2013 in spaceflight
The first launch of the Antares rocket occurred on April 21, 2013. | |
Orbital launches | |
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First | 15 January |
Last | 28 December |
Total | 81 |
Successes | 77 |
Failures | 3 |
Partial failures | 1 |
Catalogued | 78 |
National firsts | |
Satellite |
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Orbital launch |
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Rockets | |
Maiden flights |
Antares 110 Minotaur V Epsilon Kuaizhou Falcon 9 v1.1 Soyuz-2.1v |
Retirements |
Antares 110 Falcon 9 v1.0 Naro-1 |
Manned flights | |
Orbital | 5 |
Total travellers | 15 |
EVAs | 11 |
Overview of orbital spaceflight
Manned spaceflight
Five manned orbital launches were conducted during 2013, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 astronauts into orbit. All of these missions were flown using Russian Soyuz spacecraft or the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft.
Unmanned exploration
Numerous significant milestones in robotic spaceflight occurred in 2013, including the landing of China's Chang'e 3 lander at Moon's Mare Imbrium on 14 December.
Launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |
Remarks | ||||||
15 January 16:24:59[1] |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Launch Failure | |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
Briz-KM failed around the time of spacecraft separation, resulting in the loss of one satellite | ||||||
26 January 22:00 |
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MDA | Suborbital | Anti-ballistic missile test | 26 January | Successful | |
non-intercept flight test | ||||||
27 January 04:40:00 |
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CSIC | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |
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CSIC | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
27 January ~12:10 |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 11 January | Successful | ||
Target | ||||||
27 January ~12:10 |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 11 January | Successful | ||
Interceptor, successful intercept | ||||||
28 January | ![]() |
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ISA | Suborbital | Biological | 28 January | Successful[2] | |
Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 miles), carried a rhesus monkey | ||||||
29 January 22:50 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Atmospheric experiments | 29 January | Successful | |
Apogee: ~130 kilometres (81 mi) | ||||||
30 January 07:00:00 |
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KARI | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
First successful launch of Naro-1, first successful South Korean launch with Russian assistance, final flight of Naro-1 | ||||||
31 January 01:48:00 |
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NASA | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
1 February 06:56:00 |
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Intelsat | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communication | +40 seconds | Launch failure | |
First stage failure, impacted ocean at 40 seconds after launch. Accident caused by failure of the first stage hydraulic power supply unit pump at T+3.9s, which lead to loss of engine gimbal control.[3] | ||||||
6 February 16:04:24 |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
7 February 08:21 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Auroral research | 7 February | Successful | |
7 February 21:36:07 |
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AMAKA | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Hispasat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
11 February 14:41:46 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 26 July | Successful | |
11 February 18:02:00 |
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USGS | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |
13 February 09:10 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 13 February | Successful | ||
SM-3 Block 1A target | ||||||
13 February 09:15 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 13 February | Successful | ||
FTM-20, successful intercept | ||||||
15 February 16:34 |
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NASA GSFC/WFF | Suborbital | Technology | 15 February | Successful | |
Apogee: ~130 kilometres (81 mi) ? | ||||||
25 February 05:52:31 |
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IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM Test | 25 February | Successful | ||
Test flight of the Arrow-III | ||||||
25 February 12:31 |
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ISRO/CNES | Low Earth | Oceanography | In orbit | Operational | |
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DND | Low Earth | Space surveillance | In orbit | Operational | |
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CSA | Low Earth | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
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University of Vienna | Low Earth | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU Graz | Low Earth | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
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Aalborg | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SSTL | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
TUGSAT-1 is the first Austrian satellite | ||||||
1 March 15:10:13 |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 26 March 16:34 | Successful | |
11 March 06:10 |
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DoD | Suborbital | Radar target | 11 March | Successful | |
Apogee: ~300 kilometres (190 mi) | ||||||
19 March 21:21:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Missile defence | In orbit | Operational | |
26 March 19:06:48 |
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Satmex | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
28 March 20:43:20 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 35/36 | 11 September 02:58 | Successful | |
Manned flight | ||||||
4 April 21:55 |
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CSSAR | Suborbital | Environment monitoring | 4 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 191 kilometres (119 mi) | ||||||
7 April 04:55 |
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Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | ||||||
10 April | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Test flight | 10 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | ||||||
12 April 04:25 |
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DLR/ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 12 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 261 kilometres (162 mi) | ||||||
15 April 18:36:00 |
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Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
19 April 10:00:00 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth | Biological science | 19 May 03:12 | Successful | |
