Azille

Azille
The old railway station
Coat of arms
Azille
Location within Occitanie region  Azille
Coordinates: 43°16′40″N 2°39′30″E / 43.2779°N 2.6584°E / 43.2779; 2.6584Coordinates: 43°16′40″N 2°39′30″E / 43.2779°N 2.6584°E / 43.2779; 2.6584
Country	France
Region	Occitanie
Department	Aude
Arrondissement	Carcassonne
Canton	Peyriac-Minervois
Intercommunality	Carcassonne Agglo
Government
• Mayor (2001–2020)	Philippe Chevrier
Area1	23.33 km2 (9.01 sq mi)
Population (2010)2	1,188
• Density	51/km2 (130/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code	11022 / 11700
Elevation	39–120 m (128–394 ft) (avg. 84 m or 276 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Azille is a French commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Azillois or Azilloises.^[1]

Geography

Azille is located at the foot of the Montagne Noire some 25 km east by north-east of Carcassonne and 25 km west by north-west of Narbonne. The commune is traversed by the D610 from Homps to Puichéric in the south-east and also by the D11 from La Redorte to Rieux-Minervois in the west. Access to the town is by the D206 from Rieux-Minervois which goes to the village then continues north-east to Pépieux. The D72 comes from La Redorte in the south and passes through the town going north to join the D52. The D272 goes north-west from the town to La Livinière. The D606 goes south-east from the town to Homps. Apart from a large lake in the east of the commune (the Lac de Jouarres), which also forms the departmental border between Aude and Hérault, the commune is all farmland. Apart from the village there is the hamlet of Vaissiere in the west.^[2]

The Aude river forms the south-eastern border of the commune with the parallel Canal du Midi passing through the south-east of the commune. Several streams rise in the north-west of the commune and flow south-east to join the Aude including the Ruisseau de Georges, the Ruisseau de l'Etang de Jouarres, and the Ruisseau de l'Aiguille.^[2]

Neighbouring communes and villages^[2]

	La Livinière	Pepieux	Olonzac
	Rieux-Minervois		Homps
		Azille
	Saint-Frichoux	La Redorte	Tourouzelle

History

A door in the City walls

Azille contains Prehistoric remains of past civilisations including cremation graves from the iron age, many of which are preserved in the Olonzac museum. There is a superb Roman villa displayed at Billery and there is a statue of Silenus in Greek style, which could be a representation of the Satyr Marcyas, displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Narbonne. The recent discovery of a Visigothic necropolis at the edge of the village indicates habitation since earliest times.

In the Middle Ages, Azille was one of the most important towns in the Archidiocese of Narbonne. In the 14th century the village supported the church of Saint Julien which was part of the chapter of Saint Just of Narbonne. There were also two convents: the Franciscans and the Royal Abbey of Saint Clare. Unusually, apart from the episcopal city, the town was the only one to have two parishes: Saint-Julien and Saint-André. The parish of Saint-André, which is known today only from ruins and the name of a quarter in the town, was united with Saint-Jacques-de-Béziers in 1096, then with the Abbey of Lagrasse in 1118, then finally with Saint-Sebastian-de-Narbonne.

Saint-Julien was the seat of the Archpriest of Minervois. In the 14th century it was made a "county": Azilhan lo Comtal which it remained until the end of the 16th century. A town free of all lordly power from 1483, it belonged to the crown and its arms were those of the king. It was administered by an elected council.

Built on a rocky outcrop, the town was surrounded by walls with multiple doors and towers both round and square. The city became too crampd inside its walls and several suburbs were created to the east beyond the Narbonne gate - the oldest of which had its own wall.

At the beginning of the 13th century Azille was part of the Cathar inspiration and contained a house of Perfects which was destroyed in the period of the Albigensian Crusade. In 1289, 63 years after the death of Francis of Assisi, Eustache de Lévis founded or restored the convent of Franciscans outside the walls to the north of the city. In 1331 his daughter, Isabelle de Lévis - widow of Bertrand de l'Isle, founded The Royal Abbey of Saint Claire (the Abbey of Poor Clares) inside the walls. The remains of the walls and some monuments are still visible today.

