Toremifene

Toremifene
Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a608003
ATC code	L02BA02 (WHO)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	more than 99.5%
Biological half-life	5 days
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-{4-[(1Z)-4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-N,N-dimethylethanamine
CAS Number	89778-26-7^Y
PubChem (CID)	3005573
IUPHAR/BPS	4325
DrugBank	DB00539^Y
ChemSpider	2275722^Y
UNII	7NFE54O27T^Y
KEGG	D08620^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:9635^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1655^Y
PDB ligand ID	T0R (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
ECHA InfoCard	100.125.139
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₆H₂₈ClNO
Molar mass	405.959 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES ClCCC(/c1ccccc1)=C(/c2ccc(OCCN(C)C)cc2)c3ccccc3
InChI InChI=1S/C26H28ClNO/c1-28(2)19-20-29-24-15-13-23(14-16-24)26(22-11-7-4-8-12-22)25(17-18-27)21-9-5-3-6-10-21/h3-16H,17-20H2,1-2H3/b26-25-^Y Key:XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N^Y
(verify)

Toremifene citrate (/ˈtɔərᵻmᵻfin/) is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which helps oppose the actions of estrogen in the body. Licensed in the United States under the brand name Fareston, toremifene citrate is FDA-approved for use in advanced (metastatic) breast cancer. It is also being evaluated for prevention of prostate cancer under the brand name Acapodene.^[1]

In 2007 the pharmaceutical company GTx, Inc was conducting two different phase 3 clinical trials; First, a pivotal Phase clinical trial for the treatment of serious side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (especially vertebral/spine fractures and hot flashes, lipid profile, and gynecomastia) for advanced prostate cancer, and second, a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for the prevention of prostate cancer in high risk men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or PIN. Results of these trials are expected by first quarter of 2008^[2]

An NDA for the first application (relief of prostate cancer ADT side effects) was submitted in Feb 2009,^[3] and in Oct 2009 the FDA said they would need more clinical data, e.g. another phase III trial.^[4]

References

↑ Price N, Sartor O, Hutson T, Mariani S. Role of 5a-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators as potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer 2005;3:211-4. PMID 15882476
↑ "GTx's Phase III Clinical Development of ACAPODENE on Course Following Planned Safety Review" (Press release). GTx Inc. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
↑ "GTx Announces Toremifene 80 mg NDA Accepted for Review by FDA" (Press release).
↑ "GTx and Ipsen End Prostate Cancer Collaboration due to Costs of FDA-Requested Phase III Study". 2 Mar 2011.

Estrogens and antiestrogens

Estrogens

ER agonists	Steroidal: Alfatradiol Certain androgenic-anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone, testosterone esters, nandrolone, methyltestosterone, metandienone) (via estrogenic metabolites) Certain progestins (e.g., norethisterone, noretynodrel, etynodiol diacetate, tibolone) Clomestrone Cloxestradiol acetate Conjugated equine estrogens/esterified estrogens (Premarin) 8,9-Dehydroestrone sulfate 17α-Dihydroequilenin sulfate 17α-Dihydroequilin sulfate 17β-Dihydroequilenin sulfate 17β-Dihydroequilin sulfate Equilenin sulfate Equilin sulfate Emmenin Epiestriol Epimestrol Estetrol^† Estradiol Estradiol acetate Estradiol benzoate Estradiol butyrylacetate Estradiol cypionate^# Estradiol dienanthate Estradiol dipropionate Estradiol diundecylate Estradiol diundecylenate Estradiol enanthate Estradiol furoate Estradiol glucuronide Estradiol hemihydrate Estradiol hemisuccinate (estradiol succinate) Estradiol hexahydrobenzoate Estradiol monopropionate Estradiol palmitate Estradiol phenylpropionate Estradiol pivalate (trimethyl estradiol acetate) Estradiol propoxyphenylpropionate Estradiol stearate Estradiol sulfate Estradiol undecylate Estradiol valerate Polyestradiol phosphate Estramustine Estriol Estriol diacetate benzoate Estriol glucuronide Estriol succinate Estriol sulfate Estriol sulfate glucuronide Estriol tripropionate Estrone Estrone acetate Estrone glucuronide Estrone sulfate Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate) Estrone tetraacetylglucoside Ethinyl estradiol^# Ethinyl estradiol sulfonate Hydroxyestrone diacetate Mestranol Methylestradiol Moxestrol Nilestriol Progynon Promestriene Quinestradol Quinestrol Non-steroidal: Benzestrol Bifluranol Chlorotrianisene Dienestrol Dienestrol diacetate Diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol) Diethylstilbestrol diacetate Diethylstilbestrol dilaurate Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate (stilpalmitate) Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate Diethylstilbestrol disulfate Diethylstilbestrol monobenzyl ether Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether) Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate) Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether) Doisynoestrol (fenocycline) Hexestrol Hexestrol diacetate Hexestrol dicaprylate Hexestrol diphosphate Hexestrol dipropionate Methallenestril Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate) Paroxypropione Quadrosilan Triphenylbromoethylene Triphenylchloroethylene Zeranol