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SSAU | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Cosmogia | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU Berlin | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU Berlin | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU Dresden | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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OSSI | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
21 April 08:00 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Astronomy | 21 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 318 kilometres (198 mi)? | ||||||
21 April 21:00:02 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Test flight | In orbit | Successful | |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology | 27 April | Operational | |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology | 27 April | Operational | |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology | 27 April | Operational | |
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Cosmogia | Low Earth | Technology | 27 April | Operational | |
Maiden flight of Antares, COTS risk reduction flight | ||||||
23 April 17:30 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 23 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)? | ||||||
24 April 10:12:16 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 19 June | Successful | |
26 April 04:13:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |
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ITU | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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EXA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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INVAP | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
NEE-01 Pegaso is the first Ecuadorian satellite | ||||||
26 April 05:23:41 |
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VKO | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |
1 May 07:38 |
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NASA/Air Force Research Lab | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 1 May | Successful | |
Apogee: ~189 kilometres (117 mi) | ||||||
1 May 16:06:04 |
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China Satcom | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
5 May 08:30 |
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DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 May | Launch failure | ||
7 May 02:06:31 |
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ESA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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VAST | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |
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Tartu | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
ESTCube-1 is the first Estonian satellite | ||||||
7 May 07:39:00 |
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University of Illinois | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 7 May | Successful | |
Apogee: ~350 kilometres (220 mi) ? | ||||||
7 May 07:40:30 |
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University of Illinois | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 7 May | Successful | |
Apogee: ~350 kilometres (220 mi) ? | ||||||
9 May 07:23 |
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NASA/Air Force Research Lab | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 9 May | Successful | |
Apogee: ~189 kilometres (117 mi) | ||||||
11 May 05:00 |
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JHU | Suborbital | Astronomy | 11 May | Successful | |
Apogee: 280 kilometres (170 mi)? | ||||||
13 May 12:58 |
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CNSA | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 13 May | Successful | |
Apogee: 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) | ||||||
14 May 16:02:00 |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
15 May 21:38:00 |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |
16 May 03:25 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 16 May | Successful | ||
SM-3 Block 1B target | ||||||
16 May 03:30 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 16 May | Successful | ||
FTM-19, successful intercept | ||||||
22 May 13:27 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 May | Successful | ||
GT207GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | ||||||
25 May 00:27:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
28 May 20:31:24 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 36/37 | 11 November 02:49 | Successful | |
Manned flight | ||||||
3 June 09:18:31 |
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SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
5 June | ![]() |
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NSPO | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 5 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~280 kilometres (170 mi) | ||||||
5 June 21:52:11 |
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ESA | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 28 October | Successful | |
6 June 03:05 |
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Caltech | Suborbital | Astronomy | 6 June | Successful | |
Apogee: 577 kilometres (359 mi) | ||||||
6 June 17:45 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 June | Successful | ||
7 June 18:37:59 |
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VKO | Low Earth | Optical reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |
11 June 09:38:02 |
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CASC | Low Earth (Tiangong-1) | Technology | 26 June 00:07 | Successful | |
China's fifth manned spaceflight mission (2 men, 1 woman astronaut) to Tiangong-1 space lab. | ||||||
20 June 09:30 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 20 June | Successful | |
Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi) | ||||||
21 June 13:57 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Student experiments | 21 June | Successful | |
Mission SL-7, Apogee: 119 kilometres (74 mi), successfully recovered | ||||||
25 June 17:28:48 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |
25 June 19:27:03 |
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O3b Networks | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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O3b Networks | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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O3b Networks | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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O3b Networks | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
27 June 16:53:00 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth | Radar imaging[4] | In orbit | Operational | |
27 June 23:52 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 27 June | Successful | |
Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi), 12 Super Loki meteorological rockets were also launched | ||||||
