Voiced labiodental affricate
| Voiced labiodental affricate | |
|---|---|
| b̪͡v | |
| b̪͜v | |
| b̪v | |
| Sound | |
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A voiced labiodental affricate ([b̪͡v] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop [b̪] and released as a voiced labiodental fricative [v].
Features
Features of the voiced labiodental affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- There are two variants of the stop component:
- bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial-labiodental.
- labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental, articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[1] | vèès | [b̪͡vɛːs] | 'screw' | Labiodental; occasional allophone of /v/; distribution unclear.[1] See Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology |
| Italian | Some central-south dialects[2] | in vetta | [iɱˈb̪͡vet̪̚t̪ä] | 'at the top' | Labiodental; allophone of /v/ after nasals.[2] See Italian phonology |
| Luxembourgish[3] | Hien huet säi Kampf opginn | [hiə̯n huə̯t z̥æːɪ̯ ˈkʰɑmb͡v‿ˈopɡ̊in] | 'he has given up his fight' | Bilabial-labiodental, occurs only word-finally before words beginning with vowels (when pronounced without a pause between them) in German loanwords.[3] See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Tsonga | XiNkuna dialect | [ʃileb̪͡vu] | 'chin' | Labiodental. | |
References
- 1 2 Peters (2010), p. 240.
- 1 2 Canepari (1992), p. 71.
- 1 2 Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 72–73.
Bibliography
- Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Peters, Jörg (2010), "The Flemish–Brabant dialect of Orsmaal–Gussenhoven", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 239–246, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000083
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