List of political term limits
This is a list of term limits for heads of state, heads of government and other notable public office holders by country.
Africa
Country | Head of state/government | Other | ||||
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Title | Maximum number of terms | Office | Maximum number of terms | |||
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President | Two 5-year terms term, since 2016 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2010 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Vice President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2005 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms, since 2005 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Unlimited 7-year terms, from 2008 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, additional is term allowed after 5 years. | Prime Minister | No terms limit | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2015 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms, since 2009 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2000 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2005 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Three 5-year terms, from 2015 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 4-year terms, starting from the 2014 presidential election | ||||
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President | Two 7-year terms, starting from 2011 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 6-year terms | Prime Minister | No term limits | ||
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President | Unlimited 7-year terms, since 1991 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 4-year terms, since 1992 Constitutional Referendum. | Vice President | Two 4-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms term, since 1996 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms term, since 1991 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1991 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 6-year terms, since 1986 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1992 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1995 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1992 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1991 Constitutional Referendum | ||||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms, since 1991 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2004 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1990 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2010 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 4-year terms, since 1999 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2015 Constitutional Reform (from 2024). | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No term limits | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2016 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Three 5-year terms, since 2010 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1991 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1996 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | No term limits[1] | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 1977 Constitutional Reform. | Vice President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms, since 2002 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2014 Constitutional Referendum. | ||||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms, since 2005 Constitutional Referendum. | Vice President | No term limits | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2006 Constitutional Reform. | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms, since 2013 Constitutional Referendum. |
Asia
Country | Head of state/government | Other | ||
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Title | Maximum number of terms | Office | Maximum number of terms | |
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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Prime Minister | No term limits | ||
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President (Head of state) | Three 5-year terms | Prime Minister (Head of government) | Two 5-year terms |
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President (Head of state) | Two 5-year terms[2] (Two terms of National People's Congress session) | Premier (Head of government) | Two 5-year terms[2] (Two terms of National People's Congress session) |
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Chief Executive | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Indian Parliament which has a term of five years |
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President | Two 5-year terms | Vice President | Two 5-year terms |
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President | Two consecutive and one non-consecutive 4-year terms | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms | ||
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President | One 7-year term | Prime Minister | Between 1948 and 1996, and from 2001 onwards: No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Knesset which has an undefined term not exceeding four years. |
Between 1996 and 2001 (when the Prime Minister was directly elected): Unlimited undefined terms. Should these terms exceed seven years, the Prime Minister will not be eligible for immediate re-election. | ||||
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Prime Minister | No term limits | ||
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President | Two consecutive 5-year terms (Exception for first President) | ||
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President | One 6-year term | ||
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 6-year terms | ||
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Chief Executive | Two 5-year terms | ||
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Yang di-Pertuan Agong | Unlimited 5-Year Terms, but because the 9 Sultans of the Malayan provinces rotate each time between themselves, the unlimited 5-Year Terms are de facto unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms. | Prime Minister | No term limits |
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President | Two 5-year terms (starting 1998) | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | One 6-year term | Vice President | Two 6-year terms |
Senators | Three 6-year terms | |||
Representatives of the House | Three 3-year terms | |||
All other local government officials | Three 3-year terms | |||
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President | One 5-year term | ||
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President | Six years; renewable | ||
Prime Minister | No term limits | |||
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President | Two 5-year terms since 2015 | Prime Minister | Unlimited 5-year terms since 2015 |
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President | Two consecutive 4-year terms since 1994[3][4] | Vice President | Same as the president |
Members of the Legislative Yuan | Unlimited 4-year terms[5] | |||
County, city and township councilors, and village chiefs | Unlimited 4-year terms[6] | |||
County magistrates, and city and township mayors | Two consecutive 4-year terms[7] | |||
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President | Two 7-year terms[8] | ||
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Prime Minister | Two 4-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 7-year terms |
Europe
Country | Head of state | Head of government (if effectively supreme to a separate head of state) | Other | |||
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Title | Maximum number of terms | Title | Maximum number of terms | Office | Maximum number of terms | |
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Albanian Parliament which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Two 6-year terms. When the current President loses their re-election, they can never again be elected to the Office of Federal President of Austria. | Chancellor | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Council which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Unlimited consecutive 5-year terms | ||||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Chamber of Representatives which has a term of four years | ||
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Presidency members | Two consecutive 4-year terms | ||||
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President | Two consecutive 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Assembly which has a term of four years | Vice President | Two 5-year terms |
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Sabor which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Chamber of Deputies which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Folketing which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Riigikogu which has a term of four years | ||
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President of the European Council | Two two-and-a-half year terms | President of the European Commission | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the European Parliament which has a term of five years (and also the European Council) | President of the European Central Bank | One 8-year term |
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President | Two 6-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Finnish Parliament which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two consecutive 5-year terms | Prime minister | No directly defined terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Assembly which has a term of five years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Chancellor | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Bundestag which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Hellenic Parliament which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Assembly which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Unlimited 4-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Althing which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 7-year terms | Taoiseach (equivalent of Prime Minister) | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Dáil which has a term of five years | ||