28 June 02:27:46 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Solar astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
1 July 18:11 |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |
2 July 02:38:22 |
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VKO | Intended: Medium Earth | Navigation | 2 July | Launch failure | |
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VKO | Intended: Medium Earth | Navigation | |||
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VKS | Intended: Medium Earth | Navigation | |||
First stage guidance failure due to angular velocity sensors installed upside down, rocket crashed near launch pad[5] | ||||||
4 July 14:31:00 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Geospace | 4 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 135 kilometres (84 mi) | ||||||
4 July 14:31:15 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Geospace | 4 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 160 kilometres (99 mi) | ||||||
5 July 18:29 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 5 July | Successful | ||
5 July 18:35 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 5 July | Spacecraft failure | ||
FTG-07, intercept failed, EKV likely failed to separate from booster | ||||||
12 July | ![]() |
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Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 July | Successful | ||
15 July 05:53 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Technology | 15 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi) | ||||||
15 July 09:27:03 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
19 July 13:00:00 |
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US Navy | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |
19 July 23:37:55 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
20 July 14:00:00 |
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JAXA/KU/HU/KUT/TU/TPU/ TU/UT/NU/CU/GSFC |
Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 20 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 139 kilometres (86 mi) | ||||||
20 July 14:57:00 |
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JAXA/KU/HU/KUT/TU/TPU/ TU/UT/NU/CU/GSFC |
Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 20 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 316 kilometres (196 mi) | ||||||
25 July 19:54:07 |
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ESA/Inmarsat | Geosynchronous | Technology / Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |
First Alphabus satellite | ||||||
27 July 20:45:08 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 11 February 2014 | Successful | |
3 August 19:48:46 |
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JAXA | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 7 September | Successful | |
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NASA Ames | Low Earth | Technology | 16 January 2014 | ||
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VNSC | Low Earth | Technology | 28 February 2014 | ||
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NanoSatisfi Inc. | Low Earth | Technology | 16 April 2014 | ||
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NanoSatisfi Inc. | Low Earth | Technology | 15 April 2014 | Operational | |
8 August 00:29:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
8 August 18:10 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Solar research | 8 August | Successful | |
Apogee: 280 kilometres (170 mi)? | ||||||
12 August 03:45 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | ||||||
13 August 10:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Student experiments | 13 August | Successful | |
Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi)? | ||||||
22 August 14:39:13 |
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KARI | Low Earth | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |
28 August 18:03:00 |
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NRO | Low Earth | Optical Imaging [6] | In orbit | Operational | |
NRO Launch 65, final KH-11 satellite | ||||||
29 August 20:30:07 |
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Eutelsat / Es'hailSat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
31 August 20:05:00 |
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SCL | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
1 September 19:16 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | |
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CNSA | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | |
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CNSA | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | |
3 September 06:16 |
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Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 3 September | Successful | ||
Arrow-3 tracking target, Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi) | ||||||
6 September 05:20 |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 September | Launch failure | ||
Second stage failure | ||||||
7 September 03:27:00 |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | 18 April 2014 04:30 | Successful | |
Maiden flight of Minotaur V, first Lunar launch from MARS | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 10 September | Successful | ||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 10 September | Successful | ||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean | ![]() | |||
MDA/IMDO | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 September | Successful | ||
Target for THAAD, successful intercept | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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MDA/IMDO | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 September | Successful | ||
Target for SM-3, successful intercept | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 September | Successful | |
Intercepted target missile | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 September | Successful | |
Intercepted target missile | ||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 September | Successful | |
Back-up interceptor for SM-3 | ||||||
11 September 23:23:04 |
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Gonets SatCom | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Gonets SatCom | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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Gonets SatCom | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
12 September | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 12 September | Successful | ||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | ||||||
12 September | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 12 September | Successful | ||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | ||||||
14 September 05:00:00 |
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JAXA | Low Earth | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
Maiden flight of the Epsilon rocket | ||||||
15 September 09:20 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Test flight | 15 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi), second flight of Agni-V | ||||||