The town’s economy was traditionally based on wheat: Azille wheat being highly prized in the 19th century. The commune was also the largest producer of olive oil in the region and there was also wine. The multitude of springs in the area allowed tanners and drapers to prosper.

Jouarres lock on the Canal du Midi

By the end of the 19th century, with the arrival of the railway (the Moux to Caunes-Minervois line), further commerce developed which in turn led to building large houses such as the Château Gallimard where the musician César Franck stayed. The Canal du Midi, built in 1666, traverses the commune for four kilometres. There is a lock in the commune and the Riquet de Jouarres bridge.

Heraldry

Blazon: Azure, 3 fleurs-de-lys of Or, 2 and 1.

Administration

List of successive mayors^[3]

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 1,188 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger communes that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

An Azille streetscape

House ornamentation

Economy

Wineries

Azille, with an area of 2,333 hectares, includes 14 areas:

• Jouarres is one of the last wineries from the 19th century with wooden barrels. An area traversed by the Canal du Midi and the Aude river. The Ruisseau de l'Aiguille is cut by a secondary Roman road near Fans.
• The Hamlet of Jouarres, near the Jouarres lake, is now converted into a leisure park.
• Les Cascals has a spectacular Aqueduct between the Aude and the Canal du Midi.
• Les Fans was once owned (1700) by the Lord of Massiac of Gazel and is traversed by a secondary Roman road.
• Sainte-Marie on the banks of the Canal du Midi
• Saint-Julien (biological products).
• The Chateau of Floris, a beautiful building from the 19th century, it was originally founded in 1536 on the way to Rieux.
• Massiac a stronghold built in 1697.
• Vaissière and its Romanesque church from the 12th century at Saint-Étienne de Tersan, near the Argent -Double river.

On both sides of the road from Rieux to La Redorte the Argent Double river also borders:

• La Chouppe, La Rèze, and Les Salices, which all belonged to the Poor Clares.
• The "Moulin des Nonnes (Nuns' Mill) is an abandoned property that belonged to the Royal Abbey of Saint-Clair-d'Azille in the Middle Ages and which had a water mill.
• The Domain of the 3 Angels where the vineyard is located on the Liviniere, Siran, and next to Jouarres Lake.

The commune is also remarkable for the diversity of its fauna and its flora with its typically Mediterranean Garrigue and olive trees.

The cultivation of olives has been increasing for a decade.

Transport

From 1887 to 1939 Azille was served by the Moux to Caunes-Minervois railway line. The station remains visible as well as a large part of the structures and embankments.

Culture and heritage

An Azille landscape, looking south

Civil heritage

The commune has a number of sites that are registered as historical monuments:

• The Canal du Midi (1679)^[4]
• The Maison Cros (Cros House) (14th century)^[5]
• The War Memorial 1914-1918 (1921)^[6]

Other sites of interest

• The Château of Vaissières contains a Bas-relief (Late Middle Ages) which is registered as an historical object.^[7]
• The Cemetery on the Route de Siran contains a Priests' Monument which is registered as an historical object.^[8]
• The Ramparts from the Middle Ages: Partially destroyed in the 18th century, they were for the most integrated with houses built on its frontage. It is possible to follow the line along the boulevards that replaced the old moat. Some portions are visible in several places, especially near the visitor centre.
• Witnesses to the great wine era (1870-1910): The Jouarres aging cellar
• The Chateau and its neo-Gothic portal near the canal bridge
• The neo-Renaissance Chateau at Floris.
• Jouarres Lake.