Progonadotropins	Antiandrogens (e.g., bicalutamide) GnRH agonists (e.g., GnRH (gonadorelin), leuprorelin) Gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, LH)

Antiestrogens

ER antagonists (incl. SERMs/SERDs)	Acolbifene^† Anordrin Bazedoxifene (+conjugated equine estrogens) Broparestrol Clomifene^# Cyclofenil Enclomifene^† Epitiostanol Etacstil ^§ Lasofoxifene Mepitiostane Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Raloxifene Tamoxifen^# Toremifene Exclusively antagonistic: Fulvestrant

Aromatase inhibitors	Non-selective: Aminoglutethimide Testolactone Selective: Anastrozole Exemestane Fadrozole Formestane Letrozole

Antigonadotropins	Androgens/anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone, testosterone esters, nandrolone, oxandrolone, fluoxymesterone) D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride) GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin, goserelin) GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix) Progestogens (e.g., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, gestonorone caproate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate)

Others	Mixed mechanism of action: Danazol Gestrinone

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Androgens and antiandrogens • Progestogens and antiprogestogens • Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids • Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids • Gonadotropins and GnRH

Estrogen receptor modulators

Agonists	Steroidal: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone 3α-Androstanediol 3β-Androstanediol 3α-Hydroxytibolone 3β-Hydroxytibolone 4-Androstenediol 4-Androstenedione 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-Hydroxyestrone 4-Methoxyestradiol 4-Methoxyestrone 5-Androstenediol 7-Oxo-DHEA 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 8,9-Dehydroestradiol 8,9-Dehydroestrone 8β-VE2 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA 16α-Hydroxyestrone 16α-Iodo-E2 16α-LE2 16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 17α-Dihydroequilenin 17α-Dihydroequilin 17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 17β-Dihydroequilenin 17β-Dihydroequilin Abiraterone Abiraterone acetate 17α-Estradiol (alfatradiol) Alestramustine Almestrone Anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone and esters, methyltestosterone, metandienone (methandrostenolone), nandrolone and esters, many others; via estrogenic metabolites) Atrimustine Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Butolame Clomestrone Cloxestradiol Cloxestradiol acetate DHEA DHEA-S Digitoxin (digitalis) Diosgenin Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol) Epimestrol Equilenin Equilin Estetrol Estradiol Estradiol 3-propionate Estradiol acetate Estradiol benzoate Estradiol butyrate benzoate Estradiol butyrylacetate Estradiol cyclooctyl acetate Estradiol cypionate Estradiol decanoate Estradiol dienanthate Estradiol dipropionate Estradiol diundecylate Estradiol diundecylenate Estradiol enanthate Estradiol furoate Estradiol glucuronide Estradiol hemihydrate Estradiol hemisuccinate (estradiol succinate) Estradiol hexahydrobenzoate Estradiol monopropionate Estradiol mustard Estradiol palmitate Estradiol pivalate (trimethyl estradiol acetate) Estradiol propoxyphenylpropionate Estradiol stearate Estradiol sulfate Estradiol undecylate Estradiol valerate Lipoidal estradiol Estramustine Estramustine phosphate Estrapronicate Estrazinol Estriol Estriol acetate benzoate Estriol glucuronide Estriol sodium succinate Estriol succinate Estriol sulfate Estriol sulfate glucuronide Estriol triacetate Estriol tripropionate Estrofurate Estromustine Estrone Estrone acetate Estrone cyanate Estrone glucuronide Estrone sulfate Estrone tetraacetylglucoside Estropipate Etamestrol (eptamestrol) Ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl estradiol sulfonate Ethinyl estriol Etynodiol diacetate Guggulsterone Hexolame Hydroxyestrone diacetate Mestranol Methylestradiol Moxestrol Mytatrienediol Nilestriol Noretynodrel Orestrate Pentolame Phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) Polyestradiol phosphate Prodiame Prolame Promestriene Quinestradol Quinestrol Non-steroidal: (R,R)-THC (S,S)-THC 1-Keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene 2,8-DHHHC Allenestrol Allenoic acid Alternariol Anethole Anol Benzestrol Bifluranol Biochanin A Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid Carbestrol Chalconoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin, phloretin, phlorizin (phloridzin), wedelolactone) Coumestans (e.g., coumestrol, psoralidin) Deoxymiroestrol Dianethole Dianol Diarylpropionitrile Dieldrin Dienestrol Dienestrol acetate Diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol diacetate Diethylstilbestrol dilaurate Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate Diethylstilbestrol disulfate Diethylstilbestrol monobenzyl ether Dimestrol (dianisylhexene) Doisynoestrol (fenocycline) Doisynolic acid Efavirenz Endosulfan ERB-196 (WAY-202196) Estrobin (DBE) Fenarimol Fenestrel FERb 033 Flavonoids (incl. 7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, epicatechin, equol, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, kaempferol, liquiritigenin, mirificin, myricetin, naringenin, pinocembrin, prunetin, puerarin, quercetin, tectoridin, tectorigenin) Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate) Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate) GTx-758 Hexestrol Hexestrol diacetate Hexestrol dicaprylate Hexestrol diphosphate Hexestrol dipropionate ICI-85966 (Stilbostat) Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., enterodiol, enterolactone) Mestilbol Metalloestrogens (e.g., cadmium) Methallenestril Methestrol Methestrol dipropionate Methiocarb Methoxychlor Miroestrol Nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol) Paroxypropione Pentafluranol Phenestrol Photoanethole Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041) Propylpyrazoletriol Resorcylic acid lactones (e.g., zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalenone, zeranol (α-zearalanol), taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol)) Quadrosilan SC-4289 SKF-82,958 Stilbenoids (e.g., resveratrol) Synthetic xenoestrogens (e.g., alkylphenols, bisphenols (e.g., BPA, BPF, BPS), DDT, parabens, PBBs, PHBA, phthalates, PCBs) Terfluranol Triphenylbromoethylene Triphenylchloroethylene Triphenyliodoethylene Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene) WAY-166818 WAY-200070 WAY-214156