18 September 08:10:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |
18 September 11:15 |
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University of Queensland | Suborbital | Technology | 18 September | Launch failure | |
Hypersonic research experiment, first stage failure of launch vehicle | ||||||
18 September 14:58:02 |
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![]() S.S. G. David Low |
NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics/test flight | 23 October 18:16 | Successful | |
Maiden flight of Cygnus, COTS demonstration flight, final flight of Antares 110 | ||||||
19 September 00:30 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 19 September | Successful | ||
SM-3 Block 1B target | ||||||
19 September 00:32 ? |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 19 September | Successful | ||
FTM-21, successful intercept | ||||||
19 September 00:32 ? |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 19 September | Successful | ||
FTM-21, Back-up interceptor | ||||||
22 September 10:01 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 September | Successful | ||
GT209GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | ||||||
23 September 03:07:11 |
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CMA | Low Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |
25 September 04:37[7] |
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CAS | Low Earth | Optical imaging | In orbit | Operational | |
Maiden flight of Kuaizhou | ||||||
25 September 20:58:50 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 37/38 | 11 March 2014 03:24 | Successful | |
Manned flight | ||||||
26 September 10:33 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 September | Successful | ||
GT208GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | ||||||
29 September 16:00:00 |
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MDA Corporation | Low Earth | Communication/science[8] | In orbit | Operational | |
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Cornell | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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CU-Boulder | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Drexel | Low Earth | Atmospheric research | In orbit | Operational | |
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Drexel | Low Earth | Atmospheric research | In orbit | Operational | |
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Drexel | Low Earth | Atmospheric research | In orbit | Operational | |
Maiden flight of Falcon 9 v1.1 | ||||||
29 September 21:38:10 |
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SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
4 October 05:33 |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 4 October | Successful | ||
SM-3 Block 1B target | ||||||
4 October 05:37 ? |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 4 October | Successful | ||
FTM-22, successful intercept | ||||||
7 October 03:45 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | ||||||
8 October 06:50 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | ||||||
10 October 13:39 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 October | Successful | ||
Test of a new experimental reentry vehicle | ||||||
21 October 10:00[10] |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 21 October | Successful | |
Apogee: 273 kilometres (170 mi) | ||||||
25 October 03:50:03 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
25 October 18:08:54 |
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Sirius Satellite Radio | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
29 October 02:50:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |
30 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | ||
30 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | ||
30 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | ||
30 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | ||
3 November 09:25 |
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X-ray Quantum Calorimeter | UW-Madison | Suborbital | X-ray astronomy | 3 November | Successful | |
Apogee: 278 kilometres (173 mi) | ||||||
5 November 09:08 [11] |
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ISRO | Areocentric orbit | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Operational | |
India's first interplanetary mission | ||||||
7 November 04:14:15 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 38/39 | 14 May 2014 01:58 | Successful | |
Manned flight | ||||||
8 November | ![]() |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~500 kilometres (310 mi)? | ||||||
11 November 23:46:00 |
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VKS | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
12 November 16:15 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Six technology experiments | 12 November | Successful | |
Mission SL-8, Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi), successfully recovered | ||||||
18 November 18:28:00 |
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NASA | Planned: Areocentric orbit | Martian research and remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |
NASA space probe to study the Martian atmosphere[12] | ||||||
20 November 01:15:00 |
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ORS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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USAF STP | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ORS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ORS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ORS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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SOCOM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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USAF SMC | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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USAF SMC | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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NASA/NRO | Low Earth | Atmospheric | In orbit | Operational | |
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LLNL | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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West Point | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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NPS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Drexel | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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St. Louis | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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UAH | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TJHSST | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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UNM | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Vermont | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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UFL | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ULL | Low Earth | Technology | 23 October 2014 | ||