Religious heritage

The Church bell tower

The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

• The Church of Saint-Julien and Saint-Basilisse (14th century).^[9][10] The church is a remarkable example of Southern Gothic with a wide nave with three vaulted transepts, a broad framed apse, and a bell tower 36 m high. It contains a chapel of the Brotherhood of Saint Jacques with statues and shrines in gilded wood. This chapel was used as headquarters for the brotherhood of pilgrims. Azille was once a starting place of pilgrimage to Compostela. The church also houses one of the finest achievements of Southern Gothic sculpture: a Virgin and Child^[11] in polychrome stone, considered one of the finest achievements of Gothic sculpture of the 14th century in southern France. It was displayed as such in two exhibitions in Paris notably at the Grand Palais. The church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
  • A Bronze Bell (1776)^[12]
  • A Bronze Bell (1611)^[13]
  • A Bronze Bell (1607)^[14]
  • A Pulpit (18th century)^[15]
  • A Painting: Christ on the Cross between Saint Julien, Saint Basilisse, and Saint Madeleine (1688)^[16]
  • A Painting: The Ecstasy of Saint Francis (18th century)^[17]
  • A Painting: Saint Barthélémy (17th century)^[18]
  • A Painting: Saint Michel between a martyred pope and Saint Sebastian (17th century)^[19]
  • A Painting: Saint Francis receiving the drawstring bag (18th century)^[20]
  • A Monumental Harmonium (1860)^[21]
  • A Statue: Virgin and child (14th century)^[11]

The Chapel of Vaissière

• The Chapel of Vaissière (12th century).^[22] This small pre-Romanesque chapel is none other than the former church of Saint-Etienne de Tersan and was probably built before 1184. The chapel has a basilical plan with three naves and three apses. The tripartite nave and two of the apses date back to the 10th century. Part of the vaulting over the nave was built in the 11th century. The capital to the south of the choir was attributed to the workshop of the Master of Cabestany. It was created in the 12th century during the reconstruction of the great apse.
• The old Chapel of the Poor Clares (15th century).^[23] It was decommissioned and sold to individuals under the French Revolution, the remains can be seen in the church square.

Other religious sites of interest

• The Monastery of Poor Clares. The Poor Clares returned to Azille in 1891 and built their monastery near the road to Liviniere. In 2008 the Poor Clares have passed the monastery to the Chanoinesses de la Mère de Dieu. The building contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
  • A Painting: the death of Saint Clare (17th century)^[24]
  • A Head: Christ (16th century)^[25]
• The Saint-André spring flowed from a Gothic shrine in the 14th century which was vaulted by a ribbed vault. It is named after the parish that existed in the 11th century and was destroyed in 1791.
• The former Rectory, presumably the Tinal for the archpriests: a beautiful room with a floor supported by diaphragm arches at three points, chamfered, visible at the tourist office.

St. Clair monastery religious Clare returned to Azille in 1891 and built their monastery near the road to Liviniere. 2008 3, the Poor Clares have passed the baton to Chanoinesses of the Mother of God. The convent of the Cordeliers, founded in the 13th century, sold to the Revolution, you can still see the remains of the Franciscan church homes. Several stone carvings on the facades of buildings in the city from it without doubt. The arches of the choir of the church are visible from the aisles Pol-Lapeyre.

Festivals

The town hosts a Feria for several days around 1 May. It is managed by 120 volunteers and attracts about 30,000 people. It had its 10th anniversary in 2012.

Notable people linked to the commune

• Pol Lapeyre, a young Saint-Cyrien born in Azille, died at 20 years old after struggling to defend his position for 60 days and nights during fighting in Morocco in 1925.
• Gabriel Delort, General Counsel for Aude from 1799 to 1830.

See also

• Communes of the Aude department

Media related to Azille at Wikimedia Commons

External links

• Azille official website (French)
• Feria d'Azille website (French)
• History of Azille (French)
• Azille on Lion1906
• Azille on Google Maps
• Azille on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
• Azille on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Azille on the INSEE website (French)
• INSEE (French)

Notes and references

Notes

1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Azille.

