically, it was a part of Vazhsky Uyezd, a vast area including almost all of the basin of the Vaga River. Chronicles mention Shenkursk in 1229 as Sheng-Kurye.[11] In 1426, Varlaam Vazhsky, who was later beautified as a saint, founded the Vazhsky Monastery. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate, In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty. Vazhsky Uyezd was split, and the area of the current Shenkursky District became a part of the newly established Shenkursky Uyezd. In 1796, Shenkursky Uyezd was transferred to Arkhangelsk Governorate.

Shenkursk played a prominent role in the Russian Civil War. In the autumn of 1918, about six thousand British and American troops advanced south of Shenkursk. On January 19-25, the Bolshevik troops staged a counteroffensive, known as the Battle of Shenkursk. Three thousand troops, split into three armies, advancing from three sides, cut Shenkursk off, and moved the front area 90 kilometers (56 mi) north of Shenkursk.[12]

Shenkursky Uyezd remained in Arkhangelsk Governorate until 1929, when several governorates were merged into Northern Krai. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Shenkursky Uyezd was split into Shenkursky, Bereznikovsky, and Rovdinsky Districts. Shenkursky District became a part of Nyandoma Okrug of Northern Krai. Rovdinsky District, with the administration located in Rovdino, existed until 1959 (with a brief break between 1931 and 1935). On September 11, 1959, the district was abolished and split between Shenkursky and Velsky Districts; the district's administrative center Rovdino became a part of Shenkursky District.[11]

In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Shenkursky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.

Divisions

Administrative divisions

As an administrative division, the district is divided into twelve selsoviets and one urban-type settlement with jurisdictional territory (Shenkursk).[2] The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):[2]

Municipal divisions

As a municipal division, the district is divided into one urban settlement and eight rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):[3]

Economy

Industry

The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry. There is also food industry, including milk production.[13]

Transportation

One of the principal highways in Russia, M8 connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, crosses the district from south to north. Shenkursk is located several kilometers east from the highway; however, it lies on the other bank of the Vaga and is only connected with the highway by a ferry crossing. The roads on the right bank of the Vaga are minor.

The Vaga is navigable within the limits of the district, but there is no passenger navigation.

Culture and recreation

The bell-tower of the Ascencion Church in the selo of Yamskogorye

The district contains four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law, and additionally ninety-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[14] Most of these are wooden rural houses, churches, and bridges built prior to 1917.

The four objects protected at the federal level include:

The only museum in the district is Shenkursky District Museum.[16]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 Law #65-5-OZ
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 258», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 11 258, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  3. 1 2 3 4 Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
  4. 1 2 Шенкурский район (in Russian). Двина-Информ. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value is only approximate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  7. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  8. ↑ Постановление Президиума ВЦИК от 15 июля 1929 года о составе округов и районов Северного Края и их центрах (in Russian). consultant.ru. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. 1 2 МО "Шенкурское" Справка (in Russian). Администрация Шенкурского муниципального района. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  12. ↑ Шенкурская операция 1919. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  13. ↑ Агропромышленный комплекс (in Russian). Шенкурский муниципальный район. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  14. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  15. ↑ Журавлёва, Ирина (November 7, 2009). Место падкое, но отживчивое (in Russian). Pravda Severa / Правда Севера. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  16. ↑ Шенкурский районный краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved June 8, 2011.

Sources

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