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Hawaii | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Kentucky/Morehead | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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NASA Ames | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
ORS-3 will remain attached to upper stage | ||||||
20 November 03:31:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |
20 November 11:40 |
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JHU | Suborbital | UV astronomy | 20 November | Successful | |
Studied spectra of comet ISON, apogee: 277 kilometres (172 mi) | ||||||
21 November 07:10:11 |
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EIAST | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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KARI | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Skybox Imaging | Low Earth | Earth imaging | In orbit | Operational | |
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Weather News Inc. | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Operational | |
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PAS | Low Earth | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
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AprizeSat | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |
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AprizeSat | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |
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La Sapienza | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU-Delft | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Planet Labs | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Planet Labs | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ISIS-BV | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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KHU | Low Earth | Space Weather | In orbit | Operational | |
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KHU | Low Earth | Space Weather | In orbit | Operational | |
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INVAP | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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GOMSpace | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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EXA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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AMSAT-UK/NL | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Narvik | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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CPUT | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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PIST | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Vigo | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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PUCP | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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PUCP | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Würzburg | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Morehead | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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UMBC | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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STADOKO UG | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Morehead | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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TU-Munich | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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NTU | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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INTA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Hartron-Arkos | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
22 November 12:02:29 |
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ESA | Low Earth | Magnetospheric | In orbit | Operational | |
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ESA | Low Earth | Magnetospheric | In orbit | Operational | |
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ESA | Low Earth | Magnetospheric | In orbit | Operational | |
25 November 02:12:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
25 November 20:53:06 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 9 June 2014 | Successful | |
27 November 03:50[13] |
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Boston University | Suborbital | UV astronomy | 27 November | Successful | |
Venus Spectral Rocket Experiment, apogee: 280 kilometres (170 mi) | ||||||
1 December 17:30:00 [14] |
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CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar lander | 14 December 13:12 | Operational | |
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CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar rover | Operational | ||
China's first lunar rover, and the first spacecraft to make a soft landing on the Moon since the Soviet Luna 24 mission in 1976.[15] | ||||||
3 December | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | ||||||
3 December 22:41:00 |
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SES World Skies | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |
First launch of Falcon 9 v1.1 from CCAFS; first SpaceX launch targeting GEO | ||||||
6 December 07:14:30 |
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NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |
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AFIT | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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US Army | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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US Army | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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US Army | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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ORS | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Montana State | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Montana State | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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The Aerospace Corporation | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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The Aerospace Corporation | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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CUNY | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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NASA JPL | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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Michigan | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
NRO Launch 39 | ||||||
8 December 12:12:00 |
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Inmarsat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
9 December 03:26 |