Communes of the Aude department
Aigues-Vives Airoux Ajac Alaigne Alairac Albas Albières Alet-les-Bains Alzonne Antugnac Aragon Argeliers Argens-Minervois Armissan Arques Arquettes-en-Val Artigues Arzens Aunat Auriac Axat Azille Badens Bages Bagnoles Baraigne Barbaira Belcaire Belcastel-et-Buc Belflou Belfort-sur-Rebenty Bellegarde-du-Razès Belpech Belvèze-du-Razès Belvianes-et-Cavirac Belvis Berriac Bessède-de-Sault La Bezole Bizanet Bize-Minervois Blomac Bouilhonnac Bouisse Bouriège Bourigeole Le Bousquet Boutenac Bram Brézilhac Brousses-et-Villaret Brugairolles Les Brunels Bugarach Cabrespine Cahuzac Cailhau Cailhavel Cailla Cambieure Campagna-de-Sault Campagne-sur-Aude Camplong-d'Aude Camps-sur-l'Agly Camurac Canet Capendu Carcassonne Carlipa Cascastel-des-Corbières La Cassaigne Cassaignes Les Cassés Castans Castelnaudary Castelnau-d'Aude Castelreng Caudebronde Caunes-Minervois Caunettes-en-Val Caunette-sur-Lauquet Caux-et-Sauzens Cavanac Caves Cazalrenoux Cazilhac Cenne-Monestiés Cépie Chalabre Citou Le Clat Clermont-sur-Lauquet Comigne Comus Conilhac-Corbières Conilhac-de-la-Montagne Conques-sur-Orbiel Corbières Coudons Couffoulens Couiza Counozouls Cournanel Coursan Courtauly La Courtète Coustaussa Coustouge Cruscades Cubières-sur-Cinoble Cucugnan Cumiès Cuxac-Cabardès Cuxac-d'Aude Davejean Dernacueillette La Digne-d'Amont La Digne-d'Aval Donazac Douzens Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse Durban-Corbières Embres-et-Castelmaure Escales Escouloubre Escueillens-et-Saint-Just-de-Bélengard Espéraza Espezel Fa Fabrezan Fajac-en-Val Fajac-la-Relenque La Fajolle Fanjeaux Félines-Termenès Fendeille Fenouillet-du-Razès Ferrals-les-Corbières Ferran Festes-et-Saint-André Feuilla Fitou Fleury Floure Fontanès-de-Sault Fontcouverte Fonters-du-Razès Fontiers-Cabardès Fontiès-d'Aude Fontjoncouse La Force Fournes-Cabardès Fourtou Fraisse-Cabardès Fraissé-des-Corbières Gaja-et-Villedieu Gaja-la-Selve Galinagues Gardie Generville Gincla Ginestas Ginoles Gourvieille Gramazie Granès Greffeil Gruissan Homps Hounoux Les Ilhes Issel Jonquières Joucou Labastide-d'Anjou Labastide-en-Val Labastide-Esparbairenque Labécède-Lauragais Lacombe Ladern-sur-Lauquet Lafage Lagrasse Lairière Lanet Laprade Lapradelle-Puilaurens Laroque-de-Fa Lasbordes Lasserre-de-Prouille Lastours Laurabuc Laurac Lauraguel Laure-Minervois Lavalette Lespinassière Leuc Leucate Lézignan-Corbières Lignairolles Limousis Limoux Loupia La Louvière-Lauragais Luc-sur-Aude Luc-sur-Orbieu Magrie Mailhac Maisons Malras Malves-en-Minervois Malviès Marcorignan Marquein Marsa Marseillette Les Martys Mas-Cabardès Mas-des-Cours Massac Mas-Saintes-Puelles Mayreville Mayronnes Mazerolles-du-Razès Mazuby Mérial Mézerville Miraval-Cabardes Mirepeisset Mireval-Lauragais Missègre