Mixed (SERMs)	27-Hydroxycholesterol Acefluranol Acolbifene Afimoxifene Anordrin Anordriol Arzoxifene Bazedoxifene Brilanestrant Broparestrol Elacestrant Chlorotrianisene Clomifene Clomifenoxide Cyclofenil Droloxifene Enclomifene Endoxifen Epitiostanol Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974) Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) Femarelle Fispemifene ICI-55548 Idoxifene Lasofoxifene Levormeloxifene LY-117018 Menerba Mepitiostane Methylepitiostanol Miproxifene Nafoxidine Nitromifene Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Panomifene Phenytoin Pipendoxifene Raloxifene SS1010 Tamoxifen TAS-108 (SR-16234) Tesmilifene Tibolone Toremifene Trioxifene Y-134 Zindoxifene Zuclomifene

Antagonists	(R,R)-THC 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA Cytestrol acetate Fulvestrant (ICI-182780) ICI-164384 Methylpiperidinopyrazole MIBE PHTPP Prochloraz RU-58668 SS1020 TAS-108 (SR-16234) XCT-790 ZK-164015 ZK-191703

GPER

Agonists	2-Methoxyestradiol 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) Atrazine Bisphenol A Daidzein DDT (p,p'-DDT, o',p'-DDE) Equol Estradiol Ethinyl estradiol Fulvestrant (ICI-182780) G-1 Genistein GPER-L1 GPER-L2 Hydroxytyrosol Kepone Niacin Nicotinamide Nonylphenol Oleuropein PCBs (2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH) Propylpyrazoletriol Quercetin Raloxifene Resveratrol Tamoxifen Tectoridin Zearalanone Zearalenol Zearalenone Zeranol (zearalanol))

Antagonists	CCL18 Estriol G-15 G-36 MIBE

See also: Androgenics • Glucocorticoidics • Mineralocorticoidics • Progestogenics • Steroid hormone metabolism modulators

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 8/18/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.