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CASC/INPE | Intended: Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Remote sensing | 9 December | Launch failure | |
Third stage shutdown 11 seconds too early | ||||||
14 December | ![]() |
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ISA | Suborbital | Biological | 14 December | Successful | |
Apogee: 120 kilometres (72 miles), carried a rhesus monkey | ||||||
17 December 12:36 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 17 December | Successful | ||
GT210GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | ||||||
19 December 09:12:19 |
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ESA | Earth/Sun L2 | Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | |
20 December 16:42:04 |
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ABE | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
23 December 11:28 |
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Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 350 kilometres (220 mi) | ||||||
24 December 07:00 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 December | Successful | ||
25 December 00:31:55 |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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VKO | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
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VKO | Low Earth | Technology/Satellite Inspection (?) | In orbit | Operational | |
26 December 10:49:56 |
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RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Operational | |
27 December 17:30 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 December | Successful | ||
28 December 12:30:00 |
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SSAU | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | |
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RVSN RF | Low Earth | Radar calibration | In orbit | Operational | |
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RVSN RF | Low Earth | Radar calibration | In orbit | Operational | |
Maiden flight of Soyuz-2.1v | ||||||
Deep space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
16 February | Cassini | 90th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,978 kilometres (1,229 mi). | |
9 March | Cassini | 4th flyby of Rhea | Closest approach: 997 kilometres (620 mi). Last Cassini flyby of Rhea. | |
5 April | Cassini | 91st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi). | |
12 April | Cassini | Flyby of Polydeuces | Closest approach: 115,000 kilometres (71,000 mi). | |
23 May | Cassini | 92nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi). | |
10 July | Cassini | 93rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 964 kilometres (599 mi). | |
26 July | Cassini | 94th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi). | |
12 September | Cassini | 95th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi). | |
6 October | LADEE | Injection into Selenocentric orbit | Preliminary orbit was 269 kilometres (167 mi) x 15,772 kilometres (9,800 mi), inclined 157 deg to the equator. | |
9 October | Juno | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist, closest approach: 552 kilometres (343 mi). | |
13 October | Cassini | 96th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 961 kilometres (597 mi). | |
30 November | Cassini | 97th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 870 kilometres (540 mi). | |
6 December | Chang'e 3 | Injection into Selenocentric orbit | Preliminary orbit was 100 kilometres (62 mi), reduced to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) on 10 December. | |
14 December | Chang'e 3 | Landing at Mare Imbrium | First Chinese lunar soft lander and rover. | |
28 December | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 45 kilometres (28 mi). |
Extra-Vehicular Activity
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 April 14:03 |
6 hours 38 minutes |
20:41 | Expedition 35/36 | ![]() |
Installed the Obstanovka plasma waves and ionosphere experiment to the exterior of the Zvezda service module. Also replaced a faulty retro-reflector device used as navigational aids for the Automatic Transfer Vehicle and retrieved the Biorisk microbe exposure experiment. An attempt to retrieve the Vinoslivost materials sample experiment failed when it was accidentally dropped while being taken back to the Pirs module airlock.[16][17] |
11 May 12:44 |
5 hours 30 minutes |
18:14 | Expedition 35/36 | ![]() |
Replaced the 2B Pump Flow Control Subassembly (PFCS) on the Port 6 truss in attempting to locate the source of an ammonia coolant leak on the Port 6 truss Photo Voltaic Thermal Control System (PVTCS).[18][19] |
24 June 13:32 |
6 hours 34 minutes |
20:06 | Expedition 36/37 | ![]() |
Replaced a fluid flow regulator on the Zarya module, testing of the Kurs docking system on the station ahead of the arrival of a new Russian module, installing the “Indicator” experiment, installing gap spanners on to the outside of the station and photographing the multilayer insulation (MLI) protecting the Russian segment from micrometeoroids and taking samples from the exterior surface of the pressure hull underneath the MLI to identify signs of pressure hull material microscopic deterioration.[20][21] |
9 July 12:02 |
6 hours 7 minutes |
18:09 | Expedition 36/37 | ![]() |
Replaced a failed Space-to-Ground Transmitter Receiver Controller and the Mobile Base Camera Light Pan-Tilt Assembly, retrieved the MISSE-8 and ORMatE-III experiments, photographed the AMS-02, moved two Radiator Grapple Bars to either sides of the truss, routed power cables to support the addition of the new Russian MLM and installed a multi-layer insulation cover to protect the docking interface of PMA-2.[22][23] |
16 July 11:57 |
1 hours 32 minutes |
13:29 | Expedition 36/37 | ![]() |
Installed a Y-bypass jumper on power lines on the Z1 truss, routing 1553 data cables for a grapple fixture and Ethernet cables for a future Russian station module. The spacewalk was then cut short after Parmitano reported excess water leaking inside his helmet.[24][25][26] |
16 August 14:36 |
7 hours 29 minutes |
22:05 | Expedition 36/37 | ![]() |
Routed power and ethernet cables for later attachment to the future Nauka module. Also installed connectors between modules and a material science experiment.[27][28] |
22 August 11:34 |
5 hours 58 minutes |
17:32 | Expedition 36/37 | ![]() |
Removed a laser communication and installed an EVA work station and camera pointing platform outside the Zvezda service module, inspection and tightening of various antenna covers on Zvezda, and installed new spacewalk aids.[29][30] |
9 November 14:34 |
5 hours 50 minutes |
20:24 | Expedition 37/38 | ![]() |
Took the Olympic torch for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games to the outside of ISS. They also continued work on an extravehicular activity workstation and biaxial pointing platform by removing launch brackets and bolts, as well as retrieving an experimental package. The planned installation of a foot restraint on the mounting seat of the workstation was deferred to a future spacewalk after the spacewalkers noticed some issues with its alignment.[31][32] |