Molandier Molleville Montauriol Montazels Montbrun-des-Corbières Montclar Montferrand Montfort-sur-Boulzane Montgaillard Montgradail Monthaut Montirat Montjardin Montjoi Montlaur Montmaur Montolieu Montréal Montredon-des-Corbières Montséret Monze Moussan Moussoulens Mouthoumet Moux Narbonne Nébias Névian Niort-de-Sault Ornaisons Orsans Ouveillan Padern Palairac Palaja La Palme Paraza Pauligne Payra-sur-l'Hers Paziols Pécharic-et-le-Py Pech-Luna Pennautier Pépieux Pexiora Peyrefitte-du-Razès Peyrefitte-sur-l'Hers Peyrens Peyriac-de-Mer Peyriac-Minervois Peyrolles Pezens Pieusse Plaigne Plavilla La Pomarède Pomas Pomy Portel-des-Corbières Port-la-Nouvelle Pouzols-Minervois Pradelles-Cabardès Pradelles-en-Val Preixan Puginier Puichéric Puivert Quillan Quintillan Quirbajou Raissac-d'Aude Raissac-sur-Lampy La Redorte Rennes-le-Château Rennes-les-Bains Ribaute Ribouisse Ricaud Rieux-en-Val Rieux-Minervois Rivel Rodome Roquecourbe-Minervois Roquefère Roquefeuil Roquefort-de-Sault Roquefort-des-Corbières Roquetaillade Roubia Rouffiac-d'Aude Rouffiac-des-Corbières Roullens Routier Rouvenac Rustiques Saint-Amans Saint-André-de-Roquelongue Saint-Benoît Saint-Couat-d'Aude Saint-Couat-du-Razès Saint-Denis Sainte-Camelle Sainte-Colombe-sur-Guette Sainte-Colombe-sur-l'Hers Sainte-Eulalie Sainte-Valière Saint-Ferriol Saint-Frichoux Saint-Gaudéric Saint-Hilaire Saint-Jean-de-Barrou Saint-Jean-de-Paracol Saint-Julia-de-Bec Saint-Julien-de-Briola Saint-Just-et-le-Bézu Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse Saint-Louis-et-Parahou Saint-Marcel-sur-Aude Saint-Martin-des-Puits Saint-Martin-de-Villereglan Saint-Martin-Lalande Saint-Martin-le-Vieil Saint-Martin-Lys Saint-Michel-de-Lanès Saint-Nazaire-d'Aude Saint-Papoul Saint-Paulet Saint-Pierre-des-Champs Saint-Polycarpe Saint-Sernin Saissac Sallèles-Cabardès Sallèles-d'Aude Salles-d'Aude Salles-sur-l'Hers Salsigne Salvezines Salza Seignalens La Serpent Serres Serviès-en-Val Sigean Sonnac-sur-l'Hers Sougraigne Souilhanels Souilhe Soulatgé Soupex Talairan Taurize Termes Terroles Thézan-des-Corbières La Tourette-Cabardès Tournissan Tourouzelle Tourreilles Trassanel Trausse Trèbes Treilles Tréville Tréziers Tuchan Val-de-Lambronne Valmigère Ventenac-Cabardès Ventenac-en-Minervois Véraza Verdun-en-Lauragais Verzeille Vignevieille Villalier Villanière Villardebelle Villardonnel Villar-en-Val Villar-Saint-Anselme Villarzel-Cabardès Villarzel-du-Razès Villasavary Villautou Villebazy Villedaigne Villedubert Villefloure Villefort Villegailhenc Villegly Villelongue-d'Aude Villemagne Villemoustaussou Villeneuve-la-Comptal Villeneuve-les-Corbières Villeneuve-lès-Montréal Villeneuve-Minervois Villepinte Villerouge-Termenès Villesèque-des-Corbières Villesèquelande Villesiscle Villespy Villetritouls Vinassan