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President | Unlimited 7-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Chamber of Deputies which has a term of five years | Unlimited 5-year terms | |
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President | Two 4-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Saeima which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Seimas which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Chamber of Deputies which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Assembly of Macedonia which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Maltese Parliament which has a term of five years | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Moldovan Parliament which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Montenegrin Parliament which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the House of Representatives which has a term of less than five years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Storting which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Sejm which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two consecutive 5-year terms. A former President of Portugal, however, if they have already served two consecutive terms, can also be re-elected to another unlimited non-consecutive 5-year term, after a minimum of five years out of office since the end of their last term in office. | Presidents of local authorities (concelho and freguesia) | Three consecutive 4-year terms | ||
Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Assembly of the Republic which has a term of less than five years | |||||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Chamber of Deputies which has a term of less than four years | ||
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President | Unlimited Two consecutive 6-year terms. | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the State Duma which has a term of five years | ||
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Captain-Regent | Unlimited non-consecutive 6-month terms, but an outgoing Captain Regent of San Marino must wait for a minimum of three years, until they can be elected again into this office. | ||||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Assembly which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Council which has a term of four years | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the National Assembly which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Congress of Deputies which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Riksdag which has a term of four years | ||
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Federal Council | Unlimited 4-year terms | President of the Confederation | Unlimited non-consecutive 1-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms[9] | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Grand National Assembly which has a term of four years | ||
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the House of Commons which has a term of five years | Lord Speaker | Two 5-year terms.[10] |
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President | Two consecutive 5-year terms | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, however they must maintain the support of the Verkhovna Rada which has a term of five years |
Oceania
Country | Head of state | Other | ||
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Title | Maximum number of terms | Office | Maximum number of terms | |
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Governor-General | No term limits | Prime Minister | No term limits |
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President | Two 4-year terms | Vice President | Two 4-year terms |
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President | Two 5-year terms | Vice President | Two 5-year terms |
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President | Three 4-year terms | Vice President | Three 4-year terms |
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President | Two 4-year terms | ||
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Governor-General | No term limits, but traditionally serve for one 5-year term. | Prime Minister | No term limits, 3-year election cycle. |
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President | Two 3-year terms | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms | Vice President | Two 4-year terms |
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Chief of State | Two 5-year terms since 2007. Before 2007, the Chief of State of Samoa was elected for life. | ||
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Governor-General | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | One 5-year term |
The Americas
Country | Head of state/government | Other | ||
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Title | Maximum number of terms | Office | Maximum number of terms | |
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President | Two consecutive 4-year terms. Every former President, if they have already served two consecutive terms in a row, has to wait one complete 4-year term, until they can be re-elected into two consecutive 4-year terms as President of Argentina again. | Vice President | Two consecutive 4-year terms. Every former Vice President, if they have already served two consecutive terms in a row, has to wait one complete 4-year term, until they can be re-elected into two consecutive 4-year terms as Vice President of Argentina again. |
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President | Two 5-year terms | Vice President | Two 5-year terms |
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President | Two consecutive 4-year terms. Every former President, if they have already served two consecutive terms in a row, has to wait one complete 4-year term, until they can be re-elected into two consecutive 4-year terms as President of Brazil again. | Vice President | Two consecutive 4-year terms. Every former Vice President, if they have already served two consecutive terms in a row, has to wait one complete 4-year term, until they can be re-elected into two consecutive 4-year terms as Vice President of Brazil again. |
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Monarch | No set terms (Hereditary succession) | Prime Minister | No directly set terms, but the Prime Minister must maintain the support of the House of Commons which has a maximum term of five years. |
Premier | No directly set terms, but Premiers must maintain the support of their respective provincial or territorial legislative assemblies which have a maximum term of five years. | |||
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 4-year terms | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms | Vice President | Two 4-year terms |
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 4-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms | Vice President | Two 4-year terms |
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President | Two 4-year terms | Vice President | Two 4-year terms |
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President | One 5-year term | Vice President | One 5-year term |
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President | One 4-year term | Vice President | Unlimited non-consecutive 4-year terms |
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two non-consecutive 5-year terms | ||
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President | One 4-year term | Vice President | One 4-year term |
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President | One 6-year term (sexenio) | ||
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President | Unlimited 5-year terms [11] | Vice President | Unlimited 5-year terms |
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President | Two non-consecutive 5-year terms | Vice President | Two non-consecutive 5-year terms |
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President | One 5-year term | Vice President | One 5-year term |
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 5-year terms | ||
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President | Two 4-year terms (except after succeeding to the Presidency and serving for more than two years, in which case only one subsequent four-year term is permitted). | Main article: Term limits in the United States | |
Vice President | No term limits. Eligibility of former term limited presidents is unclear (see article on Twenty-Second Amendment). | |||
Senators and Representatives | No term limits | |||
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President | Unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms | Vice President | Unlimited non-consecutive 5-year terms |
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President | Unlimited 6-year terms |
See also
References
- ↑ "South Sudan to adopt new constitution, claims Abyei". af.reuters.com. Retrieved 2015-08-31.
- 1 2 "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". English.people.com.cn.
- ↑ Section 6 of Article 2 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China
- ↑ Two consecutive six-year terms from 1947 to 1994 under Article 47 of the Constitution of the Republic of China, but unlimited six-year terms from 1960 to 1991 as superseded by the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion.
- ↑ Article 4 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China
- ↑ Articles 33 and 59 of the Local Government Act
- ↑ Articles 55, 56, and 57 of the Local Government Act
- ↑ France-Presse, Agence (2016-01-22). "Tajikistan parliament paves way for president to rule for life". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
- ↑ "Turks back direct president poll". BBC NEWS. October 21, 2007.
- ↑ "Lord Speaker". BBC NEWS. October 1, 2008.
- ↑ "Nicaragua backs unlimited presidential terms". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
Sources
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