21 December 12:01 |
5 hours 28 minutes |
17:29 | Expedition 38/39 | ![]() |
Removed ammonia fluid lines from Active Thermal Control System pump module; removed pump module from starboard truss and stowed it on Payload Orbital Replacement Unit Accommodation.[33] |
24 December 11:53 |
7 hours 30 minutes |
19:23 | Expedition 38/39 | ![]() |
Retrieved spare ammonia pump module, installed it on starboard truss, and connected it to Loop A of Active Thermal Control System.[34][35] |
27 December 13:00 |
8 hours 7 minutes |
21:07 | Expedition 38/39 | ![]() |
Attempted installation of 2 HD cameras for commercial Earth observation on the outside of the Zvezda module, cancelled after one of the cameras failed to provide data to the ground during testing. Also installed and jettisoned experimental equipment outside the Russian segment. Longest Russian EVA in history.[36][37] |
Orbital launch summary
By country
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | ||
![]() | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | With Russian assistance | |
![]() ![]() | 35 | 32 | 2 | 1 | Includes 2 Soyuz launches from Kourou and 1 Zenit from Sea Launch | |
![]() | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
World | 81 | 77 | 3 | 1 |
By rocket
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Ariane | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Falcon | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March | ![]() | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | |
Minotaur | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | |
R-36 | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() | 15 | 13 | 1 | 1 | |
Vega | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() ![]() | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | ![]() | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Ariane 5 | ![]() | Ariane | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() | Atlas | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() | R-36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Falcon 9 | ![]() | Falcon | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | ![]() | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | ![]() | Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2 | ![]() | Long March | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() | Long March | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Minotaur I | ![]() | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | ![]() | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Naro | ![]() ![]() | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Pegasus-XL | ![]() | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() | PSLV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | ![]() | Universal Rocket | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() | R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | ![]() | R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | ![]() | Universal Rocket | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | |
Vega | ![]() | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() ![]() | Zenit | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 110 | ![]() | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() | Ariane 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | ![]() | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() | Atlas V | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | ![]() | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 531 | ![]() | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | ![]() | Delta IV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV-H | ![]() | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() | Dnepr | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Falcon 9 v1.0 | ![]() | Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | ![]() | Falcon 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | ![]() | Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2C | ![]() | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2F | ![]() | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B | ![]() | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | ![]() | Long March 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() | Long March 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur I | ![]() | Minotaur I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur V | ![]() | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Naro-1 | ![]() ![]() | Naro | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Pegasus-XL | ![]() | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | ![]() | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M/Briz-M | ![]() | Proton | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M/DM-03 | ![]() | Proton | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Rokot/Briz-KM | ![]() | UR-100 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | ![]() | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a/Fregat | ![]() | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | ![]() | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat | ![]() | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1v/Volga | ![]() | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Strela | ![]() | UR-100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit-3SL | ![]() ![]() | Zenit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Zenit-3SLB | ![]() ![]() | Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By launch site
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() | 23 | 22 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | ![]() | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Naro | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ocean Odyssey | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
By orbit
Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Earth | 47 | 45 | 1 | 1 | 12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1 |
Medium Earth | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous/transfer | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 | |
High Earth | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
References
|
Generic references:
|
Footnotes
- ↑ with assistance from Russia
- ↑ "Russia Launches Three Military Satellites". RIA Novosti. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "Iran Says It Sent Monkey Into Space and Back". abc. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ↑ "Sea Launch's Intelsat-27 FROB Report Complete". Sea Launch. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ↑ Vladimir Kirillov. "Russia on the Market of High Resolution Space Images". Moscow Defense Brief. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
- ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's Proton crashes with a trio of navigation satellites". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ↑ http://msdb.gsfc.nasa.gov/MissionData.php?mission=NROL-65
- ↑ Barbosa, Rui C (25 September 2013). "Kuaizhou – China secretly launches new quick response rocket". NASASpaceflight.com.
- ↑ "CASSIOPE". MDA Corporation. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Messier, Doug (2013-09-10). "A Preview of Falcon 9′s Flight From Vandenberg". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2013-09-11.
- ↑ Sounding Rocket to Calibrate NASA's SDO Instrument
- ↑ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-Mars-Orbiter-Mission-on-November-5/articleshow/24548060.cms
- ↑ MAVEN official site
- ↑ "Venus Spectral Rocket Experiment". NASA. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ "China's Chang'e-3 to land on moon next year". China Daily. November 11, 2012.
- ↑ "Chang'e-3: China To Launch First Moon Rover In 2013". Asian Scientist. March 7, 2012.
- ↑ Pete Harding (2013-04-19). "Cosmonauts successfully conclude Russian spacewalk". Retrieved 2013-04-19.
- ↑ NASA (2013-04-19). "Spacewalkers Deploy Plasma Experiment, Install Navigational Aid". Retrieved 2013-04-19.
- ↑ Pete Harding and Chris Bergin (2013-05-11). "Successful EVA likely to have resolved ammonia leak". Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- ↑ NASA (2013-05-11). "Astronauts Complete Spacewalk to Repair Ammonia Leak". Retrieved 2013-05-12.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-06-24). "Russian duo complete ambitious ISS spacewalk". Retrieved 2013-06-25.
- ↑ NASA (2013-06-24). "Cosmonauts Complete Spacewalk to Prepare Station for New Russian Lab". Retrieved 2013-06-25.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-07-09). "EVA-22: Cassidy and Parmitano complete ISS spacewalk". Retrieved 2013-07-10.
- ↑ NASA (2013-07-09). "Station Astronauts Complete First of Two July Spacewalks". Retrieved 2013-07-10.
- ↑ Miriam Kramer (2013-07-16). "NASA Cuts Spacewalk Short After Water Leak Inside Astronaut's Spacesuit". Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ↑ Pete Harding (2013-07-16). "EVA-23 terminated due to Parmitano EMU issue". Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ↑ NASA (2013-07-16). "Tuesday Spacewalk Ended Early". Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-08-16). "Russian EVA breaks record – EMU troubleshooting continues". Retrieved 2013-08-16.
- ↑ NASA (2013-08-16). "Spacewalkers Wire Up Station for Future Lab". Retrieved 2013-08-16.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-08-22). "Russian duo complete EVA-35 – Luca recalls EVA drama". Retrieved 2013-08-22.
- ↑ NASA (2013-08-22). "Spacewalkers Install Camera Platform, Inspect Station". Retrieved 2013-08-22.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-11-09). "Troublesome ISS EVA conducts Olympic torch relay in space". Retrieved 2013-11-11.
- ↑ NASA (2013-11-09). "Olympic Torch Highlights Station Spacewalk". Retrieved 2013-11-11.
- ↑ NASA (2013-12-21). "Space Station Crew Removes Ammonia Pump; Next Spacewalk Set for Tuesday". Retrieved 2013-12-21.
- ↑ NASA (2013-12-24). "Spacewalkers Complete Installation of Ammonia Pump Module". Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ↑ Robert Z. Pearlman (2013-12-24). "Spacewalking Astronauts Gift Space Station with Christmas Eve Cooling Pump Fix". Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ↑ NASA (2013-12-27). "Station Cosmonauts Complete Spacewalk to Deploy Cameras". Retrieved 2013-12-28.
- ↑ Chris Bergin (2013-12-27). "Russian duo break EVA record – Main task suffers issue". Retrieved 2013-12-28.
Timeline of spaceflight | ||||||||||
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1940s | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | ||||
1950s | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 |
1960s | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 |
1970s | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 |
1980s | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 |
1990s | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
2000s | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
2010s | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
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